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10 November 2009, Volume 23 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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综述与专论
研究报告
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综述与专论

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Rice Production Capacity in China FANG Fu-ping,CHENG Shi-hua* 2009, 23(6): 559-566 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (1024KB) ( )   Rice production development is the key to maintaining the food security in China. To know the rice production potential in China, the levels of realistic productivity, actual production capacity and potential production capacity were calculated. The actual rice production capacity and potential production capacity in China could reach 226.2 and 253.9 million tons, respectively, 34.28 and 62.00 million tons higher than the realistic productivity. Moreover, the causes for the stagnant increase in rice yield per unit area were discussed and the scientific and technical strategies for promoting rice productivity were put forward. To further improve the rice production capacity and steadily increase national rice production, some measures are suggested, i.e. strengthening the amelioration of medium and low yield fields to improve the quality of farmland, making efforts on super highyielding rice breeding and extension to form the variety structure dominated by widely adaptive super highyielding rice cultivars, optimizing cultivation techniques for super high yield to construct a lowcost and highefficiency production technology system with simplified techniques at its core, and strengthening agricultural technology extension to reduce the yield difference between realistic yield and potential yield. In short, it is needed to promote scientific and technical supporting ability to the productive capacity of rice.

研究报告

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Correlation Between Genetic Distance Based on Molecular Markers of Functional Genes and Heterosis in Rice ZHANG Tao,#,NI Xian-lin,#,JIANG Kai-feng,YANG Qian-hua,YANG Li,WAN Xian-qi,CAO Ying-jiang,ZHENG Jia-kui, 2009, 23(6): 567-572 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (777KB) ( )   The genetic difference among twentynine rice parents (eighteen cytoplasmic male sterile lines and eleven restorer lines) was analyzed by SSR molecular markers of functional genes related to yield traits. The correlation between genetic distance and heterosis was studied by reference to the performance of fortyseven combinations. The results showed that the correlation between the genetic distance and yield heterosis was significant(r=0.29*), indicating the possibility of forecasting heterosis according to the genetic distance based on molecular markers of functional genes. The correlation between the genetic distance and the heterosis of other yieldrelated traits was insignificant. However, the correlation coefficient obtained in the study was too small to predict heterosis.

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Cluster Analysis on Good Eating Quality japonica Rice (Oryza sativa) Based on SSR Markers and Phenotypic Traits ZHANG Chun-hong,LI Jin-zhou,ZHU Zhen, ZHANG Ya-dong,ZHAO Ling,WANG Cai-lin 2009, 23(6): 573-582 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (2918KB) ( )   Diversity analysis was performed on conventional japonica rice accessions with good taste at home and abroad based on SSR molecular markers, agronomic traits and taste characteristics. A total of 290 alleles in 60 accessions were detected at 72 SSR loci with the high similarity coefficients varying from 0.600 to 0.924. Chromosome 5 showed the greatest value in average allele number. Additionally, most of the SSR loci could detect 3 to 4 alleles. An UPGMA dendrogram based on the cluster analysis of the genetic similarity coefficients showed that the grouping trend of partial accessions was geographicrelated and most of the accessions from Jiangsu Province, China were clustered together. Furthermore, many domestic accessions from the south and north of China were genetically similar to the foreign japonica varieties, as was proved by their pedigree from the foreign highquality sources. According to taste characteristics, partial accessions with excellent taste were clearly clustered into one category though they came from different geographical regions, which indicates that taste characteristics of some varieties were mainly determined by their genetic basis. In addition, the agronomic traits of japonica with good taste may have some close relationship with their geographical origins, but the relationship between superior taste characteristics and agronomic traits should be further clarified.

