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10 January 1994, Volume 8 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
研究简报


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研究报告

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Effect on Rice Genetical Character by High Space Condition Gao Fangyuan,Jiang Xingcun,Lu Sheng'an,Yi Xiaoping,Yang Cunyi,Li Jinguo 1994, 8(1): 1-8 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (789KB) ( )   Air-dried seed of rice carried by high space balloon were treated for 8 hours under high space condition of 30-35 km from sea level. The character expression of SP1, SP2 generation and the correlative degree between SP3's individual plant and SP4 generation average value were studied. The results indicated that the SP1's germination percentage and germination potential of seed and seed setting of percentage were lower than control, the growth and the date of heading were different in the SP1 generation individual plant each other, more stronger segregation than other mutant factor on 11 kinds of agronomy characters were showed in the SP2 generation, some mutants that have wide compatibility gene, which can restore male sterile lines of indica (Zhenshan 97A, Nong A) and japonica (Hua A, Yue A) were chosen. The correlation between SP3's individual plant and SP4 generation average value was high significant. So it was considered the variation induced by high space condition can be hereditary and high space balloon carried plant seed can be as a new way of mutant breeding.

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The Relation between Daily Changes of Photosynthesis and the Internal Rhythm in Rice Deng Zhongci 1994, 8(1): 9-14 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (310KB) ( )   Using Yuanfengzao, 837 and other rice varities as materials, we have made numerous studies from 1986 to 1990 concerning the daily changes of photosynthesis in rice and theit relation with the interior and exterior elements. The daily changes of photosynthesis in rice show a kind of double-peaks’ curve. The changes of stomotal opening wasalmost synchronous with the daily changes of photosynthesis. Watering or spraying solutions of P and K on leaves candecrease the degree of afternoon nap, but can’t eliminate the phenomenon. Delayed, counter-photoperiod or all dayand night lighting can’t change the original rhythm. However, when the time of the treatment is over several days, theoriginal rhythm disappeared and the new rhythm that adapts to the new condition is created. It suggested that the dailychanges of photosynthesis in rice are not only influenced by the external condition of temperature, light, water and atmosphere. but also have relation with the internal rhythm’s regulation.

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The Physiological Effects of S-07 on Rice Seedling Wang Xi,Yu Meiyu,Tao Longxing 1994, 8(1): 15-20 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (258KB) ( )   The physiological effects of S-07 on rice seedling was presented in this paper. As rice seed were soaked in S-07 solution at 1-10 mg/kg, the photosynthetic rate of rice seedling were promoted, and respiratory rate of rice seedling were increased. At high concentration (100-1000 mg/kg), respiratory rate of rice seedling were inhibited. The antagonism on the growth of rice seedling between S-07 and exogenous IAA orGA3 was observed, and the additive effect existed between the inhibiting effect of S-07 and the effect of controlling growth on rice seedling under high concentration of exogenous IAA (100 mg/kg). The germinating potential of rice seed was reduced by soaking rice seed in S-07 solution. The results of anatomical observation of leaf sheath has shown that the cell size of the leaf sheath treated by S-07 was smaller than that of the control, and number of cell layers in leaf sheath was increased.

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Effect of Rice wx Gene on Carbohydrate Accumulation and Amylase Activity of Germinating Grain He Zuhua,Hua Jinwei,Shen Zongtan 1994, 8(1): 21-26 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (276KB) ( )   Effects of rice wx gene on accumulation of carbohydrates during grain development and activitiesof amylases in germinating grains were studied using two pairs of waxy and nonwaxy near-isogenic lines Yuanfengzao and waxy-Yuanfengzao, Zhenzhu 19 and waxy-Zhenzhu 19(Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica). The wx led to 0.07-2.94 and 1.04-4.55 percentage point respectively more reducing and nonreducing sugars in waxy-Yuanfengzao than Yuanfengzao and 1.01-5.08 and 1.60-6.94 Percentage point respectively more in waxy-Zhenzhu 19 than Zhenzhu 19. Starch content was 0.34-5.01 and 0.72-6.59 percentage point lower in the waxy grains than in the nonwaxy grains respectively. It is suggested that the wx gene control the synthesis of amylopetin with stable high ratio since the early stage of grain development. Activities of β-amylasc and R-enzyme were higher, while α-amylase was lower activity in the germinating waxy grains than in the germinating nonwaxy grains. Electrophoresis of amylase isozymes indicated that the α-amylase band was more greatly affected by the ax gene. Higher α-amylase activity induced by GA3 was also observed in the nonwaxy grains than waxy grains.

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Characterization of Fertility-restoring Mutants Isolated from Radiation Mutated Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Rice Shen Yuwei,Cai Qihua,Gao Mingwei 1994, 8(1): 27-31 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (199KB) ( )   Male fertile revertants from both cytoplasmic male sterile lines Ⅱ-32A and Xieqingzao A,Which have Indonisia paddy rice cytoplasm and WA (wild abortive) cytoplasm respectively, were obtained by treatment with 290 Gy 60Co-γ rays in frequencies of 8×10-3 for 1Ⅱ-32A and 5×10-3 for Xieqingzao A. The acquired riverments from Ⅱ-32A are similar to Ⅱ-32B in major characters. Test crosses of stabilized revertants Ⅱ-32R with Ⅱ-32A and Zhenshan 97A show normal seed setting rate in F1 hybrids. Genetic Analysis of the progenies of the tested crosses indicates that the fertility restoration of both zhenshan 97A and Ⅱ-32A by Ⅱ-32R involves two pairs of restoring genes. However, there exists difference in distribution of seed setting rate in Fxs between zhenshan 97A/Ⅱ-32R and Ⅱ-32A/Ⅱ-32R. Ⅱ-32A/T-18 and Ⅱ-32A/T-21 have the same distribution tendency, whereas Zhenshan 97A / T-18 biased toward low value. T-18, T-21 have higher seed setting rate, and selected from Ⅱ-32R-1 and Ⅱ-32R-2, respectively Development of fertility-restoring mutant by induced mutation could be used as an effective method to obtain restorer line of cytoplasmic male sterile line.

