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10 January 2000, Volume 14 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
研究简讯
研究报告
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综述与专论


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研究报告

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Isolation and Cloning of a Candidate Elongation Related Gene in Rice Induced by GA3 Mo Xiaorong,Dong Haitao,Wu Yuliang,He Zuhua,Li Debao 2000, 14(1): 1-5 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (205KB) ( )   Gene expression patterns in rice elongation induced by GA3 were investigated by using mRNA differential display technique. From 100 combinations of anchor and arbitrary primers, twenty one GA3 induced cDNA fragments were obtained. One of them was sequenced and shown to encode extensin like protein. Quantitative PCR confirmed that the expression of GA15b was induced by GA3. Southern blot analysis indicated that the GA15b was a multicopy gene.

研究简讯

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Evaluation of Resistance to Bacterial Blight of Introgression Lines Derived from Wild Species of Oryza Yang Shulan,Yang Huijie,Zhang Qingqi,Yang Rencui 2000, 14(1): 6-6 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (100KB) ( )

研究报告

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Cytological Mechanism of Pollen Abortion in Photoperiod Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line Peiai 64S in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(in English) Feng Jiuhan,Lu Yonggen,Liu Xiangdong 2000, 14(1): 7-14 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (767KB) ( )   By using the methods of semi thin and thin section, the process of pollen development was comparatively studied in Peiai 64S, a photoperiod temperature sensitive genic male sterile line (PTGMS) and IR36, a fertile cultivar in rice. The development of Peiai 64S and IR36 did not differ up to microsporocyte formation stage; but since meiosis stage, male reproductive cells of Peiai 64S underwent several structural changes and ultimately terminated by early bicellular stage. These abnormal changes mainly occurred at two stages: (1) at meiotic prophase, almost half of Peiai 64S microsporocytes exhibited aberration, with sparse free ribosomes, underdeveloped mitochondria and many swollen endoplasmic reticula. These abnormal cells became dramatically vacuolated and hereafter disintegrated completely at later stage. (2) After the early uninucleate stage, nearly all of Peiai 64S microspores possessed malfunctional exine that was deviod of electron transparent region between sexine and nexine, and no intine was established. But, the development and disintegration of tapetum in Peiai 64S resembled those of IR36. The results proposed that the abnormalities of microsporocytic cytoplasm or pollen exine, rather than the tapetal development caused the pollen abortion of Peiai 64S.

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A Preliminary Study on Resources of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight Chen Zongxiang,Zou Junhuang,Xu Jingyou,Tong Yuhui,Tang Shuzhu,Wang Zibin,Jiang Rimin,Ling Bing,Tang Jin,Pan Xuebiao 2000, 14(1): 15-18 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (120KB) ( )   A two year field test of inoculation for introduced resources of resistance to rice sheath blight was done on the experimental farm of Yangzhou University from 1996 to 1997. The other characters of the resources were investigated in 1998. Highly significant differences in sheath blight resistance level were showed among the resources and between them and susceptible check. The interaction of variety×year was not significant. Correlation coefficients between resistance and plant height (including characters related to plant type), and between resistance and heading date were also not significant. The results indicated that resistance to sheath blight was a really inheritable character. Most of the sources had the same expression of resistance both in China and the United States. Furthermore, most of them were semidwarf varieties or even extended cultivars, which possessed good agronomic and economic characters. Rice breeders may prefer using them to traditional resources of resistance.

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Critical Temperature and the Thermo sensitive Phase of Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice Gong Huiming,He Haohua,Liu Yibai,Zeng Hanlai 2000, 14(1): 19-23 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (121KB) ( )   By using phytotron, critical temperature and the thermo sensitive phase of Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice were studied under artificial conditions. The results showed that critical temperature of the fertility alteration induced by high temperature in homozygous sterile plant and heterozygous sterile plant of Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice were between 27℃ and 28℃. It indicated that temperature sensitivity of Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice had no effect of doses of dominant sterile gene. The thermo sensitive phase fertility alteration in Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice occurred from pollen mother cell formation to meiotic phase, i.e. 18-12 days before heading. The practical utilization of Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice was also discussed.

