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10 October 1994, Volume 8 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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Wide Compatible and Restoring Ability of Zhong 413 and its Utilization in Hybrid Rice Improvement Luo Lijun,Ying Cunshan,Min Shaokai,Yu Xinqiao,Mei Hanwei,Wang Yiping,Guo Longbiao,Zhong Daibin 1994, 8(4): 193-199 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (394KB) ( )   Zhong 413 was a wide compatible restorer line selected from 50465. Using Zhong 413 as female parent crossed with indica testers IR36, Nanjing 11 and japonica testers Akihikari, Balilla, the spikelet fertilities of F1 hybrid were 75.5%, 80. 8% and 71.4%, 53.2% respectively. Meanwhile Zhong 413 had strong restoring ability to various CMS lines such as Zhenshan 97A, Xieqingzao A, D-shan A and Maxie A, and the obvious heterosis of these hybrids was shown in rapid growth, large leaf area index, bigger panicles. higher dry matter production, resistance to lodging, as well as over yielding significantly than the recent commercial hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and Shanyou 10 in different regions and seasons. Zhong 413's hybrid combinations not only had superior heterosis but also could overcome the problems such as the lower F1 fertility, insufficiently filled grain, excessive plant height and long growth duration which happened usually in inter-subspecies hybrid rice.

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Genetic Analysis of Short Root in Rice(Oryza sativa L.) (in English) Hong Delin,Masahiko Ichii 1994, 8(4): 200-204 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (121KB) ( )   The inheritance of short root character in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was studied by investigating the length of crown root of plants in generations of P1, P2, F1, F2, B11, B'11, B12, B'12 and F3 which were made by crossing the short root mutants RM1, RM2 with the original type Ohchikara. As shown by the results. the short root in the mutants was controlled by a single locus recessive nuclear genes (srt1srt1), and the gene in RM1, RM2 was allelic. The application of srt1 gene to the rapid identification of hybrid rice seed purity was discussed.

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The Preliminary Study on the Primitive Type of Oryza rufipogon Griff. in China and Its Hsien-Keng Differentiation Wang Xiangkun,Cai Hongwei,Sun Chuanqing,Wang Zhenshan,Pang Hanhua 1994, 8(4): 205-210 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (394KB) ( )   A cluster of 571 strains of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) from 7 provinces of China, 27 strains from external nations, based on 10 morphological characters with isozyme analysis and ecological investigating the habitats of wild rice showed the Chinese common wild rice may be devided into perennial and annual groups and 7 types. The authors proposed the presence of annual wild rice in China and primitive type of Chinese common wild rice as well as the morphological and ecological characteristics of the ancester of Chinese cultivated rice. Furthermore, whether the wild rice in China differentiated into Hsien and Keng types was discussed based on analysis of four isozyme loci.

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Studies on the Wide Compatibility for Utilization of Heterosis between indica and japonica Rice Zhu Xudong,Wang Jianlin,Xiong Zhenmin,Yan Xueqiang 1994, 8(4): 211-216 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )   Screening for wide compatible varieties (WCVs) as well as studies on compatible range inheritance of WCVs were carried out during 1986-1992. The results indicated as followings:1) Most of WCVs could be obtained from cultivars introduced from America or lines derived from indica-japonica hybrid, such as T984, Jia 40, Pecos and L201. 2)The compatible range of WCVs was different from each other, T984, Jia 40, Nekkon 1 and Chugoko (No.) 91 possessed wider compatible range than Zhongzuo 180 and Dourada Precoce. usually called as specific line. 3) The genetic performance of the wide compatibility varied in WCVs studied and tester used. The wide compatibility of Nekkon 1 (Nanjing 11 and 76-27B used as indica and japonica testers was controlled by single gene Sn5 , having 4.71% recombination value with gene C located on chromosome 6; while the wide compatibility of Pecos and L201 (Nanjing 11 and Akihikari used as testers) was controlled by a major gene linked with gene C as well as modified by minor genes; however, the wide compatible gene in T984 (Fu 8-1 and Akihikari used as testers) was independent of gene C. in addition, the wide compatibility of F2 plants originating from WCVs / japonica tester was related with the average seed-setting rate of their F3 lines.

