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10 April 2002, Volume 16 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
研究简报
综述与专论


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研究报告

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Genotypic Analysis of Heading Time for Guichao 2 LUO Lin-guang,ZHAI Hu-qu,WAN Jian-min 2002, 16(2): 99-105 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (377KB) ( )   The genotype of heading time for Guichao 2, one of the main indica rice cultivars over the Yangtse River Reachs and Southern China in 1980’s, was analyzed via crossing with tester cultivars, Akihikari(e1e1e2e2e3e3Se-1eSe-1e),Koshihikari(E1E1E2E2e3e3Se-1eSe-1e), Nipponbare(E1E1e2e2e3e3Se-1Se-1) and Hinohikari(E1E1E2E2e3e3Se-1Se-1), of which the genotypes of heading time were well known. Results showed the genotype of heading time for Guichao 2 is E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1tSe-1t i-Se-1 i-Se-1. Se-1t is a new photoperiod sensitivity allele in Se-1 loci. The Se-1t could stimulate the photoperiod sensitivity of rice less than a strong photoperiod sensitivity allele Se-1n and Se-1u. These results were identified in Guichao 2 by crossing with QTL nearly isogenic lines: NIL(Hd1), NIL(Hd2) and NIL(Hd5).

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Hybrid Sterility among Near-Isogenic Lines Derived from Interspecific Hybrid Between Cultivated Rice Species Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima TAO Da-yun ,XU Peng ,HU Feng-yi ,YANG You-qiong ,LI Jing ,ZHOU Jia-wu ,Monty P. JONES 2002, 16(2): 106-110 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (215KB) ( )   In order to study genetic base of hybrid sterility of interspecific hybrid between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima, test crosses were made among Asian cultivated rice cultivar WAB56-104 and its 14 near isogenic lines derived from interspecific BC2 cross WAB56-104/CG14//WAB56-104///WAB56-104. Investigation of pollen and spikelet fertility of parents and hybrids indicated that there were three non allelic gamete eliminator loci and two pollen killer loci derived from O. glaberrima parent CG14 among the near isogenic lines, and at least two gamete eliminator loci are not reported before.

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Genetic Mode of bar Gene in Transgenic Rice WU Ming-guo,HUA Zhi-hua,LIN Jian-rong,HUANG Da-nian 2002, 16(2): 111-114 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (198KB) ( )   The inheritance study of transgenic plants from four varieties and their stable lines demonstrated that bar gene was integrated into rice nucleus genome as a dominant gene. The herbicide resistance of transgenic stable lines TR3, TR4, TR5 and TR6 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes, and the bar gene of the four transgenic stable lines is non allelic one another. The bar genes at different loci have gene interaction, which behaving as gene overlapping action. Result of Southern analysis indicated that the bar gene of TR5 and TR6 is non allelic, and the bar gene at different loci could be recombined into the same rice nucleus genome by cross breeding.

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The High Resistance and Its Inheritance of 94-42-5-1, a Source Derived from Oryza rufipogon to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens LI Rong-bai ,QIN Xue-yi ,WEI Su-mei ,HUANG Feng-kuan ,LI Qing ,LUO Shan-yu 2002, 16(2): 115-118 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (185KB) ( )   The characteristics and inheritance for resistance to brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (BPH) of 94-42-5-1, derived from Oryza rufipogon have been studied. Results showed that 94-42-5-1 had very high and broad spectrum resistance to BPH biotype 2, biotypes Pantnagar (India) and Cuulong (Vietnam). The latter two biotypes are highly virulent to rice. The line 94-42-5-1 was highly resistant to all the three BPH biotypes and higher than any other tested varieties with known resistance genes used. It is one of the high BPH resistance resources with AA genome. Inheritance analysis showed that the resistance of 94 42 5 1 to Cuulong biotype was conferred by two recessive genes with duplicate nature and one single recessive to Pantnagar biotype.

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Genetic Analysis of Root Vitality in Rice (Oryza sativa) TENG Sheng ,ZENG Da-li ,QIAN Qian ,KUNIHIRO Yasufumi ,FUJIMOTO Kan ,HUANG Da-nian ,ZHU Li-huang 2002, 16(2): 119-123 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (288KB) ( )   A doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of Zhaiyeqing 8 / Jingxi 17 F1, a typical indica and japonica hybrid, was used to detect root vitality by using TTC method at heading stage. Based on the constructed molecular linkage map, a QTL for root vitality was detected between RG449 and RG809 on chromosome 4 by using Mapmaker/QTL. Single gene effect and interaction QTLs were identified and tested by Epistat software. A single gene near RG809, two conditional interactions and four coadaptive interactions were identified for root vitality. These loci were on chromosome 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 11.