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Relationship between Source Quality and Grain Yield during Filling Period in Rice and its Nitrogen Regulation Approach Feng Weizhu,Su Zufang,Du Yonglin,Zhou Peinan,Ji Chunmei 2000, 14(1): 24-30 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (163KB) ( )   Taking a medium season japonica variety Wuyujing 3 and a medium season hybrid rice Shanyou 63 as experimental materials, the populations with different percentages of panicle bearing tillers and stems were formed by different planting density and N fertilizer applying treatment. The relationship between source quality at heading stage and its influencing factors were studied.For rice population with high grain yield, at heading stage, LAI was appropriate, rate of effective leaf area was high, rate of highly effective leaf area is from 75% to 78%. And during filling period, photosynthetic potential is higher than 2.10×10 6 m2·d,photosynthetic potential|grain ratio was higher than 47 cm2·d/spikelet. Photosynthetic potential|grain ratio(ratio of photosynthetic potential after heading versus the total quantity of spikelets) reflected the developing relationship dynamically of source|sink after heading, it is a better indication for source and sink quality during period of economic yield formation. Under conditions of these experiments, applying panicle fertilizer and so on based on the appropriate leaf area at heading stage would be effective measures for reducing the declining rate of leaf area, increasing the photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic potential grain ratio, and obtaining further higher grain yield.

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Genotype×Environment Interaction and Its Relationship to Climate Factors in Rice Regional Trial Shen Xihong,Yang Shihua,Xie Fuxian,Wang Lei 2000, 14(1): 31-36 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (191KB) ( )   The data of South China early maturity group of indica rice in China's southern rice regional trial in 1997 was analyzed with AMMI models and corresponding biplots. The genotypes and environments(G×E) interaction correlation analysis with external climate factors were given, and the varieties with large positive interaction were identified. The findings indicated that location main effect are significantly positively correlated with radiation during rice seedling stage and rainfall during heading and filling stage. Temperature was the leading climate factor, while rainfall in July was the second one, affecting G×E interaction.

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Seed Bank of Weeds in Paddy Fields Wu Jinglun,Zhou Hengchang 2000, 14(1): 37-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (129KB) ( )   Seed bank of weeds in rice wheat rotation fields in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province was investigated. The result showed that there were 22 species of weeds, belonging to 11 families, which mainly distributed in 0-10 cm depth soil in the fields. The origin, loss and accumulation of weed seeds were discussed. Effects of soil depth, water content and lowland and upland crop rotation on the seed bank of weeds in the paddy fields were also observed. Strategies to decrease the seed occurrence of weed were given.

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Some Physiological Changes of Rice Plants Infested by the White Backed Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Chen Jianming,Yu Xiaoping,Ge Xiuchun,Lu Zhongxian,Cheng Jia’an,Yan Honglan,Liu Guangjie,Zheng Xusong,Tao Linyong,Kong Lingjun 2000, 14(1): 43-47 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (174KB) ( )   Physiological response of rice plants infested by the white backed planthopper(Sogatella furcifera)(WBPH) was carried out. The results showed that after rice plants were infested by WBPH, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll contents in leaves of susceptible rice varieties (TN1 and Shanyou 63) declined obviously compared to those of resistant rice variety (N22); activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased and of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) decreased in susceptible rice varieties, but activity of SOD and POD went up, CAT went down in resistant rice variety N22. In the body of susceptible rice varieties, except for Ala, other free amino acid contents increased, especially Asp, Thr, Val, Met increased rapidly. In resistant rice variety, contents of Asp, Val also increased obviously, but ones of Thr, Met and Ala decreased significantly.

研究简报

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Effect of Oryza sativa×Pennisetum alopecuroides Huang Qunce 2000, 14(1): 48-50 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (113KB) ( )   In crossing of the 8 autotetraploidy rices (Oryza sativa, 2n=4x=48), APIV (4) , IR36 (4) , Zixuedao (4) , Ce 64 (4) , Minghui 63 (4) , IR28 (4) , Ce 90 (4) and Gui 99 (4) used as the females, with Pennisetum alopecuroides (2n=2x=18) used as the males, the seeds were obtained, but no seed was got in the crosses of the 3 diploidy rices (Oryza sativa, 2n=2x=24), APIV (2) , Ce 90 (2) and Zixuedao (2) used as the females, with Pennisetum alopecuroides (the males). The pollen grains of the male induced some of the ovaries in the caryopses of the females to inflate obviously after the pollination. The inflating effect in the autotetraploidy rices was more obvious than in the diploidy rices. In the crosses of the autotetraploidy rices used as the females, some seeds could be got, but more seeds were obtained in these crosses by the special treatment that the DH solution was put into the caryopses before the pollination. It is suggested that autotetraploidy rices are better females in the distant hybridization due to the fact that they are weaker in sexually reproductive ability.