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Genetic Analysis and FineMapping of a Leafy Head 3 Mutant in Rice WU Li-wen, JIANG Hua,HU Jiang,HU Xing-ming,GAO Zhen-yu,ZENG Da-li,ZHU Guan-lin,DONG Guo-jun,QIAN Qian,GUO Long-biao* 2009, 23(6): 583-588 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1022KB) ( )   A natural rice mutant lhd3（leafy head 3） with delayed heading date was isolated from progenies of a japonica cultivar, Changyou 94. Under shortday conditions, outgrowth of new leaves (generally 3 leaves) and tillering on upper nodes continues at the late stage of vegetative growth in the lhd3 mutant, which is similar to tree branching. Also it holds the delay in heading date. Classical genetic analysis on F2 population of lhd3/Nanjing 6 indicated that the lhd3 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. LHD3 gene was mapped with the F2 population between two newlydeveloped STS markers, wpla3 and wpla25, on the short arm of rice chromosome 1. Fine mapping delimited it to a 60 kb physical distance between a STS marker and a CAPS marker, WX6 and CAPS1, where 10 ORFs were predicted by Rice Genome Annotation (http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/index.shtml).Further cloning of LHD3 will contribute to the clarification of regulation mechanism for growth period and leafprimordium development in rice.

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Detection of QTL for Alkali Tolerance at the Germination Stage in japonica Rice QI Dong-ling,LEE Jung-ro,YANG Chun-gang,LEE Myung-chul,CAO Gui-lan,ZHANG Jun-guo,ZHOU Qing-yang,SUH Seok-cheol,ZHANG San-yuan,HAN Long-zhi 2009, 23(6): 589-594 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (1213KB) ( )   The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for germination capacity and relative alkali damage rate for germination capacity in rice under alkali stress (0.15% Na2CO3 solution) were identified by using an F2:3 population, which included 200 individuals and lines derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars Gaochan 106 and Changbai 9 with microsatellite markers. The germination capacity and its relative alkali damage rate showed a continuous and near normal distribution in F3 lines. Seven QTLs associated with the germination capacity under alkali stress were detected, which explained 4.05% to 12.61% of the observed phenotypic variances. qGC6 and qGC9 were located in RM225-RM204 and RM219-RM3700, respectively, which accounted for 12.61% and 10.85% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. Six QTLs correlated with relative alkali damage rate for germination capacity under alkali stress were detected. qRGC2, qRGC61, qRGC9, and qRGC12 were major QTLs located in RM29-RM221, RM225-RM204, RM219-RM3700, and RM260-RM3226, respectively, which explained 28.07%, 15.35%, 15.61% and 18.91% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. Given the long distances between the markers further research should be conducted. Most of the alleles were partially dominant or overdominant.

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Genetic Analysis of Heading Date of japonica Rice Cultivars in North China WEI Xiang-jin,JIANG Ling,XU Jun-feng,LU Guang-wen,WANG Hong-jun,WANG Zhi-quan,ZHAI Hu-qu,WAN Jian-min 2009, 23(6): 595-603 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (3032KB) ( )   Heading date is one of the most important traits for the adaptation of rice to different cultivation areas and cropping seasons. North China (34°N to 42°N) plays an important role in japonica rice planting. Variation for heading date among 14 japonica rice cultivars grown in North China was characterized, and their sensitivity to variation in photoperiod and temperature was analyzed. Among them, 11 cultivars were sensitive to photoperiod，but the photoperiod sensitivity of most cultivars were weak. A regression analysis showed that heading date is closely correlated with photoperiod sensitivity. Thirteen cultivars were also sensitive to temperature. Genetic analyses were conducted on these 14 cultivars using a set of heading date near isogenic lines. The results showed that all these japonica cultivars carried the photoperiod sensitivity gene E1, and most of these cultivars carried the dominant earlyheading gene Ef1 and recessive photoperiod insensitivity gene Se1e. The photoperiod sensitivity of some cultivars can be repressed or weakened by Ef1 and the recessive allele hd2 they carried. The above results indicates that the japonica rice cultivars grown in North China with weak photoperiod sensitivity and short basic vegetative growth phase were mainly determined by heading date genotypes, and could be useful for breeding new cultivars well adapted to North China.

