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10 April 1995, Volume 9 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Reviews and Special Topics
研究报告
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Reviews and Special Topics

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Breeding of a Photo-thermoperiod Sensitive Genic Male Sterile indica Rice with a Pale-green-leaf Marker Dong Fenggao,Zhu Xudong,Xiong Zhenmin,Cheng Shihua,Sun Zongxiu,Min Shaokai 1995, 9(2): 65-70 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (306KB) ( )   Incorporating recessive marker gene controlling pale-green-leaf(pgl) into a photo-thermoperiod sensitive genic male sterile indica rice (PGMS) 8902S by backcrossing, a PGMS indica rice with pale-green-leaf marker (i.e.M2S) was developed. The fertility response of M2S to photoperiod and temperature is different from that of 8902S. In the natural condition of Hangzhou (30°25'N), M2S was characterized with high male sterility(more than 99.5%) over 30 days in summer and normal fertility during middle fall. The further analysis of M2S in phytotrons with 3 photoperiod(P)×3 temperature(T) treatments showed that M2S had absolute or high male sterility under long day (15. 0 h) with all temperature(30.1℃,24.1℃, 23.1℃) combinations and high temperature(30.1℃) with all photoperiod(15.0 h, 14.0 h, 12.5 h)combinations, but normal spikelet fertility under short day (12.5 h) favorite temperature (23.1-24.1℃), and that the male sterility of M2S is controlled by P×T interaction. This kind of stable male sterility in long day or/and high temperature, with combination of its pale-green-leaf marker for pseudo-hybrid detection at seedling stage, will make it advantageous to other existing indica PGMS in the hybrid seed production by two-line method when abnormal summer low temperature occurs.

研究报告

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The Observation of Submicrostructure on Leaves-back in Oryza Zhang Wenxu 1995, 9(2): 71-76 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1185KB) ( )   The large-tubercles, papicles of phellem cell and papicles of stomate on leaves-back in 9 species of Oryza L. were studied with scanning-electric microscope. The 4 groups of 9 species were classified with presence or non-presence of large-tubercles, papicles of stomate and papicles of phellem cell. They are qualitative difference between groups and quantitative difference in groups.

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Performance of Growth Duration of Hybrid F1s between indica and japonica Rice Dong Shijun,Li Chunshou,Li Guangtu,Fan Tianyun 1995, 9(2): 77-81 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (152KB) ( )   The growth duration (GD) of hybrid F1s between indica and japonica rice was studied in 80 indica×japonica combinations between indica CMS restorers or maintainers with different GD and typical japonica or middle type varieties by contrasted with indica×indica or japonica×japonica combinations. It was shown that the GD heterosis of intersubspecific F1s is the most vigorous, generally, superior to the average of their parent's value, and the GD heterosis of intrasubspecific F1s is the weakest, approaching the medium value of their parents, and the GD heterosis of indica or japonica crossed with middle-type parents is situated between the preceding two kinds of combinations. The GD heterosis among different intersubspecific combinations greatly varied with their adopted parents, negative heterosis was found in some combinations. The variation in GD heterosis was caused by following points. Firstly, it was influenced by two parents GD, the order of hybrid GD from long to short was in turn medium indica/late japonica>medium indica/early or medium japonica>early indica or early-maturing medium indica/early or medium japonica. Secondly, it was conditioned by the restoring gene in indica parent. The indica×japonica hybrid heterosis was retarded as the indica CMS restorers was used, and it was also found that the greater the genetic distance of their parents was, the stronger the GD heterosis of hybrid was.

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Tolerance to Photoinhibition and Herbicide DCMU and Their Physiological-genetic Analysis in Rice (in English) Jiao Demao,Ji Benhua 1995, 9(2): 82-86 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (100KB) ( )   To elucidate the tolerance of photoinhibition and herbicide DCMU in indica, japonica and physiological genetic in reciprocal hybrids F1,Three reciprocal crosses involving indica varieties 3037, Palghar and japonica varieties 02428, 029 were used for this study. Results showed that tolerance of photoinhibition was paralleled with DCMU affinity of PSⅡ(Ⅰ50), japonica was more than indica, indicating japonica was tolerant to photoinhibition and DCMU. Hybrids F1 were based towards(or similar) their materal parents. Selecting variety with tolerating photoinhibition and DCMU (higher Ⅰ50)as material might be an important approach in rice breeding.

