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10 July 1994, Volume 8 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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Analysis of Seed and Maternal Genetic Effects for Characters of Cooking Quality in indica Rice Shi Chunhai,Zhu Jun 1994, 8(3): 129-134 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (383KB) ( )   Genetic analysis was conducted to characterize the cooking quality in indica hybrid rice by using a new genetic model for cereal seed based on the data obtained in incomplete diallel crosses with six male sterile lines (Zhenshan 97A etc.) and three restorer lines (Cezao 2-2 etc.). The results indicated that gel consistency (mm) was mainly controlled by maternal genetic effects, but also affected by seed genetic offects. Amylose content (%) and gelatinization temperature (alkali spreading score) were controlled only by seed direct dominant effects. Predicted genetic effects indicated that 26715 was better than other parents for making a good cooking quality cross.

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Breeding Near-isogenic Lines of Morphological Markers in indica Rice Dong Fenggao,Xiong Zhenmin,Qian Qian,Zhu Xudong,Cheng Shihua 1994, 8(3): 135-139 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (339KB) ( )   Twenty-seven morphological marker genes on 12 chromosomes were introduced into indica rice by 3-4 baekcrosses with an early season indica rice Zhefu 802 as recurrent parent, and 27 near-isogenic lines with marker genes were obtained. Agronomic characters of the near-isogenic lines were similar to the recurrent parent excepting to the marker ones.

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Differences of Carotenoid in Leaves among Rice Varieties Suffered Photooxidation Fu Chunxia,Liu Xia,Shao Hongyu,Tan Xiuyun,Zou Qi 1994, 8(3): 140-144 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (330KB) ( )   Effect of light on carotenoid components and its differences among rice varieties were studied with rice leaves. Results showed 14 components with different colours and unique absorption spectra were separated from carotenoid in rice leaves by TLC method, and there existed differences among crops and their leaves according to their age. Band No. 8 could be turned to yellow from green with illuminating and its maximum absorptive peak moved toward the long wave because of violaxanthin turning into zeaxanthin. There were also differences of components degradation in eight indica rice varieties with different photoinhibition sensitivities under low lemperature and high light for 15 days. The absorptive peak of zeaxanthin in non-sensitive varieties increased 43.3% compared with the sensitive ones. This proved that the degree of photoinhibition sensitivity were associated with the transient amount of zeaxanthin formed in the leaves during treatment.

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Adaptability and Productivity of Photosynthesis in Hybrid Rice under Different Temperatures Cai Weijuan,Tu Zengping,Li Xiaolin,Liu Bin,Liang Zuyang,Qiu Runheng 1994, 8(3): 145-150 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (184KB) ( )   Hybrid rice Lemont/Qiguizao(Le/Qi) and its parents, the female one from United States of America, and the male one from South China, were studied under controlled short-term high and moderate temperature in growth chambers to compare their photosynthetic adaptability and productivity. After short-term treatment with 41℃ (3 h), which was 12℃ higher than normal atmospheric high temperature, with light intensity of 650 μmol photons/m2s in early rice in growth chamber, the Pn of all plants were remarkably decreased. Qiguizao and Lemont reduced about 80% of normal Pn, but hybrid Le/Qi only reduced by 50% of normal Pn, showing higher tolerance to the photoinhibition damage caused by suddenly raising temperature with middle high light intensity. The CGR and biomass of Le/Qi were also remakably higher than that of both Qiguizao and Lemont under both high and moderate temperatures. This study and our previous relevant studies on hybrid Le / Qi and its parents, especially to the Qiguizao, show that the utilization of photosynthetic heterosis in the cross of two different light intensity ecotypes of rice is a promising breeding approach to enhancing photosynthctic productivity and wider adaptability.

