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10 January 2015, Volume 29 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Dissection and QTL Mapping of Low-phosphorus Tolerance Using Selected Introgression Lines in Rice Jie REN, Xiu-qin ZHAO, Zai-song DING, Chao XIANG, Jing ZHANG, Chao WANG, Jun-wei ZHANG, Augustino JOSEPH Charles, Qiang ZHANG, Yun-long PANG, Yong-ming GAO, Ying-yao SHI 2015, 29(1): 1-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1139KB) ( )   Two BC2F4 backcrossing populations were generated by using the two widely used elite indica restorers in China, Shuhui 527 and Minghui 86 as recurrent parents, the indica variety Yetuozai as donor. The grain yield and its related traits were evaluated under normal fertilizer application level in normal soil (as control) and in poor soil, low phosphorus stress conditions in poor soil in Langfang, Hebei Province. Meanwhile, the introgressed lines (ILs) of two populations were investigated at seedling stage using nutrient solution in the glasshouse in Beijing. A total of 49 main-effect QTLs underlying yield related traits were identified, the contribution of phenotypic variations ranged from 6.7% to 16.5%. Of which, 25 (51.0%) QTLs had favorable alleles from donor parent. A total of 48 main-effect QTLs were identified for yield related traits, the contribution of phenotypic variations ranged from 7.7% to 16.6%. Of which, 21(43.8%) QTLs had favorable alleles from donor parent. About 79.6% of the QTLs can be detected repeatedly under two or more treatments, especially those QTLs associated with grain number per panicle, spikelet fertility and thousand grain weight which displayed consistent phenotypic effects. Among all detected QTLs, eight could be simultaneously identified across two environments. RM511(Bin.12.4) on chromosome 12 showed the most strong pleiotropism, simultaneously controlling filled grain weight, total grain weight per panicle, root length, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot and total dry weight.

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Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of White Stripe Leaf Mutant st11 in Rice Qin-shu CHENG, Bang-quan YE, Can YUAN, Wei-tao LI, Jun-jie YIN, Jing WANG, Min HE, Ji-chun WANG, Yu-ping WANG, Shi-gui LI, Xue-wei CHEN 2015, 29(1): 14-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1541KB) ( )   A white stripe leaf mutant st11 was obtained from tissue-cultured rice Kitaake (Oryza sativa spp japonica). This mutant was characterized by white stripe leaves from tillering stage to mature stage. Compared with the wild type Kitaake, the mutant showed no obvious changes in agricultural traits, such as tiller number, plant height, seed-setting rate, and grain weight. Genetic analyses showed that the white stripe leaf phenotype in the mutant st11 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Two F2 segregating populations derived from the crosses, st11×Jodan and st11×02428, respectively, were used for mapping the gene st11. Bulked segregant analysis suggested that the gene st11 was located close to the markers, RM151 and RM10080, on chromosome 1. Using more molecular markers, we finally delimited the gene st11 to a region of about 270 kb between the Indel markers, I10 and I26, on the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 1.

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Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping for a Novel split glume Mutant in Rice Sheng-yuan ZENG, Min GUO, Rong-de LI, Sheng-lan SHENG, Hong-bin GONG, Chang-jie YAN 2015, 29(1): 22-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (982KB) ( )   A split glume mutant is from the mutant library of indica variety Zhongxian 3037 radiated by 60Co γ-ray. Compared to its wild type, the mutant has not only split glumes, but also characterized by early heading, lower plant height, reduced seed setting rate and degenerated spikelets, which implies that the mutation has a pleiotropic effect. Genetic and molecular analysis indicated that the mutant was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, temporally designated as split glume 1 (sg1), and then SG1 was fine mapped to a 47-kb DNA region between the STS markers M1-z21 and M1-z27 on 1, where six ORFs in total were predicted. On the basis of the location of SG1, it is deduced that SG1 is a novel gene regulating the rice glume development.

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Currently Cultivated Rice Landraces from Hani’s Terraced Fields in Yunnan Province Cheng-chen LIU, Fu-wei ZHAO, Xiao-xia WU, Chang-quan ZHANG, Kong-zhi ZHU, Da-yuan XUE, Jian-yong WU, Shao-wen HUANG, Xiao-ying XU, Yin-gen JIN, Qiao-quan LIU 2015, 29(1): 28-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (861KB) ( )   In order to provide useful information for protection and utilization of rice landraces from Hani’s Terraced Fields, the genetic diversity and population structure of the currently cultivated lines were determined by using molecular makers. In this study, 118 SSR markers were used to detect the polymorphism of 47 local rice materials, and their genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed. There were a total of 255 alleles, ranging from 2 to 4 per locus, with the mean of 2.161. Genetic diversity index varied from 0.043 to 0.656 with an average of 0.303. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.042 to 0.583 with the average of 0.256. There are two highly polymorphic loci (PIC> 0.5) and 66 moderately polymorphic loci (0.25 <PIC <0.5). All the landraces could be divided into two groups, partial indica group and partial japonica group, based on the genetic similarity coefficient and mathematical model of population structure. There was no obvious regularity between clustering results and altitude, but partial indica red rice group had two clusters coming from different altitudes. In conclusion, currently cultivated rice in Hani’s Terraced Fields had a majority of landraces belonging to indica type, and lower genetic diversity than that in previous reports.