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Response to Photoperiod and Temperature in Photo-thermoperiod Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Line Xinguang S(Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) Cheng Shihua,Sun Zongxiu,Si Huamin,Zhuo Lisheng 1995, 9(2): 87-91 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (180KB) ( )   Xinguang S is a male sterile indica rice line with fertility transformation, its origination is different from Nongken 585, a reported photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice line. The response of Xinguang S to photoperiod and temperature was studied in the controlled conditions of 3 photoperiods×3 temperatures in combination with in the natural condition of 10 planting dates with the interval of 15 days. The results indicate that the fertility transformation of Xinguang S is controlled by interaction of photoperiod and temperature. It will be completely male sterile under the combinations of 15.0 h photoperiod with all treated temperatures (mean temp. 30.1℃, 24.1℃ and 23.1℃) and 30.1℃ with all treated photoperiods (15.0 h, 14.0 h and 12.5 h), partially male sterile under the combinations of 14.0 h with 23.1℃ and 24.1℃,and normally male fertile only under the combinations of 12.5 h with 23.1℃ and 24.1℃. The variance analysis on the seed setting of Xinguang S indicate its photoperiod(P) or temperature(T) effect is not significant (P>0.05), but its P×T effect is sighficant(P<0.01). Its male sterile period may be two months in summer season under natural conditions of Hangzhou, however, its fertility transformation in autumn may be incomplete due to the unusually high temperature. The use of P×T type male sterile rice line such as Xinguang S in the breeding of two-line hybrid rice was evaluated.

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Relationship between Free Proline Accumulation and the Drought Resistance in Rice Plants under Different Status of Soil Moisture Yang Jianchang,Wang Zhiqin,Zhu Qingsen 1995, 9(2): 92-96 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (301KB) ( )   Using 6 mid-maturing lowland and upland rice varieties as materials, the relationship between free proline accumulation and the drought resistance in rice plants under different status of soil moisture was studied. The results showed that: 1) the free proline accumulation in the leaves of drought-resistant varieties began earlier and the duration was longer under the treatments of low soil moisture, compared to the less drought-resistant ones, the leaf water potential threshold of obivious proline accumulation was -0. 62 to -0.66 MPa for the former and -0.78 to -0.82 MPa for the latter; 2) the relative proline content (the treatments/the control×100% ) after the treatment for 10 days very significantly correlated with the drought-resistant coefficient of the varieties at -0. 04 MPa of soil water potential (r=0. 9712); and 3) the relative proline content after the treatment for 30 and 40 days had a significant negative correlation with the yield reduction percentage at -0.04 and -0.06 MPa of soil water potential (r=-0.9342 and -0.9581, respectively). It was suggested that the physiological character of early accumulation and long duration of free proline under the condition of low soil moisture be regarded as an index for evaluating the drought resistance of rice varieties.

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Effect of Light and Temperature on Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Flag Leaves at Heading Stage in indica Rice Varieties with Different Cold Tolerance Li Ping,Li Xiaoping,Chen Yizhu 1995, 9(2): 97-102 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (213KB) ( )   The change of chlorophyll fluorescence in flag leaves of indica rice was analysed under light and temperature stress and during recovery by PAM pulse modulation fluoremeter. The results indicated that the cold tolerance was stronger in Guishan'aixuan 3 than that in Qinghua 6. The chilling induced photoinhibition was more significant in Guishan'aixuan 3 after treating detached flag leaves in 1℃ and PFD 250 μmol m-2 s-1, but the recovery was faster after 5 hours at room temperature. The cold tolerance is expressed during recovery. Before and after natural low temperature(Cold Dew Wind) the change of fluorescence in attached flag leaves also showed similar patterns. Compared with Qinhua 6, Guishan'aixuan 3 has a stronger heat tolerance, and the heat damage was lighter after treating detached flag leaves at 45℃. The heat tolerance is expressed during heat stress. Experiments also indicated that the photoinhibition of photochemical reaction of photosynthesis was more significant in Guishan'aixuan 3 under natural light at noonday. But the ability that dissipates excess light energy by no-photochemical quenching(qNP) was stronger in Guishan'aixuan 3 than that in Qinghua 6. The mechanisms of preventing cold and heat damages in indica type rice were discussed.

