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10 January 2002, Volume 16 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
实验技术
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研究报告

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DNA Polymorphism of Main Restorer Lines of Hybrid Rice in China LIU Shu,CHENG Hui,WANG Fei,ZHU Ying-guo 2002, 16(1): 1-5 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (265KB) ( )   The RAPD analysis was conducted on the main 31 restorer lines of hybrid rice in China. Out of 48 random primers, 9 primers were screened, then amplified the 31 genomic DNAs. Seventy-eight RAPD fragments were generated in all, 61 of them were polymorphic markers. Every primer offered 8.7 markers on average. The molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by UPMGA method showed the genetic relationship among 31 restorer lines, which was identical with pedigree analysis.

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Genetic Dissection of Grain Weight and Its Related Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) XU Jian-long ,XUE Qing-zhong ,LUO Li-jun ,LI Zhi-kang 2002, 16(1): 6-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (142KB) ( )   The genetic mechanism underlying the relationship between grain weight and its six component traits (grain length, grain width, grain thickness, length/width, grain volume and grain density) in rice was dissected using 292 F13 RILs and a complete linkage map with 272 markers. The RILs showed tremendous transgressive segregation for all traits studied. Grain weight was positively correlated with all other grain traits. Significant negative associations existed between grain width, thickness and grain density, which could be associated with grain quality. Forty-eight main-effect QTLs and 38 epistatic QTL pairs affecting these traits were identified, collectively explaining over 55% of the total variation of individual traits. More than 80% QTLs tended to have pleiotropism or physiological associations. QGl3 and QGl2 had indirect impacts on grain weight via grain volume, at which the Lemont alleles were beneficial for the improvement of grain quality. The Teqing alleles at QGw5, QGt1 and QGv7 increased grain weight but had inverse impacts on grain quality and grain density. Improvement for grain weight as well as grain quality would be practical by recombination of different QTLs using marker-assisted selection.

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QTL Analysis of Chalkiness Size in Three Dimensions ZENG Da-li ,QIAN Qian ,RUAN Liu-qing ,TENG Sheng ,Kunihiro YASUFUMI ,Fujimoto HIROSHI ,ZHU Li-huang 2002, 16(1): 11-14 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   A doubled haploid population, derived from anther culture of F1 hybrid between a typical indica cv. Zhaiyeqing 8 and a japonica cv. Jingxi 17, has been used in this study. The chalkiness sizes of transverse section, flank section and belly section, were investigated in 127 DH lines with video microscopy and computer image analysis technique. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the size of chalkiness were analysed. A total of nine QTLs were detected in five intervals of three chromosomes, including three QTLs for transverse section, three QTLs for flank section and three QTLs for belly section. The directions of additive effect of QTLs for three sections were identical, and the intervals and peak of LOD on three chromosomes were overlapping, some of them were uniform. The application value of video microscopy and computer image analysis technique in rice chalkiness analysis were discussed.

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Mapping of a New Gene Wbph6(t) Resistant to Whitebacked Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera Horvath) in Rice MA Liang-yong,ZHUANG Jie-yun,LIU Guang-jie,MIN Shao-kai,LI Xi-ming * 2002, 16(1): 15-18 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (142KB) ( )   An rice population consisting of 90 F3 lines from TN1/Guiyigu was employed to analyze linkage between DNA markers and a new gene Wbph6(t) conferring resistance to the whitebacked planthopper. Using the mapping approach of bulked extremes and recessive class, Wbph6(t) was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 11 of rice, with a genetic distance of 21.2 cM to SSLP marker RM167.

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Analysis on Heterosis and Combining Ability for Root Activity and Its Declined Properties in Indica Hybrid Rice CAO Shu-qing,DENG Zhi-rui,ZHAI Hu-qu,TANG Yun-lai,HAN Guo-biao,ZHANG Rong-xian,SHENG Sheng-lan,GONG Hong-bing,YANG Tu-nan 2002, 16(1): 19-23 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (134KB) ( )   The heterosis and combining ability of root activity and its declined properties in indica hybrid rice were investigated by way of 4×4 incomplete diallel cross design with four sterile lines and four restorer lines. The results showed that hB2 in root activity and its declined value was higher than 85 percentage, suggesting that they may be used as the indexes of selecting excellent root in rice breeding. The estimates of both combing ability (GCA and SCA) variances were highly significant for two traits, showing root activity and declined value existed for both additive and non-additive effects, but the former was affected mainly by non-additive effect, while the latter mainly by additive effect. Longtefu A and Zhenhui 048 had higher GCA and larger variance values of SCA, which implies that they can be utilized as superior parents in rice breeding. The mean heterosis of root activity and declined value were positive (it was excellent for the negative mean heterosis of the latter), showing it was difficult to improve root physiological activity trait, but the quality hybrid might be obtained because of the difference among crosses.

