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05 December 1992, Volume 6 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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Tagging Genes for Wide Compatibility in Rice via Linkage to RFLP Markers Zheng Kangle,Shen Bo,Qian Huirong,Wang Jianlin 1992, 6(4): 145-150 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (470KB) ( )   Genes for wide compatibility in rice were analyzed via linkage to RFLP markers. The parent varieties were surveyed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) using 45 probes located on ten chromosomes combined with 4 restriction enzymes. 15 probes can detect polymorphisms among the varieties. 14 of 15 polymorphic probes and C gene (chromogen for pigmentation) were selected to further analyze the segregation of spikelet fertility in segregating population of three-way cross (Pecos/Nanjing 11//Akihikari). The results indicate that RFLP markers RG138, RG64, RG456 and morphological marker C gene on chromosome 6 are significantly linked to the locus for wide compatibility. It was also found that another marker RG81 on chromosome 12 was related to spikelet fertility. A preliminary RFLP map of chromosome 6 showing the region of this locus has been constructed. The chromosome region near this locus can be further examined with additional markers to define the precise location of genes for wide compatibility. Tightly linked RFLP markers may facilitate the selection for wide compatibility in rice breeding program. We also observed that the ratios of two genotypes of marker RG81 and RG323 on chromosome 12 in segregating population were 14:41 and 38:17 respectively, being significantly distorted from the expected 1:1 ratio.

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Evaluation for Rice Ratooning Ability of Intersubspecific Hybrid and Its Relation to Agronomic Characters of Mother Plant Liu Yongsheng,Zhou Kaida,Zeng Riyong,Luo Wenzhi 1992, 6(4): 151-154 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (165KB) ( )   Path analysis was used to assess the relation between ratooning ability of intersubspecific hybrids and agronomic characters of mother plant. Days to heading and effective panicles directly affected ratooning ability more significantly. Number of grain per panicle indirectly influenced ratooning ability through No. of effective panicles. The heritable complexity and breeding strategy for rice ratooning were discussed.

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Evaluation and Genetic Analysis for Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Wild Rice Lin Shicheng,Zhang Qi,Que Gengsheng,Xing Zuyi,Wang Chunlian,Li Daoyuan,Chen Chengbin 1992, 6(4): 155-158 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (284KB) ( )   Forty eight materials of Oryza rufipogon revaluated for resistance to three strains, P1, HB84-17 and T1 of bacterial blight, Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Six ones were resistant to all three strains. One of the six materials, RBB16, was stable and homogeneous relatively in resistance. Inheritance for resistance to the three strains of bacterial blight was studied in RBB16. The resistance to strains P1, HB84-17 and T1 in RBB16 was controlled by two to three dominant genes at the all growth stages respectively. Allelic tests showed that they were nonallelic to gene Xa-4. A further test for confirming whether RBB16 has new gene(s) for resistance to bacterial blight will be made. Breeding studies showed that the resistance of RBB 16 was effective.

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Primary Research on Regionalization Rules of Rice Chalkiness Formation in China Jia Zhikuan,Gao Rusong,Zhang Songwu,Zhu Biyan 1992, 6(4): 159-164 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (384KB) ( )   Based on the experiment with 19 rice varieties and different sowing dates at 13 locations in China, meteorologic ecological basis of rice chalkiness formation and the regionalization of meteorologic chalkiness in rice growing areas with different rice farming system have been analysed. Daily mean temperature in the period of 15 days after rice full heading stage is a leading factor affecting rice chalkiness, and from north to south the rice meteorologic chalkiness varies from small to large with the change of daily mean temperatare of 15 days after rice full heading; the rice growing areas of the meteorologlc chalkiness area of≤5% include areas on the north of the Sichuan Basin, areas on the north of the Huaihe River and areas of Yun-Gui High Plateau; those of 5%-10% include Sichuan Basin, areas in the south of Yunnan province and areas from the south of Huaihe River to along the south of Yangtse River; those of 10%-20% (only concerning early rice of double-cropping rice) include areas on the east of Yung-Gui High Plateau and on the south of Yangtse River.

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A Simulation Model for the Prediction and Management of Rice Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani-SIMPMRS Fan Kuncheng,Peng Shaoqiu,Zou Hanxuan,Li Biwen,Kang Xiaowen,Jian Hao,Xiang Xuyou 1992, 6(4): 165-172 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   A simulation model for the prediction and management of rice sheath blight (SIMPMRS) was established based on the experimental data obtained from 1985 to 1990. This model is composed of the submodels of rice growth, initial infection by sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1, epidemic prediction of ShB, estimating the number of sclerotium formation, assessment of yield loss caused by ShB, control ef fect of fungicides to ShB and optimal decision. It could simulate the tendency of the disease epidemies, injury degree and control benefit effectively under different environmental factors and different control condi tions as well as make optimal decisions for managing the disease in order to obtain maxmium economic benefits. By validity, reliability, sensitivity test and utilized in a large area production, the model was considerated to be valid, reliable, rational constructure and convenient to use. We also analysed the action way of key factors that influence the disease epidemics inonclick="SelectDisplayDiv('EnDivSummaryMoreSummary','EnDivSummaryMore');DisplaySpanDiv('EnDivSummaryHuanYuan')"> this paper.