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OsSIZ1 Regulates the Development and Architecture of the Roots under Phosphate Starvation Conditions in Rice Hong-min ZHOU, Hua-dun WANG, Rui SUN, Wen-xia PEI, Xue-neng WU, Yue CAO, Ya-fei SUN, Guo-hua XU, Shu-bin SUN 2015, 29(1): 35-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (4530KB) ( )   Plants cope with the low P environment by altering their root architecture. Here, we studied the role of SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 on the root development and architecture, and the relationship among OsSIZ1, phosphate stress and auxin using ossiz1 mutants. Compared with wild-type (WT), the ossiz1 mutation inhibited the elongation of seminal roots and adventitious roots, promoted lateral roots formation and root hair proliferation. However, the response of the ossiz1 mutation was stronger than WT under Pi deficiency, namely, the trend of root elongation and the increase of the lateral root density and the root hair number of ossiz1 were more obvious relative to WT seedlings. This suggests that OsSIZ1 regulates the root architecture, and the effect is more obvious under Pi deficiency. The total P concentration of shoots and roots in ossiz1 is higher than WT, this suggests that OsSIZ1 negatively regulates phosphorus acquisition and use. And relative expression of OsYUCCA1 and OsPIN1a/1b in ossiz1 roots is markedly up-regulated compared with WT. This suggests that OsSIZ1 negatively regulates the auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport, which is weakened under Pi-deficient conditions. Together, these results suggest that OsSIZ1 regulates Pi starvation-induced root architecture remodeling possibly through the control of auxin patterning.

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Effect of Ordered Transplanting and Optimized Broadcasting on the Culm Lodging Resistance of Super Rice Bao-wei GUO, Da-wei ZHU, Ke XU, Hong-cheng ZHANG, Xing-tao ZHOU, Cong-cong ZHU, Li-qiang CAO, Hou-cun CHEN, Jing-du CHEN, Qi-gen DAI, Zhong-yang HUO, Hai-yan WEI, Ming-yin LI 2015, 29(1): 45-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (557KB) ( )   The lodging resistance of rice under ordered transplanting (OT), optimized broadcasting (OB) and cast transplanting (CT) was compared with that under mechanical transplanting (MT) based on culm breaking resistance, culm diameter, internodes length, culm wall thickness, dry weight, etc by using super rice wuyunjing 24 and nanjing 44. The results are as follows: 1) The lodging resistance significantly differed under different transplanting patterns. The breaking force (BF), bending moment (BM) and lodging resistance among different transplanting treatments were OT>OB>CT, MT. There were no significant differences in lodging index(LI) of the 1st basal internodes for 3-hole, 2-hole and single-hole seedlings while the lodging resistance of 2-hole and 3-hole rice was higher than that of single-hole rice for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th basal internodes. 2) Ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting resulted in slightly lower ratio of gravity center height to plant height, heavier dry weight of leaf and sheath and single panicle weight, especially for 2-hole and 3-hole cultivated rice. And culm diameter, culm wall thickness, dry weight of culm, dry weight per unit internode under different transplanting treatments followed a trend of OB>OT>CT and 2-hole>3-hole>single-hole. While internode length of the basal 2nd, 3rd, 4th internodes showed a trend of OB<OT<CT and 2-hole<3-hole<single-hole. 2-hole and 3-hole ordered transplanting plants have strong lodging resistance with strong stem, short basal internode length, thick culm wall, heavy dry weight per unit internode and big breaking force and it will be a new type of simplified cultivation for high yield and super high yield.