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Anther Culture and Inheritance of Dual-Purpose Genic Male Sterile Rice M2S with Morphological Marker ZHU Xu-dong,ZENG Da-li,SHI Hua-min,QIAN Qian,SUN Zong-xiu,MIN Shao-kai 2002, 16(2): 124-128 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (237KB) ( )   F1 of indica type dual purpose genic male sterile (DGMS) rice was used to anther culture. Some DH lines with pale green leaf marker developed from anther derived lines obtained from M2S/Pei’ai 64S cross were selected into growth chambers to study the sterile expression and fertile transformation of their responses to photoperiod and temperature. The difference of their responses to photoperiod and temperature was large among DH lines. Results included F 2 and BC 1 segregation indicated that when DGMS gene(s) was transferred from Nongken 58S of a japonica subspecies with sensitive to light to M2S of a indica DGMS line with weakly sensitive to light, DGMS line was controlled by two main recessive genes and modified clearly by minor genes. The character of pale green leaf was controlled by one gene. No linkage existed between DGMS genes and pgl gene. The conditions about researching on inheritance of DGMS genes, the effects of anther culture and actions of DGMS development are discussed.

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Transformation of glgC-TM Gene into Rice Mediated by Agrobacterium LIN Hong-sheng,HUA Zhi-hua,LI Na,GAO Yong,LU De-zhao,YAN Mei xian,QIAN Qian,HUA Ze-tian,SHAO Guo-jun,T.W.OKITA,HUANG Da-nian 2002, 16(2): 129-133 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (296KB) ( )   Some rice varieties were transformed with glgC-TM gene mediated by Agrobacterium.It was showed that hygromycin had a good selective effect on non transformed calli. During the transformation, it was not recommended to use mature embryos as explants and take native carbenicillin as antibiotics. Varieties and plasmids had little effects on the formation of hygromycin resistant calli and percentage of positive transformed plantlets. Results of PCR analysis in T 1 progenies indicated that a homozygous line could be obtained in T0 generation.

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Changes of Microtubule Pattern During the Megasporogenesis of Polyembryonic Rice Strain APⅣ ZHU Hong-liang,LIU Xiang-dong *,LU Yong-gen,FENG Jiu-huan 2002, 16(2): 134-140 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1034KB) ( )   Microtubule patterns during the megasporogenesis of polyembryonic rice strain APⅣ and normal monoembryonic rice variety IR36 were studied by using PEG preparation, immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. No difference in changes of microtubule patterns during megasporogenesis between APⅣ and normal variety IR36 was observed. Microtubules exhibited random array in archesporial cell, and became asymmetric distribution along micropyle chalazal end. A new microtubule array of "rotary sharpness" was found in the megasporocyte at leptotene. There were dramatic changes of microtubule distribution in the megasporocyte at diakinesis, which appeared a nuclear envelope associated MTOC (microtubule organizing center). Radical microtubules displayed around nuclear envelope of dyad and tetrad. Only a few random microtubules were observed in the megaspore.

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Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Senescence after Heading Stage in Two-Line Indica Hybrid Rice LI Yi-song ,HUANG Pi-sheng ,HUANG Zhong-qing ,DING Yan-feng 2002, 16(2): 141-145 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (280KB) ( )   A comparative study on the photosynthesis and senescence in two line and three line hybrid rice indicated that leaf senescence was associated with the decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and chlorophyll, soluble protein content, and the marked increase in malondialdehyde content. Significant differences were observed within the same kind of hybrid rice but not between the two kinds of hybrids, so did for the canopy photosynthetic rate of these hybrids. After heading stage, the canopy photosynthetic rate correlated positively with the dry matter production during ripening stage.

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Physiological Activities of Root System in Two Inter-subspecific Hybrid Rice Combinations SHEN Bo,WANG Xi 2002, 16(2): 146-150 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (258KB) ( )   Inter subspecific hybrid rice Ⅱyou 2070, Ⅱyou 419 and their restorer lines 2070 and Zhong 419 were used to analyze root system growth, root exudates and amount of root produced cytokinins during different growth stages. Results showed that hybrid rice combinations had root growth heterosis and strong root exudates, with higher zeatin content and total amount of cytokinins in root exudates than those of their restorer lines. Strong root activity in hybrid rice combinations was related to slow decrement in zeatin content and total amount of cytokinins.

