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18 April 1988, Volume 2 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
研究简报


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研究报告

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A Comparison of Methods in Classification of Cultivated Rice Zhou Hui,J C Glaszmann,Cheng Kansheng,Shi Xiaoqun 1988, 2(1): 1-7 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (325KB) ( )   The isozyme records from Glaszmann and morphological traits scores from Cheng on a total of 197 rice cultivars were both subjected to principal components analysis and subsequent clustering in order to make a comparison of their classification of Asian rice. It is found that the two schemes are in good accordance and the numerical taxonomy justifies the classification of rice into hsien (indica)and keng(japonica)subspecies with a minority of intermediates between them. The intermediates are further grouped into hsien-cline and keng-cline. The Character index (hybrid index) method adopted by Cheng appears to be more efficient and convenient, especially in field and breeding works, though a biochemical or numerical examination may be of great aid to delimit ambiguities and to detect miss-classification. So, for a best scheme of classification, it is recommended to use two or more devices as supplementary means.

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Photoinhibition in Rice and Adaptability of Varieties from Different Regions to Light Intensity Tu Zengping,Lin Xiuzhen,Huang Qiumei,Cai Weijuan,Feng Hongying,Ye Luyang 1988, 2(1): 8-16 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (580KB) ( )   It was demonstrated that photoinhibition occnred in rice under natural high light intensity, showing decrease of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and quantum yield. The damage of photoinhibition was remarkably light in US rice Bellemont and Lemont, but severe in Chinese rice Gui-Chao 9. Morphologically, the leaf thickness of US rice could increase as the light intensity increased, but couldn't for Gui-Chao 2. Gui-Chao 2 could delay leaf senescence under long term shading condition, therefore, it could keep relative higher photosynthesis than that of US rice. Experiment also showed nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the damage of photoinhibition and improve the adaptability of rice to high light intensity. It was tentatively proposed that there would be two light intensity ecotypes in rice and discussed the possibility of reducing photomhibition and increasing solar energy utilization through rational breeding and cultivation.

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Combining Ability of Some Agronomic characters in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. sinica)(in English) Wang Cailin,Tang Yugeng 1988, 2(1): 17-22 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (304KB) ( )   The combining ability for 12 characters in hybrid rice (O. sativa L. subsp. sinica) was studied in a 7×5 diallele including 7 CMS lines (A lines) with different cytoplasms and 5 restorer lines (R lines). Most of the characters of sinica type hybrid rice were affected by the GCA effects of A and R lines and the SCA effects of the combinations. Number of panicles per plant, however, was mainly affected by GCA effects of A lines, and grain yield and biomass per plant were unaffected by GCA effects of R lines. The GCA effects of A and R lines played a more important role than their SCA effects, and for the GCA effects the A lines were more important than the R lines. So it was considered that more attention should be devoted to developing A lines. and the diversity of R lines must also be considered in the breeding of sinica rice hybrids, The parents were evaluated on their comprehensive expression of combining abilities of the main economic characters.The A lines of Liu-Qian-Xin A (BT type) and Nan-Jing 34 A (D type) and the R lines of Ning- Hui 3-2 and 77302-1 were recommended as better parents. The better combinations of Liu-Qian-Xin A/77302-1, Liu-Qian-Xin A/Ning-tui 3-2, Nan-Jing 34 A/77302-1 and Nan-Jing 34 A/Ning-Hui 3-2 were also identified. These results, which coincided with current hybrid breeding practices, verified the significance of combining ability in heterosis breeding.

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Compatibility and Heterosis between indica and japonica Rice Zhao Jihai,Shen Zongtan 1988, 2(1): 23-28 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (413KB) ( )   Xiu-Shui 117, a japonica cultivar and IR58, an indica cultivar were discovered to show compatibility in indica/japonica crosses. The spikelet fertility of F1, hybrids of 6 japonica/indica crosses, i.e. Xiu-Shui 117/IR58, Xiu-Shui 117/Er-Jiu-Feng, T8340/IR58, Shuang-Bai A/IR58, Nong-Liu 209A/IR58 and Liu-Qian-Xin A/IR58 was 85.9%, 88.4%, 81.1%, 76.5%, 74.5%and67.0%, respectively. The F1 hybrid of Xiu-Shui 117/IR58. greatly exceeded the higher parents in several traits, such as plant height, panicle length, the number of'spikelets per panicle and the grain yield per plant, etc. The compatibility of this cross was also present in the F2, and backcross generations. The results suggested that there may be some varieties which would show compatibility in indica/japonica crosses in both subspecies, but the extent of their compatibility might be different. Some problems were discussed about utilizing the heterosis of the F1 hybrids between indica and japonica.

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Biological Responses of MET on Rice and Field Applications Wang Xi,Yao Fude,Gao Chengwei,Tao Longxing 1988, 2(1): 29-35 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (684KB) ( )   MET (Multi-Effect Triazole) is a new-type plant-growth retardant. Spraying MET (300 ppm) to seedling of second crop rice at 1—2 leaf stage showed highly effective in controlling plant height and promoting tillering of rice seedling. The seedlings sprayed with MET would not fade after transplantation. The plant height was reduced as much as 30%.The tillers of seedling was increased as much as 50%. The experiment suggests that applicating MET can control overgrowth of rice seedling in second crop without making double nursery and using later japonica varieties in mechanical transplantation. In addition, several field trials have been conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of MET during panicle initiation on lodging and yield components, The experiment results showed MET can be used to reduce lodging and remain good quality of grain. MET enhanced IAA-oxidase activity which may play a part in controlling endogeneous IAA level in growing plants. On the other hand, we observedonclick="SelectDisplayDiv('EnDivSummaryMoreSummary','EnDivSummaryMore');DisplaySpanDiv('EnDivSummaryHuanYuan')"> the antagonism on the growing rice seedlings between MET and nitrogen, high temperature, and water.

综述与专论

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Notes on the Nomenclature of Two Subspecies of Rice Wu Wanchun,Xu Xuebin 1988, 2(1): 36-39 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (262KB) ( )   In terms of the International Code Botanical Nomenclature (Article 36. 1, 37.1 and 11.3), the Latin names of two subspecies of rice Should be established as Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato and Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica Kato. For the Chinese names of these two subspecies should be affirmed as "jing (keng) dao" and "xian (hsien) dao" which were suggested by Ding (namely Ting) Ying. He cited the long rice cultural history of China in illustration of these names which had been used since early times. Consequently, it is reasonable to use "jing dao" and "xian dao" in lieu of "Japonica type" and "Indica type" in Chinese.

研究简报

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Collection and Evaluation and Utilization of Rice Germplasms from at Home and Abroad Ying Cunshan,Yang Zaineng,Zhang Lihua,Zhao Shiying,Cai Lingping 1988, 2(1): 40-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (264KB) ( )

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Study on Plant Types in First-Crop Rice (Oryza saliva L. subsp. indica)from Zhejiang Lin Dawei,Xu Yunbi,Shi Lifang,Shen Zongtan 1988, 2(1): 43-44 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (155KB) ( )

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Preliminary Study on Regulatory Mechanism of α-Amylase Isozyrnes Formation in Hybrid Rice by GA3 Yang Yufeng,Lu Dingzhi 1988, 2(1): 45-47 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (226KB) ( )