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Germination Inducement of Barnyardgrass Seeds and Their Control with Butachlor Yu Liuqing,Wu Linfu,Zhu Biying,Gao Qikang 1994, 8(1): 32-36 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (321KB) ( )   The barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. var. mitis (Pursh) Petern) caryopsis (popular name:seed) with germination rate of 62%-81% was obtained by breaking the pericarp of seed. One reason of which is that the pericarp is very hard and poor for water permeating,the embryo can't get enough water for its germination, and it is the forcing dormancy. Butachlor of 1.08 kg ai/ha treatment resulted in 63% germination inducement and control rate of barnyardgrass seeds.The germination rate of 72% was given at 7 days after seed soaked in Butachlor. The data showed that higher temperature(day/night:35℃/25℃) was suitable for germination inducement of seeds. Butachlor treatment increase the distance between palings in the middle pericarp and decrease the number of the pipe cells in the inside ricarp,and enhance the permeable pericarp and germination of aseds.

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Application of the Artificial Signal in Acoustic Trapping Experiment for the Rice Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) Zhang Zhitao,Fu Qiang,Wu Lifang,Chen Lunyu,Yin Baitao,Chen Chunhua,Chen Wei 1994, 8(1): 37-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (236KB) ( )   An artificial signal produced by an electron simulator(signal generator) was applied instead of the female signal recording. The results showed that the average percentage of male trapped was 22.2%±3.4% for the continuous artificial signal, and there was no significant difference of trapped percentage among the three kinds of trapping signal source at 5% level by LSR. When using a discontinuous artificial signal the average trapped percentage reached to 44.8% ± 5.7%, which was 22. 6 percentage point more than that for the continuous artificial signal, 15.9 Percentage point more than that for the playback of the natural signal recording, and 13.7 percentage point more than that for the calling females as well. Furthermore, a trapping experiment using the discontinuous artificial signal for a made colony, the average of male trapped ranged from 1.53% to 1 .64% of the sum of insect tested, and from 3.04% to 4.26% of the number of male tested. The trapping effectiveness of the artificial signal was much stable. The acoustic trap apparatus with the artificial signal generator was tested. In spite of the low population that was only 0.40 ±0.08 N. lugens males per hill, two males were still trapped. It suggested that the artificial signal generator is hopeful to be applied as a kind of practical trapping signal source in the acoustic trap for N. lugens.

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Study on Resistant Components to Rice Blast in Rice Varieties Huang Feiyuan,Peng Shaoqiu,Liu Erming 1994, 8(1): 43-47 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (284KB) ( )   The 9 resistant components to rice blast in 21 rice varieties were studied by principal component analysis. The results showed that the first principal component was the basic factor of resistance to blast, which consisted of 5 main components, number of sporulation, leaf blast severities and grades of spore layer scales of lesions at the seedling and adult stages, and the second principal component was the factor of resistance to neck blast, mainly soverity of neck blast. Characteristic roots of two principal components were 96.4% in all characteristic roots. Otherwise the study still indicated that it was very objective and dependable that number of sporulation, grade of spore layer scales of lesions at the seedling stage, leaf blast severity at the adult stage and percent severity of neck blast severity at the adult stage and percent seventy of neck blast were selected to use differential indexes of quantitive resistance as durable resistance, ect.in rice blast nursery.

综述与专论

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Current Status of Two-line Method of Hybrid Rice Breeding (in English) Lu Xinggui,Zhang Zhiguo,S S Virmani,K. Maruyama 1994, 8(1): 48-54 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (169KB) ( )

研究简报

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Plant Opal Analysis of Longnan Neolithic Site Zheng Yunfei,You Xiuling,Xu Jianmin,Bian Qijun 1994, 8(1): 55-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (186KB) ( )   The result of plant opal analysis on Longnan neolithic site of Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province, locating at the lower part of Yangtze Valley,showed that about 5000 years ago rice cutivation had been developed in this site. According to the analysis of plant opal the japonica and indica type could be distinguishedaffirmatively, and the rice population of the site was a japonica type.

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Effect of Buprofezin on F1 Generation Survival of Rice Leaf-folder Chen Zhongxiao,Hu Guowen,Ling Yijun 1994, 8(1): 57-60 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (105KB) ( )   The rice leaf-folder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee) 3rd instar larvae were treated with 5 buproferin concentrations. The results indicated that buprofezin had no effects on moth emergence rate and egg production, but moth emergence peaks were delayed by 1 day. The egg hatch rate, survival rates of egg-2nd instar larvae and 2nd-5th instar larvae were significantly decreased with the concentration increasing.