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10 July 1993, Volume 7 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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综述与专论
研究报告
研究简报
综述与专论
研究简讯


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综述与专论

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Exploration on Origin of Keng Rice (Japonica) in China Tang Shengxiang,Min Shaokai,Y I Sato 1993, 7(3): 129-136 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1091KB) ( )   Based on multidisciplinary studies of ecology, biology, genetics, archaeology, nationality etc, author put forward a hypothesis on the origin of keng rice (japonica) in China. Keng rice is considered to be originated from keng-like common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon or Oryza perennis), and keng and hsien(indica) rices were domesticated parallelly. The most important homeland of keng is located in the middle and lower basin of Yangtze river, the center being in the area of Taihu Lake in East China.

研究报告

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Analysis on the Combining Ability of Main Agronomic Traits of Indica Double-functional Genic Male-sterile Lines Gong Guangming,Zhou Guofeng,Yin Chuqiu,Sheng Xiaobang 1993, 7(3): 137-142 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (274KB) ( )   Six indica double-functional genie male-sterile lines and 6 early or middle maturing varieties and wide compatibility strains were used to make 36 F1 hybrids following incomplele diallel crosses. These hybrids were evaluated under the same conditions. The heterosis and combining ability of 9 main agronomic traits were analysed. There were significant differences in combining abilities among the genic male-sterile lines and positive correlation(significant at 0.01 level) between the value of GCA and standard heterosis of hybrids. The higher GCA in parents, the stronger standard heterosis of hybrids. It should be difficult to use the genic male-sterile line with lower GCA in hybrid production even though they have higher SCA. 3130S and Hengnong S-1 were the best general combiners. Authors agreed that GCA of genic male-sterile lines were concerned with their relatives. To use japonica/indica or cultural rice/wild rice may be an efficient method for selecting double-functional genic male-sterile lines with higher combining ability.

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Sensitivity of Plant Height Genes to GA3 and Their Relationship with Enzymes in Rice He Zuhua,Etoh Kossi,Shi Chunhai,Shen Zongtan 1993, 7(3): 143-147 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (758KB) ( )   Sensitivities of different height genes of rice to GA3 and their relationships with enzymes were studied using three pairs of isogenic lines. The results indicated that the sensitivities of the genes to GA3 were in the order: eui>sd1>Sd1>sds(t). The gene sd1was more sensitive in indica than in japonica. Sensitivities of the endosperms with the different height genes to GA3 quitely accorded with these of the seedlings. Assay of peroxidase showed that activity of the enzyme was higher in the tall lines than in the short lines in seedlings of 4 days, and higher in the short lines than in the tall ones in seedlings of 8 days. The enzyme was lower activity in sensitive lines treated with GA3 for 4 and 8 days. The isozyme band 8 of peroxidase and the band 7 of esterase on the electrophoresis gel were related to the sensitivity of the height genes to GA3.

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Effects of Agar Concentration on the Rate of Plantlet Regeneration and on Contents of Endogenous ABA and ZRs of Rice Calli Mei Chuansheng,Zhang Jinyu,Tang Risheng,Cai Xiaoning,Wu Guangnan 1993, 7(3): 148-152 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (240KB) ( )   Eftects of agar concentration in dedifferentiation, differentiation, and subculture media and in their combinations on the rate of plantlet regeneration were investigated in calli from mature seeds of rice cv. Yanjing 2. Optimal agar concentration in dedifferentiation, differentiation, and subculture media were 1.0% used in respective experiments when 0.5% agar in other one or two media were given. The effect was significant in combination of 1.0% agar in both subculture and differentiation media and in combination of 0.5% or 0.75% in dedifferentiation medium with 1.0% agar in differentiation medium while it was not significant in combination of 1.0% in both dedifferentiation and differentiation media for plantlet regeneration. Agar concentration affected water availability in calli, i. e. higher agar (1.0%) in medium limited water absorption of calli and made calli drier. The water content was reduced and proline level increased as agar concentration increased. Phytohormones play an important role in plantlet regeneration in vitro. Agar concentration greatly modified contents of endogenous hormones of calli. With increase of agar concentration in subculture medium, the rate of plantlet regeneration of endogenous ABA were increased while that of endogenous ZRs decreased. It is suggested that mechanism for improving the rate of plantlet regeneration with higher agar concentration in rice calli may resulted from the reduction of water content, which caused water stress in terms of the increase of proline content, followed by the regulation of the contents of endogenous ABA and ZRs, and finally improved the rate of plantlet regeneration.

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Study on the Enhancement of Uptake and Utilization of GA3 in Rice Seedlings by Surfactant "Yue Fu No. 1" Pan Ruichi,Han Hanbing 1993, 7(3): 153-158 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1160KB) ( )   Comparing with GA3 treatment alone, the spraying of GA3 combined with surfactant "Yue Fu No. 1" (YF-1) upon rice seedlings could increase the seedlings height, enhance the adhesion and uptake of GA3 in rice seedlings by 2 to 4 times and 1 to 3 times, respectively. The silicon, wax and cuticle in surface of leaves were partly dissolved by YF-1. Moreover, YF-1 had a function of rainfastness, which reduced the percentage of GA3 to be washed away. The field test showed that application of GA3 plus YF-1 on sterile line of rice increased the length of stalk and decreased the extent of panicle enclosed in flag leaf sheath.