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cDNA Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Genome Segment S10 from Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus ZHANG Heng-mu ,CHEN Jian-ping ,XUE Qing-zhong ,LEI Juan-li 2002, 16(1): 24-28 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (224KB) ( )   Genome segment S10 of a Zhejiang isolate of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV-Zj) was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. It consisted of 1801 nt (EMBL accession number is AJ297433) with only one open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide with molecular weight of 63.1 kD. Sequence comparison showed 93.8% and 96.2% homology at level of nucleotide and amino acid sequences between RBSDV-Zj and Japanese isolate (RBSDV-Jap), respectively;and shared 87.1% and 92.0% homology at level of nucleotide and acid sequences between RBSDV-Zj and Italian MRDV, respectively.

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Ultrastructural Studies on the Developmental Process of Pollen and Anther in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) LU Yong-gen *,FENG Jiu-huan,LIU Xiang-dong,XU Xue-bing 2002, 16(1): 29-37 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (515KB) ( )   The whole development of pollen,from the archesporial cell to mature tricellular pollen, was precisely studied at the ultrastructural level in IR36 (Oryza sativa L.). Some ultrastructural features were observed: (1) During meiosis, the microsporocytic cytoplasm presented "cytoplasm reorganization". This phenomenon appeared to faciliate the transfer from the sporophyte to gemetophyte. (2) At late tetrad stage, some deposits of wall were observed on the plasma membrane of tetrad cells. Up to early microspore stage, pre-exine began to develop. Then,the exine rapidly developed,and was essentially completed by late microspore stage. (3)At the middle microspore stage, the intermembrane space of microspore nuclear membrane expanded into a large "bubble", which was a universal phenomenon at this developmental stage. (4) Degeneration of tapetal cytoplasm began at the meiotic prophase(leptotene).The cytoplasm of tapetal cells took place dramatic changes at the ultrastructural level and the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm underwent highly active: when microsporocyte just formed, endoplasmic reticulum was sparse; following meiosis, endoplasmic reticulum population rapidly increased; Up to the middle microspore stage, there were a amount of endoplasmic reticulum. These changes reflected that endoplasmic reticulum may play a major role in the degenerating tapetum. (5)At the mature pollen stage, the wall of the middle layer and the inner tangential wall of the tapetum still remained and folded into a "compound wall" structure.

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Physiological Model of Super Hybrid Rice Xieyou 9308 WANG Xi,TAO Long-xing,YU Mei-yu,HUANG Xiao-lin 2002, 16(1): 38-44 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (260KB) ( )   Physiological traits of super high yielding hybrid rice Xieyou 9308 and high yielding hybrid rice Xieyou 63 were compared. It was observed that Xieyou 9308 has two apical dominance: one is "stem (tiller) growth apical dominance" during vegetative stage, and the other is "inter-grain apical dominance" during grain filling stage. This is the physiological characteristics and basis of high yield of Xieyou 9308. Based on the results, the "physiological model" for Xieyou 9308 is hypothesized. This "physiological model" includes "single stem (tiller) dry matter production superiority basis" with "two apical dominance" as a physiological frame of Xieyou 9308, i.e. (1) high dry matter productivity. Total dry weight of single plant is about 120 g. Plant maintains high productivity after heading, and the dry matter accumulated after heading contributes more than 40% of the total. (2) Stem apical dominance during vegetative stage. The apical dominance is obvious soon after transplanting . The effective tillering finished within two weeks after transplanting. The average panicle-forming rate is more than 65%. (3) Inter-grain apical dominance during grain filling stag. The vigorous spikelets have higher filling potential and reach peak value at two weeks after heading, and the higher filling potential will maintain for a certain period. Filling process of inferior spikelets is laggard, and have an increasing filling potential until maturity as the high transport intensity of the stem and the function leaf senesces slowly at yellow maturity. The yield target of this super hybrid rice model is 11-12 t/hm2.

