Chinese Journal OF Rice Science

Identification and Gene Cloning of the Leafy Head Mutant pla15 in Rice

FENG Gongneng1,2, ZHANG Changquan1, ZHAO Dongsheng1, ZHU Kongzhi1, TU Huaizhou1, XU Chenwu1, LIU Qiaoquan1,*

2013, 27(2): 111-116. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.001

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From the progeny of a japonica variety Taipei 309 treated with 60Coγ ray irradiation, a leafy head mutant pla15 (plasttochron 15) with dwarf phenotype and small leaf was identified. Comparing with the wild type, the pla15 mutant has more leaves and less tillers, and therefore fails to produce a normal panicle at the maturity stage. The genetic analysis showed that the pla15 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. By the mapbased cloning, the target gene was finally narrowed down to a 58 kb region between SSR markers CHR1027 and CHR1030 on the long arm of chromosome 10, and cosegregates with the molecular markers CHR1028 and CHR1029. There were five predicted genes in the mapped region. The sequencing analysis results revealed that there was a deletion of the nucleotide T in the first exon of the gene LOC_Os10g26340 encoding cytochrome P450 CYP78A11 in the pla15 mutant, which might result in a downstream frame shift and a premature termination. These results implied that the P450 CYP78A11 gene might be the candidate gene of PLA15.

Effects of the RFT1 Region and Hd1 Region on Heading Date, Plant Height and Thousandgrain Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa)

CHEN Junyu, WANG Kai, GONG Junyi, FAN Yeyang, HUANG Derun, ZHUANG Jieyun*

2013, 27(2): 117-121. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.002

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Heading date is a key factor determining the regional and seasonal adaptation of rice. It has been frequently observed that QTLs for heading date could exert pleiotropism on yield traits and plant height. However, the pleiotropism of QTLs for heading date other than Ghd7 and DTH8(Ghd8) remains to be validated. Two BC2F5 populations segregated in the regions harboring heading date gene RFT1Hd3a and Hd1 in an isogenic genetic background were constructed using Zhenshan 97B as the recurrent parent and Milyang 46 as the donor parent. QTLs for heading date, plant height and thousandgrain weight were detected using Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5. In addition, four homozygous combinations of RFT1Hd3a and Hd1 were classified based on the genotypes of Si2944 tightly linked to RFT1Hd3a and the Hd1 gene marker Si9337, and the phenotypic differences among the four groups were analyzed. QTLs were detected for each of the three traits analyzed in both regions, which did not interact with each other. It was also shown that the effects of the Hd1 region were always larger than that of the RFT1Hd3a region.

Identification of QTL for Rice Grain Traits Based on an ExtraLarge Grain Material

ZHANG Yadong1,2, ZHANG Yinghui1,2, DONG Shaoling1,2， CHEN Tao2， ZHAO Qingyong2， ZHU Zhen2， ZHOU Lihui2， YAO Shu2， ZHAO Ling2， YU Xin2， WANG Cailin2,*

2013, 27(2): 122-128. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.003

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Two hundred and forty recombinant inbred lines （RIL） derived from a cross between japonica rice TD70 （with 1000grain weight of 80 g in 2011) and Kasalath, and its linkage map including 141 SSR markers was used to map QTL controlling grain shape traits（grain length, grain width, grain thickness）in 2010 and 2011. 18 QTLs controlling the three grain shape traits were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12, respectively, including 5 QTLs for grain length, 6 QTLs for grain width and 7 QTLs for grain thickness. Seven QTLs, namely qGL3.1, qGW2, qGW22, qGW5.1, qGW5.2, qGT2.3 and qGT3.1 were detected in two years and explained 56.19%, 442%, 29.41%, 10.37%, 7.61%, 21.19% and 17.06% of the observed phenotypic variance, respectively. The marker interval RM1347-RM5699 on chromosome 2 was common marker intervals of grain length, grain width and grain thickness；qGL3.1, qGT3.1 were mapped in the same interval RM6080-RM6832 on chromosome 3.All of the 18 QTLs alleles were derived from the large grain parent TD70. Most of the QTLs are cloned genes and some mapped QTLs. Three QTLs, qGL2.2 on chromosome 2, qGW9 and qGT9 on the chromosome 9 may be new sites.