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Synergistic Action of the Combination of Uniconazol and Triadimefon on the Growth of Rice Seedling and Its Mechanisms Tang Risheng,Zhang Dadong,Guo Shiwei,Tong Hongyu 2000, 14(1): 51-54 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (191KB) ( )   Soaking seed and spraying rice seedling with uniconazol both can regulate rice seedling growth efficiently, and lower the plant height and increase the number of tillers as the result. In the same methods, to apply triadimefon also can be partly effective. Furthermore, when the mixture of uniconazol and triadimefon were applied together in this way, the control over the seedling height and the increase in the number of tillers were significant by comparison. At the same time, the endogenous hormones in rice seedling which have been applied uniconazol changed obviously in contrast with control. The content of GA S and IAA has decreased markedly, and the content of iPAs and ABA has increased obviously. In this experiment, the triadimefon has no efficient effects on seedling endogenous hormones, but the cooperative effects of uniconazol and triadimefon on endogenous hormones have been strengthened significantly compared with the single treatment of uniconazol or triadimefon. In the light of the relationship between the cooperative regulation of uniconazol or uniconazol and triadimefon on the growth of rice seedling and the changes of the endogenous hormones, It is concluded that the significant decrease of the content of GAS and IAA and increase of the amount of iPAs and ABA were the mechanism of the cooperative regulation of uniconazol or uniconazol and triadimefon on the growth of rice seedling.

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Dynamic Characteristics of Phosphorus in Surface Water of Paddy Field and Its Potential Environmental Impact Zhang Zhijian,Wang Ke,Zhu Yinmei,Wang Guanghuo,Shi Danchao 2000, 14(1): 55-57 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (127KB) ( )   The dynamic characteristics of phosphorus(P) in surface water of paddy field and its potential environmental impact were studied by the independent irrigation field experiment with different P fertilizer applied rates and two compositions of P application. The results showed that P concentration in surface water were elevated due to P fertilizer application. Both total P and dissolved P reached 0.201-1.301 mg/kg and 0.058-0.926 mg/kg in the first water samples (7 days after P applied) respectively. Under the same P fertilizer applied rate, compared with mineral P fertilizer only, the measurement of integrated supplies mineral fertilizer and organic hog manure could significantly increased P content in surface water. Within the week of first water sampling, the difference of total P concentration between the two compositions of P application was about 3.85-1.89 times, however, this difference decreased with time past and finally reached the same level. Any drainage from paddy field would be considered to induce nearby waters eutrophication. In view of P loss minimizing, P loss potential from surface water in paddy field would be greater when field drainage was conducted in the first week of irrigation after P fertilizer applied or the period of field rake. In addition, P fertilizer should not be applied in the rainy season.

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A Method for Selecting Locations in Rice Cultivar Trials Fan Longjiang,Hu Binming,Xu Dexin 2000, 14(1): 58-60 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (186KB) ( )   The AMMI model was used to select locations for rice cultivar trials with parameter D j which was got from the environmental value of significant IPCA. The results indicated that the location with low D j value has little genotype×environment interactions. When four locations with the lowest D j value was deleted from 15 locations of Zhejiang Province early rice regional trial, the square sum of genotype×environment interactions just lost 10.87%.

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Possible Approaches to Improve Rice Heterosis Wu Xiaojin 2000, 14(1): 61-64 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (123KB) ( )   The yield potential of hybrid rice has stagnated. A feasible approach to enhance the yield level of hybrid rice is to broaden the genetic diversity between the parents for the further improvement of heterosis level. It may be expected that the yield potential can be greatly improved through developing“super high yielding population ideotype”,pyramiding heterosis QTLs existing in different rice groups or ecotypes by molecular marker assisted reciprocal recurrent selection and exploring and utilizing distant heterosis QTLs existing in wild rice species by molecular marker analysis.