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The Changes and Affecting Factors of Stem-sheath Reserve Contents of Rice during Grain Filling Liang Jiansheng,Cao Xianzu,Zhang Haiyan,Song Ping,Zhu Qingsen 1994, 8(3): 151-156 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (174KB) ( )   Investigations were carried out on the changes of leaf-sheath and stem reserve contents and effects of leaf-cutting, spikelet-thinning and hormones on the contents, translocation and residual ratio of these reserves during grain filling in rice varieties of Yanjing 235(sink-limiting type) and Shanyou 63 and Yayou 2(source-limiting type). The leaf-cutting and spikelet-thinning treatments delayed or accelerated the grain-filling processes of weak grains in all tested varieties, respectively, but had little influences on those of strong grains. The accumulation peaks of leaf-sheath and stem reserves of Yanjing 235 were about 5 days earlier than those of Shanyou 63 and Yayou 2, and the amount of reserves per unit sink capacity of Yanjing 235 was also higher. The translocation of reserves of Yanjing 235 to grains took place at heading stage, which was about 5 days earlier than the other two varieties, and ended at about 10 days after heading. The stimulation of spikelet-thinning on starch accumulation of leaf-sheath and stem of Yanjing 235 was higher than that of Shanyou 63 and Yayou 2, but its effects on translocation and residual ratio of stem-sheath reserves of Shanyou 63 and Yayou 2 were much significant than that of Yanjing 235. The effects of leaf-cutting were contrary to those of spikeletthinning. The contents,translocation and residual ratio of leaves,sheaths and stem of all rice tested varieties were markedly influenced by ABA treatments, depending on the treated sites of rice. 4-Pu 30 treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation, translocation and residual ratio of stem-sheath reserves irrespectives of the treated sites. The roles of stem-sheaths reserves in the early development of grains were also discussed.

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Dynamic Model of Rice Cold Resistance Li Taigui,Xu Rensheng,Cai Tichang,Shen Bo,Hua Zhihua 1994, 8(3): 157-161 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (207KB) ( )   Under the condition of field or growing chamber, different cold-resistance rice cultivars were continuously treated with low water temperature or low air temperature in various developmental period. According to cold resistance = cold stress / cold strain (R=F/S), dynamic characteristics of different morphological indices R in rice were studied under low temperature, and relationship of S-t. R-t and F-S were further analyzed. F was cold stress in vivo produced by the accumulating amount of treating low temperature and induce R increase during the early treatments. S was the variate of plant indices induced by low temperature. The R value appeared parabolic change with response to treated time, and the treated time of maximum R might be used to evaluate the cold resistant ability of rice cultivars. Based on F-S characteristics.It suggested that cold resistance has three types, i.e. static resistance, dynamic resistance and that with both of them.

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Effect of Two Octadecadienoic Acids on Rice Resistance to Blast at Seedling Stage Song Fengming,Ge Xiuchun,Zheng Zhong,Wu Wenlian,Wu Yulin 1994, 8(3): 162-168 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (194KB) ( )   Two kinds of oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids, i.e. 11(S),12(S),13(S)trihydroxy(9Z,15Z)-octadecadienoic acid and 11(R)-hydroxy-12(S), 13(S)-epoxy-(9Z, 15Z)-octadecadienoic acid were synthesized and tested on their biological activities in the resistance of rice seedlings to blast disease. Both compounds had weak suppression on the mycelial growth but apparent inhibition on the conidia germination of Magnaporthe grisea in vitro. Foliar application with either of these compounds at three-to-four-leaf stage of rice seedlings, followed in 2 or 5 days by inoculation with the compatible strain markedly reduced the disease severity. For the best expression of the induced resistance, the lag between induction and challenge inoculation for the hydroxy C18fatty acid was 5 days but for the epoxy C18 fatty acid was 2 days. The effective concentration of either of the chemicals for foliar application was 5 μg/mL, resulting in over 50% reduction in the disease seventy. Preinoculation of the pathogen followed in 5 or 10 days by foliar spraying of either compound at 5 or 10 μg / mL also suppressed the disease with significantly reduced lesion numbers and size. It appears that treatment with these unsaturated fatty acids before or after infection may enhance the rice resistance to blast disease.