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Effects of Wheat Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Management on Grain yield, Rice Quality and Nitrogen Utilization in Hybrid Rice Under Different Soil Fertility Conditions Feng-jun YAN, Yong-jian SUN, Jun MA, Hui XU, Yue LI, Zou DAI, Zhi-yuan YANG 2015, 29(1): 56-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (652KB) ( )   The effects of wheat straw mulching and nitrogen management on hybrid rice (F you 498) nitrogen (N) uptakes and utilization and grain yield and quality under high and low soil fertility conditions were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in paddy field at various soil fertility levels in the Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University in 2013. A split-plot design was used at different soil fereility levels with wheat straw mulching as the main plot and no wheat straw mulching as control, and N-fertilizer management as sub-plots combined with N application level of 135 kg/hm2. The result indicated that the rice SPAD value of flag leaf at grain filling stage, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were improved, as well as the grain yield and rice quality. Under high soil fertility, the rice N uptake and grain yield were higher than that under low soil fertility level,while the grain percentage of chalky kernel and chalkiness degree followed an opposite trend. The grain yield and the rice flag leaf SPAD during grain filling stage both increased under wheat straw mulching with the N application ratio of 3:3:4 for basal fertilizer, topdressing at tillering stage and at panicle initiation stage, as well as N uptakes and utilization efficiency and the grain quality. Furthermore, under low soil fertility level, the percentage of chalky kernel and chalkiness degree also decreased. The correlation between grain quality and SPAD of flag leaf during filling stage showed that under wheat straw mulching the rice flag leaf SPAD generally had significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the percentages of brown rice and head rice, and had negative correlation with the percentage of chalky kernel and chalkiness degree,and the correlation coefficients between flag leaf SPAD and grain quality maximized in the middle filling stage.

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Effects of Nitric Oxide on Drought Stress-induced Physiological Characteristics in Leaves of Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L) Yong-jie YANG, Xue-qin YANG, Cai-xia ZHANG, Guan-fu FU, Ting-ting CHEN, Long-xing TAO 2015, 29(1): 65-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1236KB) ( )   To reveal the mechanisms that nitric oxide (NO) enhances drought tolerance in rice, we studied the effects of NO on leaf photosynthetic rate, relative water content and antioxidant system of rice under drought stress. After foliar spray of 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) and/or 100 μmol/L cPTIO (a NO scavengers), japonica nipponbare (Oryza sativa L) was subjected to drought stress during tillering stage in a plastic tank. Rice leaves were sampled for further physiological analysis at the sixth day after treatment. Results showed that foliar spray of 100 μmol/L SNP enhanced rice tolerance to drought stress, which showed higher photosynthetic rate and relative water content, but lower malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in leaves when compared with the control, foliar spraying with deionized water. By contrast, the cPTIO treatment significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate and relative water content, and significantly increased leaf MDA and H2O2 contents. Further study indicated that foliar application of SNP significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, but observably suppressed ascorbic acid (AsA) content and total glutathione (GSH+GSSH) contents under drought stress. However, it had no significant influence on peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and there were no significant difference among the four treatments. It was concluded that nitric oxide might increase the activity of SOD and CAT, resulting in improved drought tolerance in rice.

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Activities of Several Starch Synthesis Enzymes in Filling Grains for Rice Sugary Endosperm Mutant (Sug-11)and Its Relation to Starch Quality Hua ZHAO, Jun-min WANG, Qi-fang ZHANG, Qian ZHAO, Shu-fang MEI, Xiang-lei LIU, Fang-min CHENG 2015, 29(1): 73-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1195KB) ( )   With the rice sugary endosperm mutant (Sug-11) and its wild-type (Zhonghua 11) as materials, the total soluble sugar, sucrose contents, starch accumulation in filling grains and the starch physicochemical properties were compared to further reveal the temporal patterns of sugar content, several key enzymes activities and their isoform genes transcriptional expression level during the grain filling so as to analyze the physiological mechanism for Sug-11 whose sugars contents change and 1000-grain weight decline from the point of starch biosynthesis pathway in rice grains. The result showed that the differences in soluble sugar and sucrose contents between Sug-11 and its wild-type were not obvious at the initial stage of grain filling, but with the filling process it gradually became apparent. Secondly, the amylose(Am) content and BV(Am) of Sug-11 were significantly decreased while the starch solubility and BV(amylopectin, Ap) were increased compared with Zhonghua 11, indicating that the physicochemical properties of grain starch were significantly affected in the sugary endosperm mutant. Finally, among the key enzymes in starch synthetic metabolism, debranching enzyme(DBE), existed in Sug-11 seeds, were quite different from its wild type in activity and dynamic in the process of grain filling, and PUL transcriptional expression level and DBE activity strikingly decreased at the middle-late stage, resulting in the declined starch accumulation and increased sugar content in Sug-11. However the poor filling and 1000-grain weight decline were, to some extent, associated with dropped ADPGase activity at the early grain filling stage.