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Two New Kice-Based Grain-Cash Cropping Patterns Wang Deren,Fei Huailin,Jin Qianyu,Ying Jifeng,Zhang Xiufu 1992, 6(4): 173-176 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (171KB) ( )   The study was carried out in 1987-1990 at CNRRI Farm, two new cropping pattern "Barley/Watermelon+Corn-Rice" and "Milk vetch+Barley/Watermelon+Corn-Rice" increased grain yield by 99.2 and 296.2 kg/mu, and raised sun light utilization efficiency by 0.145% and 0.159% in comparison with the "Barley/Watermelon-Rice" and "Watermelon-Rice", respectivaly. The after-effects of upland, lowland crop to the yield of second crop of rice were also analysed.

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Responese of Glutathione-ascorbate Cycle in Rice Leaves to Photoinhibition Xiong Fusheng,Song Ping,Wang Futong,Gao Yuzhu 1992, 6(4): 177-183 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   The glutathione-ascorbate cycle and photoinhibition in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Xiangaiyou)leaves under the field condition or with photoinhibitory treatment were examined. The results shown that in clear day in summer, photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate in rice leaves was depressed at noon (termed as "midday depression") and was partially reversed in the afternoon. Apparent quantum requirement in rice leaves increased largely at noon in a clear day, indicating "midday depression"was related to photoinhibition. Glutathione content in rice leaves was raised from ca 150 nmol·g-1FW in the morning to ca 300 nmol·g-1FW at noon in a clear day. More particularly, a nearly two-fold increase in glutathione reductase activity was detected. Ascorbate content as well as dehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activities remained relatively constant during the whole day. It was also found within 30 min of photoinhibitory treatment, glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity increased respectively about 40% and 70%, whereas no obvious increase both in ascorbate content and in dehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activities was monitored. Furthermore, a rapid responses of glutathione-ascorbate cycle, characterized by dramatic increase of glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity, to aminotriazole was observed. It was concluded that glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity are the limiting factors for stimulated glutathione-ascorbate cycle, which is probably important for C3 plants to alleviate photoinhibition.

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Differences of Grain Filling and Seed Storing Characters between Waxy and Nonwaxy Near Isogenic Lines Tang Shaoqing,Qian Qian,Lu Zitong,Song Qingxian,Lin Jianrong 1992, 6(4): 184-186 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (206KB) ( )   Differences in grain characters and grain moisture contents (%) during filling period between 4 pairs of waxy and nonwaxy near isogenic lines were studied. The results showed that moisture content (%) of waxy grain was higher than that of nonwaxy ones during 24 days after flowering through maturity, which might caused waxy lines lower in 1000 grain weight, specific gravity of grain, 1000 kernal weight and kernal size. The yearly-stored seed of waxy lines have lower germination rate and germinating viability in comparison with nonwaxy one.

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Genetical Effect of Different Cytoplasms on Rice Cooking, Milling and Nutrient Qualities in Indica Type Hybrid Rice Yi Xiaoping,Chen Fangyuan 1992, 6(4): 187-189 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (196KB) ( )   The rice quality characteristics were studied by variance analysis with 14 combinations from 7 homonucleus-alloplasmic lines crossed with two restorer by 7×2 partial dialled cross design. The results indicated as follows: 1) The effect of cytoplasms was not significantly different in alkali spreading value but significantly different in fat content and protein content and highly significantly different in gel consistency, amylose content, brown rice rate. 2) The effect of nucleus was not significantly different in alkali spreading value and gel consistency, but significantly different in brown rice rate and highly significantly different in fat content, protein content, amylose content. 3) The effect of nucleus-cytoplasm interaction was not significantly different in alkali spreading value and fat content but highly significantly different in gel consistency, brown rice rate, amylose content, protein content. Most of male sterility cytoplasm showed positive effect or the same one as fertile cytoplasm and a few of male sterility cytoplasm showed negative. It suggested that some quality characteristics of rice were controlled by nucleic gene, cytoplasmic gene and nucleus-cytoplasmic gene interaction but nucleic gene was prominent.