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Protein-cell Interactions between Rice and Pyricularia oryzae in vitro (in English) Tao Quanzhou,Isamu Yamaguchi 1994, 8(3): 169-176 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (983KB) ( )   The proteins of rice and fungi which relate to primary attachment reaction in vitro between rice and Pyricularia oryzae were analysed by 2-D slabs. There are two proteins disappeared from the slabs,and other two emerged in it after mixed with spores or mycelia of P. oryzae. These proteins of rice may be responsible for incompatible or compatible reactions to the pathogens. On the other hand, the proteins of mycelia were found to induce cultured rice cell producing some proteins, but the proteins from spores were not. It imply that the specific incompatible and compatible reactions may take place at the stage that spores have developed into mycelia. The experiment shows a simple technique only to identify some proteins which may involve in reaction between plant and pathogen in vitro. The results we presented here are for more discussions and arguments as there are many outstanding questions need to be studied further.

研究简报

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Game Fertility of F1 between Indica and Japonica He Guanghua,Zheng Jiakui,Yin Guoda,Yang Zhenglin 1994, 8(3): 177-180 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (144KB) ( )   Two F1 between varieties, three and eight ones between indica and japonica with or without wide compatibility (WC) respectively were used, and male and female fertility of generations P1, P2, F1, F1×P1, F1×P2, Zhenshan 97A×F1 were analysed. The results showed that: 1) Male or female sterile of F1 crossed between varieties weren't observed and their pollen fertility and seed setting percentage were normal. 2) Pollen fertility of F1 crossed between indica and japonica was lower than that of parents significantly and the seed setting percentage of generation of Zhenshan 97A×F1, F1×(P1,P2) didn't reach normal level after artifical pollination; Male and female sterile of those combinations were observed, in former sterile percentage was higher in male than female and its range was less in latter than in former. 3) Male or female fertility of F1 between indica and japonica were promoted through using wide compatible gene, and their wide compatibility are different in various intersubspecific combinations.

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The Effect of S-07 Chemical Control Technique on Rice Yeild Yu Meiyu,Yu Meiyu,Tao Longxing 1994, 8(3): 181-184 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (129KB) ( )   S-07, a plant growth retardent, has ability to raise strong short rice seedlings with more tillers and roots as being used to soak rice seeds before their accelerating germination. In field, these seedlings can tolerate the transplanting damages and develop more quickly. At mature period, they have more spikes and grains per panicle, which cause higher yield than the control by 6%-7%.

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Effect of Blue Light on the Development of Chloroplasts in Rice Seedlings Li Shaoshan,Pan Ruizhi 1994, 8(3): 185-188 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (233KB) ( )   Effect of blue light on the development of chloroplasts in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was studied. Blue light had a great influence on the ultrastructure and development of chloroplasts. In the greening process of etiolated rice seedlings, blue light inhibited the development of photosynthetic membrane and the accumulation of chlorophyll as compared with white light. Chloroplasts in blue-light-grown rice seedlings had lower density and aggregation of thylakoids than those grown in white light. Chlorophyll content of rice seedlings treated by blue light was lower than that of white light, but chlorophyll a / b ratio was increased. Photosynthetic rate of blue-light-grown rice seedlings was concluded that white light is better than blue light for the development of chloroplasts in rice seedlings. This gave a reasonable explanation to the phenomena reported formerly that blue light greatly inhibited the height and leaf area of rice seedlings.

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Degradation Dynamics of Oxyfluorfen in Rice and Its Ecosystem Lou Xiaohua,Liang Tianxi,Wu Yuansheng,Ping Xiaofei 1994, 8(3): 189-191 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (90KB) ( )   The degradation dynamics and terminal residue trials of oxyfluorfen(20% AC) on rice and its ecosystem were carried out in Zhejiang and Guizhou Province. The tesults showed that this herbicide was swiftly decomposed in rice plant and paddy water. The degradation half life in the two sites were 2.1 days, 1.6 days for rice plant, and 1.0 day, 2.5 days for paddy water, respectively. In contrast, paddy soil showed a remarkable difference in the degradation behavior, with a half life of 9.1 days in Zhejiang and 36.1 days in Guizhou. When sprayed at rate of 150-240 g(ai) / ha, 7 days after transplanting, no oxyfluorfen residues were detected in harvested rice grain, plant, soil and water. Thus, utilization of oxyfluorfen in paddy field would cause little residue concerns.