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Expression of Exogenous Xylanase Gene （atx） in Transgenic Rice HUANG Ying-ying,RONG Guo-zeng,HAN Ning,SUN Jian-yi,WENG Xiao-yan 2009, 23(6): 604-610 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (724KB) ( )   For improving the production efficiency of xylanase by expression of xylanase in transgenic rice plants, a xylanase gene (atx) was inserted into the binary expression vector pCAMBIA1301, and the resulting construction with atx was named atxRu3ep1301. The atxRu3ep1301 vector was introduced into rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) variety Zhonghua 11 via Agrobacteriummediated transformation, by using the rice mature embryoderived callus as the explants. Both hygromycin resistance detection and PCR amplification confirmed that the target gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenic rice. RTPCR analysis of the total RNA extracted from the fresh leaves of several transgenic lines showed that the introduced xylanase gene could be normally expressed in rice under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. And in the leaves of transgenic rice, xylanase activity was up to 4.37 U/g in fresh leaf. In addition, growth and reproduction of the transgenic rice plants were not affected by the expression of foreign xylanase. Thus, it would be an economic way for xylanase production via transgenic rice.

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Analysis on Gene Locus of Magnaporthe oryzae B11, a PathogenicityEnhanced Mutant WU Xiao-yan,WANG Jiao-yu,ZHANG Zhen,JING Jin-xue,DU Xin-fa,CHAI Rong-yao,MAO Xue-qin,QIU Hai-ping,JIANG Hua,WANG Yan-li,SUN Guo-chang 2009, 23(6): 611-615 .  DOI: 0.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )   A Magnaporthe oryzae mutant B11 was obtained by Agrobacteriummediated transformation (AtMT) method, which enhanced the pathogenicity to barley. Southern blotting analysis indicated that TDNA insert in the B11 genome was single copy. TAILPCR and sequence alignment analysis indicated that the TDNA insertion broke the putative gene locus MG01679. By using PCRbased method, the DNA and cDNA of the gene locus were cloned and sequenced. The open reading frame of the gene includes one intron and two exons. And the coding sequence is 696 bp long and encodes a 231 amino acid peptide. Protein similarity analysis indicated that the product of the gene belongs to the ThiJ/PfpⅠ protein family, and the gene was thus assigned MgThiJ1. MgThiJ1 shows 57% similarity to FOXG_09029 from Fusarium oxysporum, and 54% similarity to FGSG_08979 from Fusarium graminearum in protein sequence. MgThiJ1 gene may be a negative regulator to vegetative growth and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi, and its specific mechanism need to be studied further.

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Relationship of Panicle Type Index and Subspecies Characteristics, Yield Traits in Filial Generations of Cross Between indica and japonica Rice XU Hai,ZHU Chun-jie,GUO Yan-hua, XU Quan,MAO Ting, CHEN Kai, WANG Jia-yu,YANG Li,ZHENG Jia-kui, XU Zheng-jin 2009, 23(6): 616-620 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (1698KB) ( )   Two RILs populations, one derived from the cross between Zhongyouzao 8(indica) and Toyonishiki（japonica）(RILSA), the other derived from the cross between Qishanzhan(indica) and Akihikari(japonica) (RILSB), were grown in Liaoning and Sichuan, China to study the panicle type index (PTI) and its relationship with subspecies characteristics and yield traits. PTI is the ratio between the number of axis internode whose number of grains in the secondary rachis branch is the most in the primary rachis branches and number of the primary rachis branches. With continuous distribution of PTI and numerous of lines with different PTIs in the progenies, indicajaponica hybridization could be the sources of ideal panicle type. PTI was significantly influenced by environments, with a significant decrease from Liaoning to Sichuan. A significantly negative correlation was found between PTI and most of subspecies characteristics. PTI significantly varied with subspecies types. As a whole, it showed a trend as follows: indica(H)> indicalinous(H′) >japonicalinous(K′) >japonica(K). However, it is not appropriate to regard PTI as the parameters for subspecies classification in rice because PTI was recombined in the filial generations of cross between indica and japonica. A negative correlation was found between PTI and panicle characters as well as yield traits. Based on PTI values, most of lines from the two populations were middle and lower dominant type with significant yield advantages.