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Effects of Phosphorus Levels on Hybrid Rice Growth and Characteristics of Phosphorus Transportation GUO Zhao-hui ,LI He-song ,ZHANG Yang-zhu ,HUANG Jian-liang ,HUANG Chang-yong 2002, 16(2): 151-156 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (263KB) ( )   By using nutrient solution culture and phosphorus isotope (32P) tracing, the effects of phosphorus levels on hybrid rice D-68 growth and absorption transportation trend of phosphorus were studied during different growth stages. The results showed that phosphorus is very important for growth of hybrid rice, especially in root growth, root activities and the dry weight accumulation of hybrid rice. Isotope 32P tracing had revealed that phosphorus accumulation and transportation in hybrid rice is mainly affected by the root activities and phosphorus concentrations. Further, at low and high P content, P accumulated in the roots with very little reaching the stems and leaves, suggesting reduced P transportation rates from root to upper parts. At abundant P content, P accumulated mainly in stems and leaves. As roots activities improving, the absorption and transportation from root to upper parts of P is increasing, obviously. The transportation of P is significantly related with metabolism and growth centers of hybrid rice, too. P is mainly distributed in stems and leaves in vegetative stages, and is transported from stems and leaves into spikelets in reproductive stage. It can be concluded that P transportation in plant is important for hybrid rice nutrition.

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Correlation Analysis Between Starch Characteristics and Taste Quality in Japonica Rice ZHANG Xiao-ming ,SHI Chun-hai ,Tomita KATSURA 2002, 16(2): 157-161 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (201KB) ( )   The relationships among amylose content (AC) , taste sense value, Taste Meter value and Rapid Visco Analyzer value (RVA) were studied. The results indicated that AC was negatively correlated with fragrance, adhesiveness and synthetic evaluation and positively correlated with appearance and hardness. There are no correlation between the value of the Taste Meter value and fragrance and hardness, but there are positive correlation between the Taste Meter value and appearance, adhesiveness and synthetic evaluation. The correlation coefficients between the highest adhesive, lowest adhesive, breakdown or gelatinization temperature of starch amylogram and those of RVA are 0.741 ** , 0.536 *, 0.469 * and 0.458 *, respectively.

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Mediations of Rice Volatiles on Intra-and Inter-specific Relationships of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)and Whitebacked Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) LIU Fang,LOU Yong-gen,CHENG Jia-an 2002, 16(2): 162-166 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (230KB) ( )   Mediations of volatiles on host plant selection by brown planthopper (BPH) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), and on intra and inter specific relationships of BPH and WBPH were studied using rice variety TN1. Results showed that volatiles of health rice attracted BPH and WBPH apparently. Volatiles emitted from rice sucked by one planthopper species for 12 h, attracted the other planthopper species, but it had no significant effect (attraction and deterrent) on conspecific planthopper. Both of the two species of planthoppers avoided sucked rice and preferred to health rice when the damage became seriously.

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Methods for Insect Raising and Insecticide Resistance Selection with Rice Planthoppers LIU Ze-wen,HAN Zhao-jun,ZHANG Ling-chun,WANG Yin-chang 2002, 16(2): 167-170 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (168KB) ( )   Experiment was carried out to select the method suitable for raising rice planthoppers in large quantity for insecticide resistance selection. Results showed that among the methods tested, seedling soilless cultured at 20-25℃ served the turn of raising large numbers of planthoppers. When various insecticide application methods were used, both the methods of topical treatment and spraying insecticides on seedlings together with planthoppers could speed up the development of resistance to methamidophos. For convenience, the later was recommended for the insecticide resistance selection with large population of planthoppers.

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Changes in Activities of Defense-Related Enzymes in Rice Resistance Induced by Benzothiadiazole to Blast Fungus(Magnaporthe grisea) GE Xiu-chun,SONG Feng-ming,CHEN Yong-ye,ZHENG Zhong 2002, 16(2): 171-175 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (317KB) ( )   The changes in activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), lipoxygenase (LOX), β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in rice seedlings of susceptible variety pretreated with benzothiadiazole(BTH) and infected by M. grisea were analyzed to explore the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the BTH induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Treatment of the third leaves of rice seedlings with BTH increased the activities of CAD, LOX and β-1,3-glucanase both in the third leaves and the upper untreated fourth leaves, showing systemic induction on the enzyme activity. After inoculation with M. grisea, the activities of CAD, POD, LOX and β-1,3-glucanase in the BTH treated third leaves and the upper untreated fourth leaves showed a more rapid and significant increase than those in the controls. No significant difference in the chitinase activity was observed between BTH treated and untreated seedlings after inoculation with the fungus, although pathogen infection increased markedly the enzyme activity. However, the PAL activity in the leaves did not show any remarkable changes upon BTH treatment and/or pathogen infection. The results suggested that the increased activities of CAD, POD, LOX and β 1,3 glucanase induced by BTH is most likely to be associated with the development of SAR in rice.