Effect of Overexpressing OsIP1, a Rice Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Gene, Specifically in Mesophyll Tissue of Different Sourcesink Type Rice Cultivars

ZHANG Yafang, CHEN Zongxiang, ZUO Shimin, LOU Lijuan, YU Yongqi, PAN Xuebiao

2013, 27(2): 129-136. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.004

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OsIP1, encoding soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase was cloned and inserted between the rice mesophyllspecific promoter “cyFBPase” and the poly(A) site of the octopine synthase gene, and transferred into different sourcesink type rice cultivars, including sourcelimiting type Zhongchao 123 and sinklimiting type Nongken57 by Agrobacteriummediated gene transfer. Some T0 transgenic plants with high expression level were selected by quantitative realtime PCR and their T2 homozygous lines with the same morphological and agronomic traits as their wildtype cultivar were generated. The effects of overexpressed OsIP1 specifically in the mesophyll cell were estimated by investigating tiller dynamics, soluble and stored carbohydrate contents in leaf blade and leaf sheath, and dry weight and yield and so on. The preliminary results showed that during the vegetative stage, the tilling capability and panicles per plant of transgenic lines increased to a certain extent, especially in the high tillering capability variety, Nongken 57. The results also showed that during the grainfilling stage, the changing trends of the soluble sugar, sucrose and starch contents in leaf blade and leaf sheath of transgenic lines were consistent with those of the wild types. Except leaf sheath at the peak grainfilling stage, the sucrose content of transgenic lines were increased significantly at each time point. Compared with the wild types, the dry weights and grain yields of transgenic lines increased to a varying degree. The grain yield of the transgenic lines of Zhongchao 123 were significantly higher than that of the wild type.

Genetic Variation Analysis of Paddy Rice Landrace of Yuelianggu from Yuanyang Hani’s Terraced Fields in Yunnan Province

DONG Chao1,#, XU Furong1,#, YANG Wenyi1, TANG Cuifeng1, ZHANG Enlai1 , YANG Yayun1, A Xinxiang1, ZHANG Feifei1 , LU Guangde2, WANG Yan2, DAI Luyuan1, *

2013, 27(2): 137-144. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.005

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In order to reveal the genetic variation of rice landrace Yuelianggu which has been widely grown in Yunnan Hani’s terraced fields for longterm,98 Yuelianggu samples collected from 11 villages located in Yunnan and 8 rice varieties as control were analyzed by using 20 phenotypic traits and 48 SSR markers. The results showed that the variation coefficients for the quantitative characters were larger than those of the qualitative characters with a range from 2.55% to 24.90%. A total of 114 alleles in all of Yuelianggu were found with the mean of 2.38 and range from 1 to 4, as well as the number of 87.65 effective alleles with the mean of 1.83 and range from 1 to 3.02. The mean of Nei’s genetic diversity index (I) was 0.64. Clustering analysis based on phenotypes could divide the used materials including Yuelianggu and control varieties into two categories, with Yuelianggu belonging to one group while the other eight varieties to another one. However, clustering analysis based on SSR markers could divide the tested moterials into two categories, with one group including all Yuelianggu samples and the indica control while another one only including the japonica control. Analysis of molecular variance （AMVOA） revealed that the intervillage genetic variations of Yuelianggu consisted of 67.18% and the intravillage genetic variation contisted of 37.82%. Yuelianggu samples collected from 11 villages could be divided into 5 populations, which were closely related to geographical distance between the villages. Genetic distances of Yuelianggu collected from adjacent villages were small while their genetic similarities were high correspondly. The special genetic variation of Yuelianggu resulted from the unique Hani’s terraced fields and its traditional culture for longterm. Yuelianggu can be used as a benefit gene resource to further exploit and utilize.