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The Optimal Moisture Content and Survival Characteristics of Rice Seeds Stored at Six Climatic Zones Under Room Temperature HU Qun-wen,LU Xin-xiong１,XIN Ping-ping１,CHEN Xiao-ling１,ZHANG Zhi-e,XIN Xia１,LIU Xu１ 2009, 23(6): 621-627 .  DOI: 0.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (2982KB) ( )   Rice seeds of two varieties, Guichao 2 (indica) and Sachiminori (japonica) with different levels of moisture content were stored under room temperature at six sites with different types of climatic zones including Sanya, Nanchang, Beijing, Xining, Urumchi and Harbin, respectively. The optimal moisture contents and the survival characteristics were studied through a successive 11year monitoring on viability and vigor of rice seeds. The viability and vigor of dried rice seeds with optimal moisture content were not significantly declined. However, it proved otherwise when the seed moisture content declined to below 30%. The optimal moisture content of seeds stored in Sanya and Nanchang at room temperature was obtained. The optimal moisture content of 65% to 50% was widely adaptable to the six climatic zones. The phase of rapid decline in viability of seeds with optimal moisture content was delayed compared with other moisture contents. The upper limit and the range of optimal moisture content were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature and accumulated temperature (≥ 0℃) at significant or highly significant levels, and the lower limit was positively correlated with them at significant or highly significant levels. Although with the same mean annual temperature in Xining and Urumchi, the seed storage results were different. This implied that the accumulated temperature (≥ 0℃) and fluctuation in temperature were probably the major reasons for the difference.

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Characteristics of Postanthesis Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Grain Filling of High Quality indica Rice Varieties Baguixiang and Guihuazhan HU Jun-ming,JIANG Li-geng*,MO Run-xiu,WEI Shan-qing,WANG Yong,LIU Kai-qiang,ZHOU Jia-min,QIN Hua-dong,LIANG Tian-feng,ZENG Ke 2009, 23(6): 628-632 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (1121KB) ( )   Field experiments were conducted to investigate dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain filling after flowering with three indica rice Baguixiang (superior quality rice), Guihuazhan(good quality rice) and Zhenguiai(inferior quality rice, CK) as materials in the spring and summer seasons in 2007. Results showed that high quality rice (including superior and good quality rice varieties Baguixiang and Guihuazhan) had greater dry weight of leaves and culm and sheath per culm, as well as higher dry matter translocation ratio and rate of leaf after heading. However, little difference was found in dry matter translocation in culm after heading between high quality rice and the control. According to the simulation of dry matter accumulation of grain in the three rice varieties with the Richards′ equation, high quality rice showed earlier initial filling, longer active filling period and lower maximum filling rate. About 1/5 to 1/3 of dry matter in grains were from leaf and culm dry matter redistribution after heading and the postanthesis dry matter contribution to grain in high quality rice was 1.5 to 2.0 times of the control. Correlation analyses indicated that grain growth was correlated with dry matter redistribution of leaf. It can be concluded that great leaf dry matter accumulation and redistribution were one of the most important reasons of high quality in rice.

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Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Rate on Growth and Yield Formation of Super High Yielding Rice in Red Paddy Soil ZHANG Yu-ping,CAO Wei-xing ,ZHU De-feng,ZHOU Ai-zhu,LIN Xian-qing,CHEN Hui-zhe,ZHOU Zheng-chun 2009, 23(6): 633-638 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (1544KB) ( )   A pot and a field experiment were conducted to observe the growth and yield characteristics of super high yielding rice varieties， Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 9 in red paddy soils (K levels: 50 and 90 mg/kg) at various potassium fertilizer rates (KCl: 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm2 )． The soil K content had significant effect on the panicle number, pencentage of productive culms, grain number per panicle, grain density, plant height, leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD value), leaf photosynthetic rate and grain yield． The order of the contributions to output for potassium fertilizer applicated at different stages was as follows: basal fertilizer >fertilizer applied 5 days after transplanting>fertilizer applied at the exsertion of the third leaf from the top, with grain yield difference from 3% to 10%. The plant height significantly increased with increasing potassium application rate, especially for Zhongzheyou 1. At the same time, the culm thickness increased, especially the basal culm internode. The grain yield of the two varieties increased by 5.6% and 8.8% with potassium application, and no significant difference was found among different potassium application levels.