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Comparative Study on Submergence Tolerance Between Hybrid Rice and Conventional Rice Varieties LI Yang-sheng ,LI Shao-qing ,LI Da-mo ,LI Zhen-sheng 2002, 16(1): 45-51 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (151KB) ( )   Based on some traits related to growth development and yield components, hybrid rice and conventional rice varieties(CRV) were investigated comparatively under complete submergence or deepwater stress at tillering and booting stages. It had been shown that the yield per plant of hybrid rice was significantly higher than that of CRV, which resulted from more rapid growth development, higher tillers no. per plant, lower relative damage percent(RDP) of effective panicles in hybrid rice under deepwater stress. Compared with CRV, hybrid rice had better tolerance ability, higher survival and more rapid recovery growth from adverse stress under complete submergence stress at tillering stage; and moreover, hybrid rice had much higher effective panicle percent, very significantly lower RDP of grains per panicle and seed setting rate, which resulted in lower yield reduction after maturation. However, the differences of all traits investigated for economic yield between hybrid rice and CRV were not significant under complete submergence at booting stage.

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Comparative Study on Evaluation Methods for Resistance to Rice Planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in Rice LIU Guang-jie ,FU Zhi-hong ,SHEN Jun-hui ,ZHANG Ya-hui 2002, 16(1): 52-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (129KB) ( )   Six newly-developed rice varieties in different types (indica, japonica and hybrid rice) were evaluated to determine the level of resistance to the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) by using the following methods: mass seedling (2-3 leaf stage) screening test, caged individual seedling (2-3 leaf stage) test, caged individual seedling (7-8 leaf stage) test, honeydew measurement and nymphal period. The results indicate that the majority of the tested rice varieties had same or similar reaction to N. lugens and S. furcifera at 2-3 and 7-8 leaf seedling stage regardless to rice type and varietal susceptibility. However, the resistant level in a few of rice varieties increased along with the increase of plant age. The reaction of these two planthoppers to test varieties in honeydew measurement and seedling screening tests were similar. The corresponding relation of honeydew area and resistance grade can be expressed as 0-100.0 mm2/(female·d) ≈ grade 0-3, 100.1-200.0 mm2/(female·d) ≈ grade 5, >200.1 mm2/(female·d) ≈ grade 7-9. It can be summarized that resistance evaluation is made at tillering stage rather than at seedling stage, better reflecting the resistance level of rice varieties at late stage. Mass screening test and honeydew measurement are quick, easy and correct evaluation methods for resistance to rice planthoppers.

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Histochemical and Ultrastructural Demonstration of Peroxidase Activity During Infection of Rice by Magnaporthe grisea YANG Min-he ,ZHENG Zhong ,Jan E. LEACH 2002, 16(1): 57-62 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (282KB) ( )   Active oxygen species (AOS) and peroxidase are believed to involve in many important processes in plants in general and in plant-pathogen interaction in particular. Using DAB (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) staining method, the subcellular localization of H2O2 and peroxidase in the inner epidermal cells of rice leaf sheaths infected with compatible and incompatible races of Magnaporthe grisea were detected successfully. DAB staining was detected at the wounding, guard cells and penetration sites of M. grisea. Compared with compatible interaction, H2O2 and peroxidase accumulated quickly at the fungal penetration sites in incompatible interaction during initial stage of infection. An increase in the level of H2O2 and peroxidase activities in the incompatible interaction was also observed. Histochemical analysis of peroxidase distribution by electron microscopy revealed a striking, highly localized increase in peroxidase activities in the cell wall, plasma membrane, vesicle membrane and around invading hyphae of M. grisea in the penetrated host cells. However, the accumulation of peroxidase activities was delayed and at a much lower level in the penetrated host cells in compatible interaction.

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Biological Control of Rice Sheath Blight with Trichoderma and Thichoderma-like TANG Jia-bin,MA Bing-tian,WANG Ling-xia,LI Ping,ZHENG Ai-ping,CHEN Hong 2002, 16(1): 63-66 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (175KB) ( )   A total of six mycetes antagonists to Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from rice straw and identified as Trichoderma and Trichoderma-like. In dial culture, Trichoderma and Trichoderma-like were obvious antagonism against R. solani. On PDA plate, the antagonistic result showed that the inhibition rate of T3 (antagonistic mycetes of T. aureoviride) was the highest, reaching 52.54%. The result of cellulase activities test showed T. hamatum>T. aureoviride>Gliocladium virens, but the result was different from that of antagonistic test. In field test it showed that the fungal strains had good antagonism against R. solani. The control effect of fungal strains mixture was 32.25%, and had good effects on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of rice plants.