Genetic Analysis of Restoration of Chromosome Single Segment Substitution Line to two Different CMS Lines in Rice

CAI Jian1,2, DAI Ziju2, ZHU Haitao2, ZENG Ruizhen2, ZHANG Zemin2, WANG Mimi1, MA Tongfu1,*, ZHANG Guiquan2,*

2013, 27(2): 145-152. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.006

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A rice chromosome single segment substitution line(SSSL) S42, which is a strong restorer line for wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility(WACMS) and YCMS, was identified at the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University. The genetic mode of fertility restorer(Rf) genes and the genetic relationship between WACMS and YCMS systems were characterized through the production of backcross populations. The SSSL S42 was used to pollinate WACMS line of Zhenshan 97A and YCMS line of YHuanong A and generated two BC3F2 populations by using markerassisted selection and traditional backcrossing. Results were shown as the following: 1) In the genetic background of S42, WACMS was restored more easily than YCMS, and the effect of Rf4 appeared to be slightly larger than that of Rf3 for the two CMS systems; 2) Two pairs of dominant genes Rf3 and Rf4 governed pollen fertility restoration, and modifying or minor genes also involved in the inheritance of restorer ability in S42, which indicates that the genetic mode of Rf genes was a qualitativequantitative character for WACMS and YCMS systems; 3) When 205 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic background and average length substituted chromosome segments(SCS) of the two BC3F2 individuals, the number of SCS carried by BC3F2 individuals with the genotypes of Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 or rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4, was 1.1, while the average lengths of the SCS, corresponding to Rf3 and Rf4 loci, were 14.5 cM and 17.4 cM, respectively.

Effects of Returning Maize Straw to Field and Sitespecific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality in Rice

GE Lili, MA Yihu, BIAN Jinlong, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang, LIU Lijun *

2013, 27(2): 153-160. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.007

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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of returning maize straw to field(RMSF) on grain yield and quality in rice with japonica Yangjing 4038 as material. The main results during three years (2009-2011) were as follows: 1) RMSF could increase total N content and organic matter content in paddy soil; 2) Under the condition of no nitrogen (N) applied, RMSF significantly increased grain yield by 18.9%-32.0%, when compared with CK (without maize straw returning); 3) Under the condition of sitespecific nitrogen management (SSNM), RMSF decreased N rate by 7.4%-16.7%, and increased grain yield by 0.5%-11.0%, enhanced partial factor productivity of N fertilizer by 18.0%-31.7%, when compared with CK; 4) Under the conditions of no N application or SSNM, RMSF significantly improved head rice rate, peak viscosity and breakdown value, reduced chalky grain rate, chalkiness, final viscosity and setback value without significant differences in brown rice rate, milled rice rate, amylose content and gel consistence when compared with CK. RMSF also increased protein content. The above results showed that RMSF was beneficial to soil fertilizing, and SSNM would help further reduce the amount of N rate and increase grain yield and quality of rice as well.

Effects of Phosphorous on Aluminum Tolerance and Cell Wall Polysaccharide Components in Rice Root Tips

HUANG Wenfang1，CHEN Xiaoyang2，XING Chenghua3，ZHENG Zhaisheng2，CAI Miaozhen4,*，ZHAO Xiaoli4