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Application of RCSODS in Extending New Rice Varieties Jin Zhiqing,Gao Liangzhi,Huang Yao,Chen Hua 1994, 8(4): 217-222 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (446KB) ( )   One of the eight subsystems of RCSODS developed by the authors, Assessing Climatic Suitability for Rice Variety and Decision-making for a Large area was introduced in detail in the presented paper. The approach of constructing idea, principles in modeling, as well as programming designs for developing the subsystem were described, the authors finally discussed its application in extending new rice varieties.

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The Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Bioassays of Secondary Volatiles from Rice Varieties Susceptible and Resistant to the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacide) Hu Guowen,Liang Tianxi,Liu Guangjie,Lou Xiaohua,Ma Jufa,Wu Yuansheng,Tang Jian 1994, 8(4): 223-230 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (483KB) ( )   The rice plants of susceptible variety TN1 and resistant varieties Rathu Heenati (RHT). IR64 and Nabeshi to the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, were extracted using a device of steam distillation-simultaneous extraction with diethyl ether. The oily extracts were obtained through further extraction and condensation of steam distillates and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytical results indicate that the core position of 36 secondary volatiles among 64 detected compounds was 9 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 7 ketones, 4 esters, 3 hydrocarbons. 2 acids, 1 olefin and heterogeneous ring compound. The volatile chemicals with larger quantities were 2-hexenal, irisone, trans-hexenol, phytol, 3.5.5-trimethyl-3-cyclohexadien-1-ol and methyl salicylate. The two-choice tests or S. furcifera on TN1 plants treated with steam distillates extracts (SDE) indicate that the preference of S. furcifera to SDE of both resistant and susceptible varieties did not differ significantly. The tests of S. furcifera orientation by an olfactometer reveals that phenacyl alcohol and hexenal attracted significantly more in insects than check acetone. S. furcifera excreted significantly more honeydew on the untreated TN1 and TN1 plants treated with acetone and SDE of TN1 than on TN1 plants treated with SDEs of Nabeshi and IR64. S. furcifera ingested less from the nutritional solution incorporated with SDEs and the selected volatiles than from nutritional solution alone. The SDE of resistant RHT possessed the strongest antifeeding effect to S. furcifera following by β-irisone and hexenal.

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The Relationship between Rice Leaf Color and Occurrence of Rice Diseases and Insects and Its Mechanism Wu Lianghua,Zhu Zengrong 1994, 8(4): 231-235 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   The mechanism relationship between rice leaf color and diseases was discribed in this paper. Sheath blight(Thanatephorus cucumeris), bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae), brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens(Stal) and whitebacked planthopper [Sogatella furcifera(Horvath)] were selected to infest the different leaf color grade of rice population established by nitrogenous fertilizer application level in the experiments. The results showed that the damage caused by these diseases and insects in rice with dark-colored leaves were significantly greater than that in light-colored leaves. The occurrence could be explained in two aspects: On the one hand, amount of nitrogenous compound in lower molecular weight and net photosynthetic rate in creased with increasing color grade of the leaf, but carbon and nitrogen ratio(C/N) decreased, which might supply diseases and insects a good nutrient condition. On the other hand, rapidly increasing tillers of rice in dark-colored leaf created a crowded population, which might supply diseases and insects a suitable growth environment. The technique of nitrogenous fertilizer application according to rice leaf color was an effective measure for supplying seasonable nitrogenous nutrition for high yield and supressing both diseases and insect pests.

研究简报

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Micrpspore Development of a Interspecific Hybrid F2 Nonsegregated Rice Line Zhao Shixu,Ling Zuming,Du Zhong 1994, 8(4): 236-238 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (214KB) ( )   Rice 603 is a line derived from an interspecific hybridization Oryza sativa/O. longistaminata. There was no segregation in F3 of this line. Line 461 is a descendant of a compound cross of 603 with a F1, and no segregation was found since F2. The nonsegregation of these two lines suggested the possibility of apomixis in their embryo development. The adventitious embryos were found in less than 10% of the examinated pistils of 603 and 461. There were abnormal numbers of bivalents in diakinesis of the PMCs: 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 bivalents instead of 12. Micronucleus were observed in tetrads, microspores and in mature pollen grains of both 603 and 461 lines. It seems reasonable to suppose that the abnormal sperms induce the parthenogenesis of egg cell during self-pollination in both 603 and 461 lines.