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ESRICE: An Expert System for Management of Rice Pest Insects Design and Implementation (in English) Hu Quansheng,Zhang Xiaoxi 1993, 7(3): 159-166 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (419KB) ( )   The expert system for rice pest insect management, ESRICE, was implemented in NEW language, BASIC and dBASEⅢ. The system ESRICE is composed of 13 subsystems which can forecast the population dynamics of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, and rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medilanis, and give the control recommendations for farmers. During the consulting course, the user can visit the mathematical models so as to help him to answer the questions asked by the system or further reahze the necessity and timing of spraying. The results of the system application have shown that the level of the system ESRICE has been as high as that of the domain experts in the rice pest management.

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Absorption and Transportation of Buprofezin and Its Degradation Dynamics in Rice Plant Dai Zhiyi,Yang Yizhong,Liu Shuzhao,Huang Donglin,Wang Chunan,Lu Zengxin,Chen Lianggen,Zhuang Yiqing 1993, 7(3): 167-171 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (365KB) ( )   This paper showed that there was an obvious effect of absorption and transportation for buprofezin in rice plants by high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) combined with bioassay and plot experiments. The effect at the base (leaf sheath) was greatest, that of the leaf was mean and the root was minimum. Rice plants had a bioaccumulation effect for the insecticide in field water and the bioaccumulation coefficient was 2.4 to 3.5. The percentages of disapperance of the buprofezin in the stem were 73.03, 80.93, 90.32, and 95.01, respectively during 1 to 4 weeks after application of 187.5g (a. i. )/ha, The effectiveness of the insecticide of different treatment methods (spraying, pouring, low volume spraying and incorporation) showed no significant difference. The results suggested that main reason for the long-effect of the buprofezin in the field was its great biological activity, absorption and bioaccumulation in rice plants.

研究简报

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The Influence of Different Cropping Seasons on Rice Grain Quality Zhu Xudong,Xiong Zhenmin,Luo Yukun,Kong Fanlin,Cao Liyong,Min Jie 1993, 7(3): 172-174 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (143KB) ( )   The grain quality of 6 early and 5 late indica rice varieties cultivated both in early and late seasons was studied. The result showed that an obvious difference between the two growth seasons existed in milling, appearence and cooking qualities. The grain quality of late seasonal culture was remarkably better than that of early one with respect of smaller chalkiness, better translucency and higher head rice yield. The quality of late varietites become poor when they were cultivated in early season, due to the effect of high temperature in the period of filling stage. The target and method of quality improvement in indica rice were discussed.

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Varietal Differences of Photooxidation in Rice and Effects of Active Oxygen Scavengers Zhang Chunlai,Jiao Demao,Tong Hongyu 1993, 7(3): 175-178 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (270KB) ( )   The difference of photooxidation in various rice varieties under condition of inducing photooxidation was studied. The results indicated that indica-japonica hybrid rice Yayou 2, japonica rice 02428 and Niujiaobiannuo were more tolerant to photooxidation than indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and indica rice 3037 and Mars. Under condition of inducing photooxidation chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl a/b declined slower, and carotenoid (Car) content as endogenous active oxygen scavenger was higher, higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was induced and lasted longer in tolerant varieties. Nitrogen deficit and shading treatment exacerbated the degradation of Chl and Chl content, and increased the photooxidation damage. The exogenous active oxygen scavengers i. e. ascorbate (ASC), 8- hydroxoy-quinoline (8-HQ) and mannitor (MT) keeped higher SOD activity, lowered the degradation of Chl content and Chl a/b and photooxidation damage under condition of inducing photooxidation.

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Studies and Evaluation of 14 Varieties Introduced from America Luo Lijun,Ying Cunshan,Mei Hanwei,Wang Yiping 1993, 7(3): 179-182 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (202KB) ( )   Studies were made on the agronomic characteristics, variety type and wide compatibility of 14 rice varieties introduced from America. Pedigree analysis were also conducted. The results indicated most of varieties have unfavourable comprehensive characteristics. Low number of effective panicle per plant is a main problem. Different variety have advantage in different characteristics. 14 WCVs which include varieties with compatibility gene and varieties from indica-japonica hybridization were identified. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that the genetic base of 20 WCVs can be traced to these varieties: Pachain, UNJP, Marong paroc, Hill sel., UNPH, Hnduras and so on. It is essential to make further studies on morphological feature and physiological property of American varieties and genetic base of wide compatibility.

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Application of Antibacterial Peptide in Rice Blight Resistance Huang Danian,Zou Qin,Dai Zhuying,Huang Ziran,Sha Jujiao 1993, 7(3): 183-186 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   Antibacterial peptide from the silkworm, Bombyx mori was isolated to be applied in disease-resistance in rice. Five different races of rice blight pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) were tested in antibacterial inhibition disc, which showed an efficient inhibition of growth of rice blight pathogen. Injection of these small peptides into rice stem also moderated the development of rice blight to a certain extent.

综述与专论

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Basic Research on Rice Breeding for Ideal Plant Morphology and A Comparison of Achievements with Those of Parallel Studies at Home and Abroad (in English) Yang Shouren,Zhang Longbu,Xu Zhengjin,Chen Wenfu,Wang Jinmin,Dong Ke 1993, 7(3): 187-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (192KB) ( )

研究简讯

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Induction of the Dormant Barnyardgrass Seeds Germination by Butachlor Yu Liuqing,Wu Linfu 1993, 7(3): 192-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (59KB) ( )