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Effects of Transplanted Barnyardgrass(Echinochloa cruss-galli)on Growth and Yield of Rice Gong Qingwei,Li Pu,Li Lianfang,Li Ling 1995, 9(2): 103-107 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (175KB) ( )   While rice bunch mingled with transplanted barnyardgrass(TB), the tillering rate of TB is faster than rice. The highest increasing rate of tiller number are 1260% and 680% respectively for TB and rice. The height of TB is 40-50 cm higher than that of rice. Meanwhile, higher leaf area index, longer root and larger absorbed area of root surface accompany with TB comparing to rice. Which means the growth potential of TB is stronger than rice. The dry matter ratios of barnyardgrass to rice are located between 1.6 and 2.5 from mid-tillering stage to heading stage. The experiment of different rates of rice bunch mingled with TB showed, tiller number and yield of rice decrease significantly as the rate of rice bunch mingled with TB increases. About 50% tillers and more than 50% yield are reduced when rate of rice bunch mingled with TB is 100% compared to CK (without TB). Using rate of rice bunch mingled with TB as independent variables(x), and decreasing rate of rice effective panicle number and rice yield as dependent variables (y1) and (y2), the regression equations were as following:for Weiyou 4, y1 =1.41 [52.05/(52.05+x)]x, y2= 1.46[57.07/(57. 07+x)]x; for Xiangzaokian 7, y1=0. 87[83. 83/(83. 83+x)]x, y2= 2.61 [27.51/(27. 51+x)]x.

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The Effects of Timing and Insecticides Applied at Early Stage of Second Rice Cropping Season on Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stal) Population Development Cheng Jia'an,Zhu Zengrong,Lou Yonggen 1995, 9(2): 108-114 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (382KB) ( )   Field experiments on population development were carried out in northern Zhejiang, China. The results showed that brown planthopper BPH), Nilaparvata lugens(Stal), populations in various treatment plots were decreased in a range after insecticide application. The control efficacies for peak size, however, were closely related to the insecticides used and the timing,and the efficacies declined with population progressing. The population growth rates in sprayed plots were significantly higher than those in unsprayed plots, which were resulted from the side-effects of insecticides on natural enemies, especially the microspiders and mirids, and reduction of density-dependence effects. The main period causing increase of BPH population growth rate was from peak time of nymph plus adult of first generation after immigration, to peak time of egg of second generation after immigration, i.e. within 2 to 3 weeks after spraying. BPH resurgenced in triazophs treated plots. The possible approaches to improve chemical control of BPH were also discussed.

研究简报

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Analysis on Inheritance of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Chen Shenguang,Min Shaokai,Xiong Zhenmin,Wu Jianli,Zhu Xudong 1995, 9(2): 115-118 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (188KB) ( )   Wild-Abortive(WA), BT and Honglian(HL) male sterile(ms) lines are three major types of cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines in hybrid rice production in China. The spikelet fertilities of F1 generation between the different type of ms lines and their ms maintainer lines indicated that WA maintainer line could restore the fertility of Honglian ms line, and that the fertility of BT ms line could be restored by WA maintainer line in case of a wide-compatibility gene has been introduced into the maintainer line, Honglian maintainer line could strongly restore of WA ms line. However, it could only fairly restore BT ms line due to imcompatibility between the subspecies of indica and japonica rice. The BT maintainer line could maintain the fertility both of WA and Honglian ms lines. Data analysis suggested the non-allelic gene interaction among these three types of ms lines, and the genotypes of each type of ms line are presented.

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Studies on Pathogenic Fusarium Species of Rice Bakanae Disease and Strains Luo Junguo 1995, 9(2): 119-122 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (111KB) ( )   Infection plants of bakanae disease were collected from 22 counties(cities) in Hubei Province during 1990-1992. Thirty five isolates of single spore were isolated from the disease plants. Identification indicated that 31 isolates were F. moniliforme var. zhejiangensis; 2 isolates were F. gramineum;1 isolate was F. oxysporum;1 isolate was F. solani. Thirteen kinds of plants inoculated with F. moniliforme var. zhejiangensis indicated that 6 ones were infected, among the hosts, Sudan grass and soybean were two new ones. Rice cultivar 837 inoculated with 13 differential strains of F. moniliforme var. zhejiangensis indicated that strong pathogenic strains were 38.4%, middle pathogenic strains were 15.7%, other strains were weak pathogenic ones. Hibrid rice Shanyou 48-2 with 13 differential strains indicated that strong pathogenic strains were 23.1%, middle pathogenic strains were 30.8%, other strains were weak pathogenic ones.

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Effect of the Male Gametocide CRMS on Protein and Free Amino Acids in the Anthers of Rice Plants (in English) Wang Xi,Yu Meiyu,Tao Longxing 1995, 9(2): 123-126 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (77KB) ( )

研究简讯

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Regeneration of Transgenic Rice Plants Resistant to Bacterial Leaf Streak and Bacterlal Blight of Rice Department of Biotechnology,China National Rice Research Institute 1995, 9(2): 127-127 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (26KB) ( )