2013, 27(2): 161-167. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.008

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To elucidate the possible interaction of phosphorusinduced Al tolerance in rice by improving inorganic phosphorus metabolism and modifying cell wall polysaccharides of root tip cell walls,rice seedlings of two rice cultivars \[Feiyouduoxi 1 (Altolerant genotype) and Hongliangyou 166 (Alsensitive genotype)\]were pretreated with phosphorus (P) at concentrations of 0.5, 10 and 30 mg/L for 9 d, then treated with 50 μmol/L Al for 48 h. The results showed that total root length of both rice genotypes decreased at 50 μmol/L Al , especially in 0.5 mg/L P and Al alternate processing. Under Al toxicity stress, the malonaldehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (ASA) and proline (Pro) contents in rice leaves of two genotypes were significantly higher in 0.5 mg/L P pretreatment than other treatments, and 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L P pretreatment significantly decreased MDA, ASA and Pro contents. These results suggested that sufficient P supply ameliorated Al damage on rice. The contents of pectin and hemicellulose 2 in root apex of Feiyouduoxi 1 were significantly lower in 30 mg/L P pretreatment than in 0.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L P pretreatment under Al toxicity, and 0.5 mg/L P pretreatment increased Feiyouduoxi 1 root acid pohosphatase(ACP) activity more significantly than 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L P and aluminum alternate processing. However, no significant differences were observed in cell wall polysaccharides components and ACP activity in Hongliangyou 166. These results suggested that Altolerant rice genotype detoxified Al via increasing the ACP activity in root tips to provide more Pi to combine with Al under P deficient condition, and decreasing the cell wall polysaccharide content to reduce Al binding sites in cell walls under P sufficient condition.

Leaf Photosynthesis and Senescence Characteristics of japonica Rice Cultivars with High Yield and High Nefficiency

LI Min1,2 , ZHANG Hongcheng2,*， YANG Xiong2， GE Mengjie2， WEI Haiyan2， DAI Qigen2, HUO Zhongyang2, XU Ke2

2013, 27(2): 168-176. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.009

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The difference in leaf photosynthesis and senescence characteristics of lowyielding and low Nefficiency, highyielding and medium Nefficiency, highyielding and high Nefficiency rice cultivars was investigated using six representative japonica varieties under their optimum N levels, respectively. The results were as follow: compared with lowyielding varieties, the highyielding ones showed higher population leaf area index (LAI), higher leaf area rates of productive tillers and top 3 leaves, higher flag leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value)and net photosynthetic rate, and slower senescence of leaves. Among highyielding varieties, as the nitrogen efficiency increased, the population leaf area index (LAI) reduced at the early and middle growth stages (Nn, jointing, and full heading), and increased at maturing. Though with no significant changes during early grain filling stage (0-10 days after full heading), the net photo synthetic rate remarkably increased in middle and late grain filling stages (20-40 days after full heading), which could mainly be attributed to the less breakingdown of chlorophyll, ensuring the higher CO2 assimilation capacity of leaves, the higher SOD activity providing strong antioxidant capacity of the plant, and the lower MDA content implying the less damage degree of membrane lipid. It could be one promising method for further improvement in nitrogen efficiency of highyielding rice varieties to reasonably control the growth of nonproductive and inefficient leaf area before heading, thus properly reducing population leaf area scale before heading and effectively delaying leaves senescence after heading to ensure sustained higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves.

Occurrence and Population Characteristics Analysis of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) in Rice Growing Region in Northern Guangdong Province

QI Guojun1, WANG Zheng2, LAN Riqing3, LV Lihua1,*

2013, 27(2): 177-183. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.010

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The dynamics and population characteristics of C. medinalis for each generation in the rice growing region of northern Guangdong Province were studied through systematic investigation and female ovarian dissection during 2010 and 2011, and the annual population dynamics were analyzed in combination with data from daily field surveys conducted between 1961-1976 and the recent years after 2000. The results were as follows: 1) with six generations per year in Shaoguan City, C. medinalis had two main density peaks which occurred in early and middle June on earlyseason doublecropping paddy field, and in late August and early September on lateseason doublecropping paddy field; 2) the population characteristics of C. medinalis for each generation were determined; 3) the date of moth density peak between 1961-1976 and 2000-2011 had no significant difference, but since 2000, mean daily amount of C. medinalis was significantly higher than that in peak days of early rice from 1961 to 1976 in Qujiang District, Guangdong Province; 4) the occurrence frequency of the highest moth density peak in earlyseason doublecropping paddy field was higher than that in lateseason doublecropping paddy field between 2000 and 2011 in Qujiang District, Guangdong Province. The 3rd generation and 6th generation were the major injurious generation of early rice and late rice respectively, whereas the 2nd generation and 7th generation might broke out in special years. Therefore, the enormous increase of the spring immigrants of C. medinalis was the key factor behind the successive outbreak and serious damage in northern Guangdong Province after 2003, while autumn return migration was influenced by the natural environment and human prevention in the rice growing area of northern China, and there were no relationships between the spring immigrants and the autumn return immigrants of C. medinalis.

Resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. to Quinclorac in the Rice Growing region of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River in China

MA Guolan1,2, BAI Lianyang1,4，*， LIU Ducai2, LIU Xueyuan2, YU Liuqing3，*

2013, 27(2): 184-190. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.011

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The resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. to quinclorac was determined by using pot planting method with 42 biotypes collected from the rice growing regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China from 2008 to 2011.The results showed that higher resistance levels were observed in two biotypes of E. crusgalli from Yiyang County (R1) and Wangcheng County (R2), Hunan Province with the resistance indexes (RI) of 21.84 and 32.31fold, respectively. Other biotypes of E. crusgalli. from Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province have developed lower level resistance (1.12-7.32fold). The 1aminocyclopropane1carboxylate synthase (ACS) activity in the two resistance biotypes of E. crusgalli (R1 and R2) declined significantly one day after quinclorac treatment, with the RIs of 0.49 and 0.56fold compared with the contemporary contro1. Then the activity increased slightly two days after treatment and remained to be lower than the control; however the activity decreased slowly to 0.34 and 0.35fold relative to the control at four days after treatment The βcyanoalanine (βCAS) activity in R1 and R2 of E. crusgalli increased significantly after treated with quinclorac; the maximum were observed five days after treatment, being 1.80 and 2.05fold, as high as the control, respectively.

Resistance Monitoring to Conventional Insecticides in Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in Main Rice Growing Regions in China

WANG Peng1, NING Zuoping1, ZHANG Shuai2 , JIANG Tiantian1, TAN Lirong1 , DONG Song1, GAO Congfen1,*

2013, 27(2): 191-197. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.012

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To lay a foundation for nationwide resistance management of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens（Stl）, we collected 19 samples of the planthopper from 13 locations covering eight provinces to monitor the resistance to five conventional insecticides in 2010 and 2011.The results showed that the resistance of the brown planthopper to buprofezin increased obviously given all populations were at middle resistance level (11.3 to 23.4 fold) in 2010 and 80% populations were at high resistance level (40.7 to 119.7 fold) in 2011. All the monitored populations still remained to be high to extremely high resistant to imidacloprid (82.3 to 1935.8 fold), the resistance increased obviously again comparing with the period from 2006 to 2009. To thiamethoxam, the resistance ratios were between 6.1 to 14.4 fold and 12.8 to 62.3 fold in 2010 and 2011, respectively; and the resistance increased significantly in most areas in the two years. All the 18 populations remained to be susceptible to low resistant to chlopyrifos. The resistance risk to pymetrozine may be a little high since the monitored samples were susceptible or developed low level resistance (1.9 to 51 fold) in 2010, while the resistance increased to moderate level (15.7 to 25.4 fold) in the next year. It indicated that the resistance to pymetrozine might increased quickly with the wide use of this insecticide in the main rice planting areas. The scientific rotation and mixing among the insecticides without cross resistance must be adopt.

Construction and Highefficient Screenings of a Yeast TwoHybrid cDNA Library from the Droughtstressed Roots of Rice

FU Jian1, Linkun GU 2, GUO Yiqing1, Liyuan ZHANG 2, WANG Linxian1, LI Dingqin1, WANG Bo1, Jeff Qingxi SHEN2,*, CHENG Zaiquan1,*

2013, 27(2): 198-202. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.013

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By using the SMART technique, a yeast twohybrid cDNA library of rice roots was constructed and utilized to study proteinprotein interactions induced by drought. An optimized high efficiency membrane mating method, substituting for liquid mating method, was developed for library screenings. As results, there are about 4.9 ×106 clones in the library with the averaged size of the insert fragments to be about 800 base pairs. To verify the efficiency of the membrane mating method, OsWRKY71, a wellstudied gene encoding a transcriptional repressor of gibberellin signaling, was used as a bait to screen this library. The mating efficiency was shown to be as high as 6.9%, which was six times higher than that of the liquid mating method. This high efficient mating method is simple, costeffective and suitable for large scale yeast hybrid analyses.

