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05 March 1992, Volume 6 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
研究简报
实验技术


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研究报告

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Genetics of Photoperiod Sensitive Genic Male Sterility of Nongken 58S (Oryza sativa) Sheng Xiaobang 1992, 6(1): 5-14 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (484KB) ( )   It has been demonstrated from the experimental observation and analysis on the heading date and fertility of F1, F2 and BF1 descended from combinations Nongken 58S (NK58S) / nine japonica varieties by using an indicator of bagged seed setting rate that the photoperiod sensitive genic male-sterility of Nongken58S (PSGM NK58S) is controlled by two pairs of recessive major genes and the interaction of those genes is performed differently from parental varieties. For example, the additive effect is appeared in early-maturing and middle season variety (1:6:9), the independent segregation in late maturing variety (1:3:3:9) and the recessive epistasis in NK 58 itself (4:3:9). The difference in the interacting patterns is somewhat related to the heading date of F1, F2 and BF1 The PSGM NK58S, which might be modified by two set of minor genes called photoperiod and thermoperiod control genes, is expressed in various genetic background. To explain the genetic mechanism of such phenomena, a hypothesis of paralled mutation on the duplicate gene loci was advanced and genetic classification and selection of double-functioned line of PSGM slightly response to photoperiod and thermoperiod were discussed.

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Selection Efficiency of Rice Shuttle Breeding Method Lu Zitong,Tang Shaoqing,Min Shaokai 1992, 6(1): 15-20 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (394KB) ( )   The performances and relationships between the characters and generations of the rice shuttle breeding materials were studied. The efficiency of the rice shuttle breeding method has been clarified, When the breeding lines were grown at CNRRI, they generally had longer growth duration, with greater plant height and less panicles per plant. The correlation coefficients of the characters for a generation and the next generation were highly significant. For this result, it was concluded that the selection for characters especially for amylose content, 100-grain weight, plant height, growth duration and resistance to planthopper was effective under two distinct environments, Hangzhou, China and Los Banos, Philippines. The grain weight could be increased indirectly by selecting on filled grains per panicle and effective panicles per plant. Furthermore, attention should be paid to selecting larger panicles or the higher panicle weight with the larger number of panicles per plant.

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Simulation Study on Effects of Temperature on Population Dynamics of Brown Planthopper Cheng Jia'an,Zhang Lianguan,Fan Quangen,Zhu Zengrong 1992, 6(1): 21-26 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (425KB) ( )   Based on the data from Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province in 1976-1988, the relationship between population dynamics of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens stal and temperature was studied. Simulation study indicated that temperature was one of the key factors affecting population development after immigration; the only temperature differents among years could cause 5 and 10-day discrepancies in peak time, and 1.63 and 2.25 times discrepancies in peak size, respectively to the fourth and fifth generation; the effects of temperature in September on population growth was more important than that in August; while the mid-September was the key period for temperature effects. The results are consistent with the historical data in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Meanwhile, simulation analysis revealed that the effects of temperature on population dynamics were related to both characteristics of population development and seasonal variance of temperature at a particular area, as well as biology of brown planthopper.

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Absorption of Sodium Ion and Function of Plasma Membrane ATPase in Roots of Two Rice Varieties under Salt Stress Yan Bin,Wang Zongli 1992, 6(1): 27-32 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (388KB) ( )   The absorption of Na+ and function of plasma membrane ATPase from rice roots exposed to salt stress were investigated using two varieties, 80-85 (salt-tolerant) and 83-51 (susceptible). The rice seedlings were grown in Espino culture solution containing different NaCl concentrations. Na+ content in the whole plants (including root and shoot) increased with increasing external NaCl concentration and prolonging the treatment. There was a apparent varietal difference in Na+ absortion of the root. For the salt-tolerant variety, with low total Na+ uptake by the root and high K+ / Na+ ratio in tha whole plant, the Na+ uptake rate was lower and selectivity for K+ uptake over Na+ uptake (SK:Na) was higher at 10 mmol/l ion concentration than that of the salt susceptible variety. It was observed that low NaCl (0. 2% or 34 mmol/l) caused a slight increase in the plasma membrane ATPase activity from rice roots. However, the ATPase activity was inhibited obviously by high Na+ (above 0. 5% or 86 mmol/l), especially for the susceptible. The define of the enzyme activity was accompanied by accumulation of Na+ and decrease of K+ uptake in the roots. The results suggest that K+ and Na+ uptake might be controlled by the plasma membrane ATPase.

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Research on the Preparation and Regeneration of Protoplasts for Pyricularia oryzae Wang Jinxia,Huang Danian,Yang Wei,Shen Ying,Zou Qin,Fan Zaifeng,Qiu Dewen 1992, 6(1): 33-38 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1406KB) ( )   Strain 2539B1 of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) was selected as recipient to develop the transformation system for the fungus. Enough protoplasts were obtained by digestion of the fungal cell wall with the lyric enzymes of Novozyme-234 or that made in China. The efficiencies were similar for preparation of fungal protoplasts by using the domestic lytic enzyme or Novozyme-234, and the regenertion abilities were strong for protoplasts prepared by the two enzymes. The density of 108 cells protoplasts per millilitre can be gained by digesting gram fresh mycelium for 2 hours with above two lytic enzymes. The protoplasts prepared possess similar characters with the condia of Pyricularia oryzae.

研究简报

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A New Inoculation Technique for Neck Blast on in vitro Rice Panicle Sun Guochang,Shun Shuyuan,Shen Zongtan 1992, 6(1): 39-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (184KB) ( )   A technique for inoculating with Pyricularia oryzae Cav. for neck blast resistance screening was studied. Inoculation is carried out by spraying or smearing the mixture 1-2×105 conidia/ml suspended in 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto the in vitro rice panicle with a brush. The new method is suitale for inoculation at 0-10 days after heading, especially at the 0-3 days after heading. The disease index after inoculation is injection > smearing > spraying two times > spraying one times > around neck with cotton soaked in spore suspension. The method requires only a small amount of spore suspension and gives a high infection frequency, when smearing inoculation was used. It is an effective method for studying the resistance resource screening and resistance inheritance of neck blast.

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Effect of Chilling on Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Activity of Flag Leaves in Hybrid Rice and Their Parents at Filling Stage Li Ping,Wang Yirou,Liu Hongxian 1992, 6(1): 43-46 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (209KB) ( )   Effects on chilling on fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FBPase) of flag leaves in five hybrids Shanyou 63, Shanyou 64, Weiyou 64, Qingyouzao and Xiuyou 57 were investigated. The results indicated that chloroplast FBPase activity of flag leaves in hybrid rice F1 and their parents at filling stage decreased after low temperature (1℃) treatment. The sensitivity of FBPase to chilling can reflect difference of cold tolerance among these hybrids. The order of cold tolerance was as follows: Japanica type Xiuyou 57, Indica type Qingyouzao, Shanyou 63, Shanyou 64. and Weiyou 64. The cold tolerance of F1hybrid rice was inherited toward to that of the maternal line. The possible role of FBPase during grain filling and the relationship between FBPase activity of flag leaves and cold tolerance in hybrid rice were discussed.

实验技术

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A Simple Method for Isolation of Rice DNA Lu Yangjiang,Zheng Kangle 1992, 6(1): 47-48 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (317KB) ( )