实验技术

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A New Method for PCR Reaction from Alkali-Treated Rice Leaf Tissues WANG Xiu-feng,YANG Jian-bo,XIANG Tai-he,LI Li,NI Da-hu 2002, 16(1): 67-70 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (268KB) ( )   A new method for PCR reaction from a small quantity of rice leaf tissue with alkali-treated was presented, which can be applied either to identify genotype of rice variety and its purity, or to assist selection for molecular breeding. This method is rapid, simple and reliable, and only needs a small part of rice leaf tissue that does not damage the whole plant. It does not need high speed refrigerated centrifuge and the reagents for DNA extraction. Especially, it is more economic and effective for a large-scale PCR tests. Normally 300 samples can be processed within a day by this method.

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Improvement of AFLP Protocol for Silver-Staining in Rice ZHU Zheng-ge ,JIA Ji-zeng ,SUN Zong-xiu 2002, 16(1): 71-73 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (188KB) ( )   Using transgenic rice as materials, the technique of AFLP silver-staining protocol and some skills were specified, and excellent results were obtained.

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An Innovated Method for Research on Inheritance of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight and Its Verification CHEN Zong-xiang,ZOU Jun-huang,HAN Yue-peng,XU Jing-you,TONG Yun-hui,YU Heng-xiu,ZHANG Ya-fang,PAN Xue-biaoonclick="TPI_openwindow('/GRID/knowledgenet.aspx?sdb=CJFD&,sfield=%e%b%b%e%%%e%bd%c%e%%&,skey=PAN+Xue-biao++%ef%bc%Agricultural+College','knet','status=yes,scrollbars=yes,width=,height=')"> 2002, 16(1): 74-76 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (118KB) ( )   An innovated method for research on inheritance of resistance to rice sheath blight was presented,the system including new methods of inoculation,disease rating and period of time for assessment. The method of field experiment using permanent population for the research with repeat was also recommended. The system included moderate application of fertilizer and rational irrigation, too. A four-year verification test for this method system was done with F2 clonal population and RIL population,respectively. The test verified that results of the experiment were greatly repeated when the innovated method was used.

研究简报

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Improve the Character of Rice Plants Utilizing Potassium by Overexpressed Foreign Potassium Channel Genes YAN Wei-dong ,WANG Xiao-chang ,HE Si-jie ,TANG Li ,AN Zhi-zhuang ,TIAN Wen-zhong ,SHI Wei-ming ,CAO Zhi-hong 2002, 16(1): 77-79 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (186KB) ( )   The potassium channel genes (KAT1 and AKT1) were introduced into the rice (Zhonghua 8, Zhonghua 9, Zhonghua 13 and 8706) by using particle bombardment method. The molecular analysis confirmed the integration and expression of these genes in the transgenic rice plants. The results showed that transgenic plants have the high capacity of accumulating potassium in a pot cultural experiment with two different K levels.

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Endosperm Appearance Marker and Physical/Chemical Indicator of RVA Profile Combined-Assisted Selection for the Improvement of Eating Quality of Early Indica Rice WU Dian-xing,SHU Qing-yao,XIA Ying-wu 2002, 16(1): 80-82 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (121KB) ( )   Low appearance amylose content(AAC) variety Zhefu 504 was crossed with middle AAC variety IR64 to analyze the performance of AAC and endosperm appearance in the grains of their progeny. Four types of endosperm appearance i.e. milky white, mist, transparency, and mixture of them, were found, and they were corresponding closely to the four AAC levels, i.e. variants with obviously low AAC, Zhefu 504 type, IR64 type, and middle type between parents. The RVA analysis indicated that starch viscosity property of grains with various endosperm appearance were evidently different. Although having similar AAC, the individuals with transparent endosperm appearance were different obviously in starch viscosity property, only few superior lines had the similar RVA profile with good quality rice IR64. The results suggested that endosperm appearance and RVA profile could be used as physical/chemical marker-assisted selection in rice grain quality improvement to effectively manage AAC and starch viscosity property.