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Hierarchical Clustering and indica-japonica Classification: Uncover Mutual Spread and indica-japonica Differentiation for Weedy Rice in Jiangsu Province Xiao-feng CHEN, Sheng QIANG, Jin-ling YANG, Bang-hua ZHANG, Zheng ZHANG, Xiao-ling SONG, Wei-min DAI 2015, 29(1): 82-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (6555KB) ( )   In the early 21st century, weedy rice occurred just in some regions of Jiangsu Province. But it has already been popular in the whole province by far, which caused serious damage to high and stable yield of japonica rice. In order to reveal the mechanism of rapid occurrence of weedy rice and control it in rice production, the spreading pattern and the indica-japonica geographical distribution were analized. We collected 205 accessions of 58 weedy rice populations from 58 sites at 13 cities in Jiangsu Province. The samples have been planted in the paddy field of Jiangpu Farm of Nanjing Agricultural University. 38 morphological traits and 6 Cheng's index traits were measured. Euclidean Distance clustering analysis showed that weedy rice followed a mutual-spread pattern in 13 cities. The indica-japonica geographical distribution of weedy rice showed that indica and indica-clinous type weedy rice distributed in 58 sites, accounting for 54.15% and 42.40% of the total samples, respectively. Japonica and japonica-clinous type weedy rice distributed in only 6 sites, accounting for 0.48% and 2.93% of the total samples, respectively. In addition, the geographical distribution comparison between the indica-japonica weedy rice and indica-japonica landraces showed no corresponding relationship. The vast majority of weedy rice in Jiangsu Province is indica type and japonica type weedy rice takes only a small proportion, which conforms to natural gene flow’s proportion between weedy rice and cultivated rice.

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Construction of a Vector for Large DNA Fragment Transformation in Magnaporthe oryzae Ya-ping CHEN, Wen-xiao SHI, Hong-kai WANG 2015, 29(1): 91-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (687KB) ( )   It is an important means to study function of gene cluster using special vectors for large DNA fragment transformation. A vector was constructed for large DNA fragment transformation based on cosmid super Cos I vector and pBHt2 vector. More than 30 kb DNA fragment was transferred into the rice blast fungus successfully using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The results will promote functional analysis of gene cluster in Magnaporthe oryzae.

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Improvement of the Micro-chamber Inoculation Method for Determination of Rice Seedling Resistance to Sheath Blight (Rhizoctonia solani) Guo-juan XU, Zheng-jie YUAN, Shi-min ZUO, Xue-biao PAN, Zhi-long WANG, Shao-hong QU 2015, 29(1): 97-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1026KB) ( )   The sheath blight resistance in rice belongs to a typical quantitative trait, and most of the rice cultivars show low levels of resistance to the disease with small differences. The inoculation and scoring system for rice sheath blight is an important basis for breeding resistant rice cultivars. The micro-chamber method for determination of rice responses to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was improved by inoculation to rice seedlings with similar growth vigour under controlled illumination, temperature and humidity conditions in a plant growth chamber. The rice cultivars YSBR1, Teqing, Taijing 394, Nipponbare and Lemont showed high to low levels of sheath blight resistance , which was consistent with the results of field inoculation in adult rice plants. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of four rice genes related to disease resistance was induced in inoculated seedlings and adult plants. Based on the height of the pulvinus of the second leaf from the top and the straightened seedling height the sheath blight scores ranged from 2.82 to 8.54 and from 1.20 to 3.39, respectively. The scoring method based on the height of the pulvinus led to similar disease scores for both seedlings and adult plants, and thus is more suitable for the micro-chamber inoculation system.

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Out-Crossing Seed Setting Rate Was Seriously Reduced By High-Temperature in Hybrid Rice Seed Production Under Field Conditions Hao-liang YAN, Xing-fu PAN, Jian-zhen CHEN, Yi-min YAO, Bi-lin LU, Xiao-hai TIAN 2015, 29(1): 106-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1216KB) ( )   The experiment with different seeding date was conducted at the hybrid rice seed production site in Yancheng City to explore the impact of weather conditions at the heading stage on seed setting rates for female parents. Exposed to consecutive high temperature lasting for 11 days in the mid-to-end of August 2013, in Yancheng, before blooming, seed setting rate of the female parent in 2013 was significantly reduced by 6.89 percent on average compared with that in 2011. Meanwhile there has been great differences in high-temperature sensitivity among various combinations, with Xinliangyouxiang 4 and Xinliangyou 223-gai being more insensitive than Xinliangyou 223. The out-crossing rates of all the female parents showed a significant negative correlation with high temperature in 2013, but no correlation in 2011 in comparison. Regression analysis showed that when the 10 d average temperature before and after heading stage increased up to 28.0℃, the out-crossing rate of the female parents began to fall, and when it came to 29.0℃ the out-crossing rate significantly reduced.