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Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Conventional indica Rice Cultivars with Different Sink Potentials DONG Gui-chun,LI Jin-qian,YU Xiao-feng,ZHOU Juan, TIAN Hao,ZHANG Yan,ZHANG Chuan-sheng,ZHANG Yue-fang,WANG Yulong 2009, 23(6): 639-644 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (1160KB) ( )   To investigate the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution in conventional indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with various sink potentials(SPs), a total of 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solutioncultured in 2001 and 2002, respectively. These cultivars were classified into six types based on their SPs by the MinSSw method. Dry matter weight (including root, culm and sheath, leaves and panicle), yield and its components were measured. A significant difference in SP among the cultivars was found, with the ratios of the maximal SP to the minimum SP being 4.26 times and 8.18 times in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The averages of SPs were 426.37, 642.53, 770.96, 903.73, 1064.32, and 121390 g/m2 in 2001, and 35936, 57411, 76498, 96243, 120011, and 145559 g/m2 in 2002, respectively. The cultivars with largeSP showed superiority in biomass, dry matter accumulation during heading, grain filling and maturing. The sink potential per unit dry matter weight during heading was higher in the cultivars with large SP, whereas lower during grain filling, compared with the cultivars with small SP. The lower ratios of dry matter distribution to root, culm and sheath and leaf, and to panicle during maturing were found in the cultivars with large SP than those with small SP. The cultivars with large SP showed higher harvest index. The contribution of biomass to SP was significantly greater than that of harvest index to SP. The contribution of dry matter weight and sink potential per unit dry matter weight to SP was significantly greater during heading than during grain filling.

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Risk Assessment and Genetic Analysis of Fipronil Resistance and Insecticide Susceptibility in the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) PENG Yong-qiang,GAO Cong-fen,MA Chong-yong,MAO Yu-xia,SHEN Jin-liang 2009, 23(6): 645-652 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   Risk assessment and genetic analysis on fipronil resistance and insecticide susceptibility in the small brown planthopper were conducted in laboratory by rice stem dipping method. After 41generation selection with fipronil in 43 generations, the resistance level of the small brown planthopper (a population of L. striatellus from the wheat fields in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province in 2005) to fipronil increased from 8.4 to 230.5fold compared with the susceptible strain, and the realized heritability (h2) of resistance at different selection stages according to the method described by Tabashnik was estimated as 00388 (F1 to F31), 0.2636 (F32 to F43) and 0.1113(F1 to F43), respectively. It is suggested that the L. striatellus had the definite risk of resistance to fipronil. The susceptibilities to 15 insecticides were evaluated in two field populations of L. striatellus, collected from Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province and Changxing County, Zhejiang Province in 2007 and 2008 by the rice stem dipping method. The results showed that the highest toxic insecticides to the insect was a phenylpyrazole class of insecticides including fipronil, butylenefipronil and ethiprole(LC50: 0.2-1.7 mg/L), followed by thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos (LC50: 1.7-9.7 mg/L), and toxicity of the others was lower. According to a yeartoyear variation in susceptibility, it was noted that susceptibilities to fipronil and ethiprole in L. striatellus population from Wuxi City in 2008 were reduced with a reducing rate of 1.1fold, compared with those to the two insecticides in 2007. Fipronil was used widely for controlling this insect in recent years, but ethiprole wasn′t. Therefore, it seems that the L. striatellus population whose susceptibility to fipronil was reduced had crossresistance to ethiprole. Inheritance characteristic of resistance to fipronil in L. striatellus was studied through assaying doseresponse data of the resistant (R) and susceptible(S) parents, reciprocal crosses (F1, F1′), selfbred (F2) and backcross (BC) progenies to fipronil by the rice stem dipping method, and the results showed that the resistance to fipronil in L. striatellus was found to be polygenic, autosomal and inherited as a partial dominance trait \[D(F1) =0.20, D(F1′) =0.38\]. Resistance management in L. striatellus was also discussed.