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Study on the Enhancement of Uptake and Utilization of 6-BA in Rice Seedling Leaves by Surfactant He Guozhen,Pan Ruichi 1994, 8(4): 239-242 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (145KB) ( )   The 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) solution alone or in combination with surfactant "Yue Fu No. 2" (YF-2) were applied to rice seedlings. YF-2 significantly decreased the surface tension and contact angle, and increased the wetting power of 6-BA solution, hence YF-2 enhanced the absorption and the uptake of 3H-6-BA in rice seedling leaves. 6-BA+YF-2 treatment effectively retarded the degradation of chlorophyll in the dark, maintained a higher photosynthetic rate during senescence. Moreover, YF-2 had a function of rain-fastness, reducing the amount of 6-BA to washed away by rain. The optimal concentration of YF-2 is 200 mg /L, which could decrease the amount of 6-BA needed by slightly more than one third and reduce the production cost also.

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Effect of Potassium Deficient Stress on Respiratory Metabolism of Hybrid Rice Genotype Shen Weiqi,Chen Jianrong 1994, 8(4): 243-246 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (163KB) ( )   Comparative experiments between hybrid rice genotype Weiyou 35 (tolerant to potassium deficient stress) and Shanyou 6 (sensitive to potassium deficiency) were conducted to study the effect of potassium deficient stress on respiratory metabolism. The results indicated that respiratory rate of leaves of Weiyou 35 and Shanyou 6 had different change models. The respiratory rate of Weiyou 35 kept stable before booting stage, but that of Shanyou 6 increased rapidly. With prolonging of deficient stress, the respiratory rates of both genotypes increased. Potassium deficient stress also resulted in changes of respiratory metabolism pathways. When the respiratory rate of Weiyou 35 was stable, the TCAC activity of Weiyou 35 was stronger than that of Shanyou 6. The inhibiting effect of indoacetate (1 mmol /L) counted for 69.80%-72.16% of total respiratory rate and no significant effect of potassium deficient stress existed between potassium treatments in Weiyou 35, but counted for 28.17%-42.72% and reduced by potassium deficient stress in Shanyou 6. The participation degree of respiratory electron flux through cytochrome pathway of Weiyou 35 was higher than that of Shanyou 6. Potassium deficient stress would reduced cytochrome path way role and increased alternative pathway participation degree. When respiratory rates of both genotypes are increased significantly, the contribution of TCAC of both genotypes was higher than that in early stage. The inhibiting effect of indoacetate counted for 91.35%-97. 86% of total respiratory rate, but EMP contribution was seriously decreased by potassium deficiency. Increase of the alternative pathway and residual respiration of Weiyou 35 by stress was less than that of Shanyou 6. PPP activity of Weiyou 35 was always lower than that of Shanyou 6. It is suggested that genotype tolerant to potassium deficiency had its characteristics in respiratory metabolism.

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Evaluation for Resistance of the Interspecific Somatic Rice Hybrids to Nilaparvata lugens: Using the Tiller Seedbox Screening Technique (TSST) Fu Qiang,Chen Wei,Zhang Zhitao 1994, 8(4): 247-249 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (119KB) ( )   The standard seedbox screening technique (SSST) was unsuitable to evaluate the resistance of the interspecific somatic rice hybrids to N. lugens. A tiller seedbox screening technique (TSST) was therefore established, which was different from SSST as follows: 1) instead of the seeds, the tillers, about 25 cm high, of the regenerated plants and the checks (IR26, ASD7, TN1) were planted in a seedbox; 2) the plants were infested with 1- to 3-day-old adults rather than the nymphs of N. lugens (0.2 female per tiller, female:male=1:1.2-1.5) when the plants survived. The results showed that TSST is suitable for evaluating the resistance of the interspecific somatic rice hybrids to N. lugens.

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A Study on the Exudate of Antibiotic Bacterium 91(JK-91-b) against Thanatephorus cucumeris Caused Rice Sheath Blight Chen Zhiyi,Gao xiantin,Chen Yulin,Yin Shangzhi 1994, 8(4): 250-252 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (117KB) ( )   As Thanatephorus cucumeris and JK-91-b (the exudate of antibiotic bacterium 91) solution were dual spotted on PDA plate, antagonistic band with 10.7 mm in width appeared. the JK-91-b inhibited the growth of T. cucumeris, and its hyphal development became irregular and sclerotial formation was delayed. The pathogenicity of mycelia and sclerotia were reduced when treated by JK-91-b. Sheath blight severity was reduced significantly when JK-91-b was sprayed on rice plants ahead and then untreated mycelia or sclerotia were inoculated. The control effect of JK-91-b was 45.1%.