研究简报

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Detecting QTLs for Rice Panicle Length under Two Nitrogen Levels FANG Ping ,JI Tian-wei ,TAO Qing-nan ,WU Ping 2002, 16(2): 176-178 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (170KB) ( )   Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rice panicle length under two nitrogen levels were mapped on to the molecular marker linkage map by using a rice doubled haploid population derived from a cross between IR64 and Azucena. Two QTLs for panicle length, one on chromosome 1 and the other on chromosome 4 were detected at high N level, while five QTLs for panicle length were identified at low N level. The interaction between N levels and QTL for rice panicle length was therefore suggested. Based on this interaction and different response to low N stress between two parents, it was supposed that some QTLs only detected at low N level might be related with the ability of rice to tolerate low N stress.

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RAPD Analysis of A New Resistance Gene Xa-25(t) to Rice Bacterial Blight GAO Dong-ying ,XIANG Yang-hai ,SUN Li-hua ,LU Zuo-mei 2002, 16(2): 179-181 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (194KB) ( )   Xa-25(t), a new resistance gene to bacterial blight identified from the somaclonal mutant HX-3, was studied by using RAPD marker. Out of the 306 random primers tested,two were found to be polymorphic between the parents and the resistant pool and susceptible pool(which were composed of 12 highly resistant plants and highly susceptible plants,respectively). With the two primers, 114 individuals from the F2 population of Longtefu A/HX-3 were analyzed for linkage relationship. Results indicated that S1269 and S1327 were located on the opposite sides of Xa-25(t), with the distances of 5.3 cM and 23.7 cM respectively.

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Temporal and Spatial Niches of Rice Sheath Blight TAN Gen-jia,WANG Zi-ying 2002, 16(2): 182-184 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (142KB) ( )   Some indexes of temporal and spatial niches of rice sheath blight were measured. The results showed that index of temporal niche breadth of rice sheath blight in the flag leaf (n leaf )was the minimum(0.1994), and in the fourth (n-3) leaf was the maximum(0.5463), it increased following the height of the leaf and sheath of rice descended. Index of vertical spatial niche breadth of rice sheath blight was the minimum on 22, June (0.1250), and the maximum on 22, August(0.7759), it increased following the rice growth. Indexes of horizontal spatial niche breadth of rice sheath blight in different dates were similar. Concepts of niche, niche function and niche breadth were discussed.

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Breeding of Male Sterile Lines with the Cytoplasm of Yegong (Y Type) in Huanan Late Indica Rice CAI Shan-xin 2002, 16(2): 185-188 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (189KB) ( )   Y type CMS lines were developed by using the cytoplasm of late maturity variety Yegong in Huanan late indica rice, which confirmed that the male sterile cytoplasm could be obtained from Huanan late indica rice. Results indicated that effects of male sterile cytoplasm of Y type on the hybrid rice were superior than those of abortive wild rice. The Y type CMS lines showed a complete and stable sterility, similar relation of restorers and maintainers as that in the WA type, diversified inheritance of growth duration, good combining ability. Hybrid rice combinations Huayou 86 and Huayougui 99 derived from Y Huanong A had high and stable yield, good grain quality, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability, showing Y type CMS lines is a new exploitable CMS lines.

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Potassium Accumulation and Translocation in Shoots of Different Rice Genotypes LIU Jian-xiang,YANG Xiao-e,WU Liang-huan,YANG Yu-ai 2002, 16(2): 189-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (268KB) ( )   Cultivating nine rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to low potassium stress that were selected from large volume solution screening under different K supply levels in the field, the results showed that low K stress reduced K accumulation and accelerated K translocation. Both the difference of K accumulation in shoots between low and high K supply treatments and the difference of K uptake ability among genotypes were relatively larger at early growth stage, then decreased at the later growth stage during the whole life span. Marked difference of relative K accumulation and translocation ability existed among the rice genotypes. The K efficient genotypes made better use of absorbed K, had higher accumulation of K in shoots at seedling growth stage and maintained higher K content in both upper leaves and lower leaves at booting stage under low K stress, as compared with K inefficient rice genotypes. Because of great ability for K translocation, K content differed greatly between upper leaves and lower leaves under low K stress for the efficient rice genotypes.

综述与专论

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Status and Prospects of Genetic and QTLs Analysis for Cold Tolerance in Rice HAN Long-zhi ,KOH Hee-jeong ,PIAO Zhong-ze 2002, 16(2): 193-198 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (303KB) ( )   Genetic research on germinability at low temperature, cold tolerance at seedling, booting and flowering stage in rice, and recently expounded progress on quantitative traits loci (QTLs) analysis for cold tolerance in rice were reviewed. Research direction on cold tolerance of rice in the future was suggested.