Heterotic and Combining Ability Analyses of Starch Viscosity Properties in Hybrid Rice

LIU Hongmei, LIU Jianfeng*, FAN Fengfeng, QIU Yingbo, XU Qingguo

2013, 27(2): 203-208. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.014

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To evaluate the heterosis of rice starch viscosity properties, 30 hybrid combinations were obtained from incomplete diallel cross between six sterile lines and five restorer lines of indica hybrid rice cultivars. The rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) profile parameters of starch viscosity in hybrid combinations and parents were measured and statistically analyzed. Results showed that there were highly significant genetic differences for RVA properties among the hybrid rice combinations. The starch viscosity properties in hybrid rice combinations were highly significantly affected by gene additive effects and nonadditive effects, majorly affected by parent gene additive effects. The specific combining ability (SCA) of offspring hybrid rice combination was not always high, though the parents have high general combining ability (GCA). The proportion of female parent GCA variance was far bigger than both the proportion of male parent GCA variance and proportion of combinations SCA variance, indicating that the starch viscosity properties in hybrid rice combinations were mainly affected by the sterile lines. There were not only highly significant positive correlations between the competitive advantages of the hybrid rice combinations and female parents′ GCA but also higher determination coefficients, suggesting that the hybrid combinations from female parents with higher GCA have higher competitive advantages. We also found that highly significant over highparent heterosis in peak viscosity, highly significant negative below lowparent heterosis in pasting temperature and highly significant positive over midpatent heterosis in other starch viscosity characteristics.

Effect of Moisture Management on Rice Root Growth and Rice Grain Yield at Different Growth Stages under No Tillage

QIN Huadong1,2, JIANG Ligeng1，*, XIAO Qiaozhen1, XU Shihong3

2013, 27(2): 209-212. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.015

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The effect of different moisture management modes on root growth and rice grain yield under no tillage was studied. The results showed that drywet alternate irrigation had an obvious influence on rice grain yield, rice root growth, root length and physiology. The rice shoot dry weight and biomass per plant, root radius, root area, root number，root activity and supperoxide dismutase(SOD) activity under drywet alternate irrigation were significantly higher than those under flooded irrigation. Drywet alternate irrigation significantly increased rice grain yield, which resulted from increased effective panicle number, spikelet number per panicle and seed setting rate,compared with flooded irrigation. The biomass per plant, root radins, root area, root number and SOD activity under drywet alternate irrigation were significantly higher than those under wetting irrigation. There were no significant difference in rice grain yield between the two treatments.

Progress in Research on Lowcarbon Rice Production Technology

ZHOU Sheng1, SONG Xiangfu 1,*, YAN Xiaoyuan 2

2013, 27(2): 213-222. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.02.016

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China is the most important rice producing country in the world and rice production process is one of the important emission sources of methane and nitrous oxide. The production, consumption, and transport of methane and nitrous oxide in rice field are influenced by many factors, such as soil type, water regime, fertilizer, fertilizer application rate, cultivation system and rice variety. There is a tradeoff relationship between methane and nitrous oxide emissions in rice field due to water regime change. Although methane emission would be decreased under midseason drainage and moist intermittent irrigation conditions, the emission of nitrous oxide would be enhanced. Therefore, simultaneous minimization of methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice field is a very important technology for low carbon rice production. In addition, soil carbon sequestration in rice field is another key technology for changing rice field from greenhouse gas emission source to sink. This review summarized the progress in research on emission of methane and nitrous oxide from rice field, change of soil organic carbon, mitigation of greenhouse gas emission. The effect of key factors on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice field, major methods of increasing soil organic matter and evaluation of mitigation options using global warming potential were emphasized and the further studies of low carbon rice production were discussed.

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