研究简报

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Application of Functional Marker to Identify Genes for Bacterial Blight Resistance in Oryza rufipogon XIA Zhi-hui,#,HAN Fei,#,GAO Li-fen,YUAN Qian-hua,ZHAI Wen-xue, LIU Di,LUO Yue-hua 2009, 23(6): 653-656 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (389KB) ( )   Field resistance of nine accessions of common wild rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and a highly susceptible variety IR24 was evaluated with nine strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from the Philippines. The result showed that IR24 was highly susceptible to all of the strains and six common wild rice materials resisted total nine strains, accounting for 67% of the total. Two materials from Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Wanning, Hainan Province were susceptible to the strains PXO280 and PXO71, respectively, and a material from Gaozhou, Guangdong Province was susceptible to the strains PXO79, PXO99 and PXO339, but they were resistant to the other strains. It is concluded that there was at least one resistance gene in every material. PCR detection for the presence of cloned resistance genes with the functional markers for xa5, xa13, Xa21 and Xa27 revealed that there were no xa5 and Xa21 in all of these materials. Four materials contained recessive resistance gene xa13, which were all heterozygous. There were five homozygotes with dominant resistance gene Xa27 and three homozygotes harboring the recessive gene xa27 and one material with neither xa27 nor Xa27.

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Effects of Grain Protein Content Selection on Protein Content and Key Enzymes Activities for Nitrogen Metabolism in Rice Hybrid Progenies HUANG Xing,LI Xiao-guang, LIU Hong-liang, XU Mei-lan, ZHANG Feng-zhuan,ZHANG Zhong-chen,JIN Zheng-xun* 2009, 23(6): 657-660 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )   The japonica parents (Tong 769 and Xixuan 1) and their hybrid progenies, significantly differed in protein content in grains, were investigated to reveal the activities of protease in leaves and glutamine synthetase in grains and the dynamic alteration of soluble protein content in grains during grain filling. The results showed that the protein content in rice of the parents was near to each other, however, hybrid progenies with different contents of protein in grains and higher or lower activities of protease in leaves and glutamine synthetase in grains were acquired by consecutively directed selection of the grain protein content in their hybrid progenies. Moreover, the enzyme activity and protein content in grains exceled their parents during grain filling. The content of protein in rice and the activitiy of protease in leaves were positively related, and the content of soluble protein and activity of glutamine synthetase in grains were negatively related to some extent.

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Effect of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Yield and Grain Quality of japonica Rice from Northeast China SHANG Quan-yu,ZHANG Wen-zhong,HAN Ya-dong,RONG Rong,XU Hai,XU Zheng-jin,CHEN Wen-fu 2009, 23(6): 661-664 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.06.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (354KB) ( )   The effect of silicon fertilizer rate on rice yield and quality was studied by using Shennong 265 and Fengyou 2000 as materials in a pot experiment. The rice grain yield increased with the application of silicon,especially at a silicon fertilizer rate of 240 kg/hm2 for Shennong 265 and at 180 kg/hm2 for Fengyou 2000, respectively. For the yield components, the number of panicles per plant, 1000grain weight of the grains on the primary rachis branches, 1000grain weight of the grains on the secondary rachis branches, number of grains per panicles were increased with the application of silicon. The rice quality was significantly improved especially for brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Correlation analysis showed that the milled rice rate and head rice rate were significantly and positively correlated with silicon rate for the two varieties. In Shennong 265, the content of fatty acid was significantly and positively correlated with the silicon rate and taste value was significantly and negatively correlated with the silicon rate. There was no significant correlation between the content of amylose or protein and the silicon rate within a range of 0 to 240 kg/hm2. Considering the grain yield and quality together, 180 to 240 kg/hm2 silicon was suitable.