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Genotypic Difference in Potassium and Protein Content in Rice Grain LIU Jian-xiang,YANG Xiao-e,WU Liang-huan,YANG Yu-ai 2002, 16(1): 83-85 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (135KB) ( )   Field experiment was conducted with three rice genotypes differed in the tolerance to low potassium stress. The results showed that low potassium stress led to decreasing in the content of potassium and crude protein in milled rice grains. The content of potassium in hull was higher than that in milled rice grain; and was correlated significantly with that of crude protein in milled rice grains. The relative potassium content in milled rice or hull and crude protein content in milled rice was higher for the efficient genotype than that for the inefficient genotype.

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Genotypic Difference in N and K Accumulation under Different N Sources and K Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) LI Hua,YANG Xiao-e,LUO An-cheng 2002, 16(1): 86-88 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (118KB) ( )   Hydroponics experiment was carried out in greenhouse to study the accumulation and use efficiency of nitrogen and potassium in hybrid rice and its parent lines, and conventional rice supplied with three nitrogen resources, NO3-, NH4+, and NO3-+NH4+, and with three K supply levels.The results showed that nitrogen and potassium concentration and accumulation were different among four genotypes. Compared with conventional rice, hybrid rice had greater response to N sources at the high potassium level. The heterosis of hybrid rice is better demonstrated with NO3--N under high K supply level than either NH4+/NO3- or NH4+-N.

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The Bionomics of Biotype 2 Populations of Brown Planthopper Collected in Field and Domesticated in Greenhouse LU Zhong-xian ,YU Xiao-ping ,CHEN Jian-ming ,ZHENG Xu-song ,XU Hong-xing ,ZHANG Zhi-tao 2002, 16(1): 89-92 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   The bionomics of biotype 2 population of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stal, was compared between BPH population continuously reared on rice resistant variety Mudgo and BPH population purified from paddy-field population collected in Guangxi Province, China. The results indicated that both populations could infest rice varieties Mudgo and IR26 bearing resistant gene Bph1, however, the biotype 2 population from field had higher virulence to rice variety ASD7 and IR36 with resistant gene bph2 than those from greenhouse. The biotype 2 population reared in greenhouse had longer nymphal duration than those from paddy field when they were caged on different rice resistant varieties. Both biotype 2 populations had the lowest nymphal survival, weight of female adult, fecundity, honeydew, net reproductive rate, and the longest nymphal duration on resistant variety ASD7. A significantly higher nymphal survival index and net reproductive rate were found on rice resistant variety IR26 in field population than those in greenhouse population. It is suggested that the variety IR26 should be as an optimal resistant rice variety to monitor the virulence of BPH population and evaluate the resistance of rice to BPH.

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Resistance of Xa21 Transgenic Hybrid Rice Shanyou 63 and Shanyou 559 to Bacterial Blight ZHOU Yong-li,ZHANG Qi,WANG Chun-lian,XING Quan-dang,ZHAI Wen-xue,PAN Xue-biao,ZHU Li-huang 2002, 16(1): 93-95 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (139KB) ( )   Seventy-three F1 population of Xa21 transgenic hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and 13 F1 population of Shanyou 559, which derived from the Xa21 transgenic homozygous restorer lines Minghui 63 and Yanhui 559 crossed with common used sterile line Zhenshan 97A, were inoculated with 12 international differential races and seven phathotypes in China to evaluate their levels of resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen. The results indicated that the transgenic hybrid combinations maintained broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight, and the resistance level was as the same as the Xa21 gene donor-Xa21 showed.

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Resistance Evaluation of New Rice Varieties (Lines) to Rice Blast in Jiangsu Province LIU Yong-feng ,LU Fan ,CHEN Zhi-yi ,JI Jian-an ,CHEN Yu-lin ,GAO Yuan 2002, 16(1): 96-98 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (126KB) ( )   The resistance of 335 rice varieties (lines) of Jiangsu Province to rice blast were evaluated in 1996-2000. The results showed the resistance to rice blast was higher in middle-season indica rice and indica hybrid rice, the resistance ratio to all tested races were 76.6% and 85.1% respectively. While the middle-season japonica rice and late-season japonica rice showed low, the resistance ratio to all tested races were 18.2% and 32.1% respectively. Most of middle-season indica rice and indica hybrid rice combinations were infected by only one isolate; While the middle-season japonica rice and late-season japonica rice were mainly infected by three isolates or more. It indicated that the resistance pedigree of the middle-season japonica and late-season japonica rice was narrow, and appearing diversity. The race ZG 1 kept a stable infection ratio to Jiangsu Province rice varieties.