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10 October 1995, Volume 9 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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Inheritance of Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice Zhang Xianguang,Gong Guoxiang,Huang Yongkai 1995, 9(4): 193-198 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (370KB) ( )   The inheritance and gene effects for resistance to bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in four rice varieties were analyzed by bi-parental backcrossing design. The inheritance of resistance to two strains (typeⅡ: KS-6-6 & type Ⅳ: Zhe 173) was found to be incompletely recessive, which was in good conformity with the additive-dominance model by the individual scaling test; additive effects were highly significant but not the dominance and epistatic effects. The additive genetic variation contributes most to the total although both additive and dominance variations were present, as were shown by the higher heritabilities in both broad sense and narrow sense. A highly significant positive correlation found between the disease scores of strains (Ⅱ and Ⅳ ) indicated that they are non-independently inheritant. It was inferred that the resistance to both strains of bacterial blight in the resistant variety, Jia 23, is characteristic of quantitative inheritance of incomplete recessiveness which may be controlled by a set of multiple genes, and at least one pair of recessive genes in terms of the effective factors is shown to play the leading role in the varieties studied. Implication of screening and selective breeding of resistant rice lines was also discussed.

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Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Their Combined Trait for Hybrids of Indica Rice Wu Jixiang,Zhu Jun,Zheng Zhaisheng,Liu Xinhua,Yu Haifu,Chen Xiaoyang 1995, 9(4): 199-204 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (236KB) ( )   The genotype by environment interactions, and the stability performances of agronomic traits and their combined trait were analysed for hybrid rices in 1991 and 1992 with the methods proposed by Zhu et al. The results indicated that there existed large year by location interactions for most of the studied traits, and genotype by year or genotype by location interactions for some traits. The significant differences among 15 hybrid rices agronomic traits and combined trait showed that the yield for five hybrids (Guangyou 4, Shanyou 63, Ⅱ you 62-16 et al. ) was high, and combined trait value for Shanyou 63, W6154/Tesan'ai and Maxieyou 63 was high too. The single traits and combined trait of hybrids which came from different breeding units were compared.

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Study on Relationship of Double Layer’s Source-Sink for Rice Super-High Yielding Culture Zhao Qiangji,Zheng Jianchu,Zhao Jianhong,Liu Huazhou,Yuan Congyi 1995, 9(4): 205-210 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (377KB) ( )   In order to research the relationship of double layer's source-sink for both the photosynthetic production and the mineral nutrient, two types of soil environmental treatments, narrow bed with dense ditchs and level paddy field, and three levels nitrogen application, 0 kg N/ha, 150 kg N/ha, 225 kg N/ha, were designed. The development and distribution of rice root system play a role in forming a connecting link between photosynthetic source-sink and mineral nutrient source-sink. The improvement of soil water environment may promote the development and extending downward of root system, mineralization of soil N, and N absorption of plant simultaneously. The efficiency of absorption of applied N increases with the N absorbing ability of the plant, it is necessary to increase the utilization efficiency of absorbed N for further increasing the yield efficiency of applied N. It is important to improve the population structure of canopy in order to obtain a harmonious development of double layer's sourcesink.

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Optimal Regulation Technique in Soil Moisture at Paddy Field Zhang Wei,Situ Song 1995, 9(4): 211-216 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (388KB) ( )   Field experiments dealing with the effects of different measures of irrigation-drainage technique on regulating soil moisture and the growing status of rice were conducted during 1992. The results showed that in the same situation under the agricultural measure, the full utilization of the rainfall at late tillering stage with irrigation to make up a deep water could effectively control the number of tillers, increase the percentage of earbearing tillers and had good physiological effect on rice growing. No matter early rice and late rice, the rainfall efficiency is raised, so water-saving and high-yielding could be obtained.

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Effect of Phytic Acid and Chlorine Ion on the Rice Grain Quality Zhou Yong,Wen Tieqiao,Song Guoqing,Fan Chongchun,Ju Chaoming,Xu Guocheng 1995, 9(4): 217-222 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (401KB) ( )   Effect of phytic acid and chlorine ion on the rice grain quality was studied with a early rice variety Yuanfengzao (Oryza sativa L.). The amylum hydrolase activity could obviously be inhibited by foliage spraying phytate on rice leaves during heading to maturing period. The results indicated that amylase activity which lead to starch decomposition reaction can be declined and amylosynthetase can be decreased relatively by phytic acid. It could affect starch synthesis and improve rice grain quality. When applied concentrations of phytic acid are 50, 100 mg/kg during the full heading period, broken kernels yield of the treated rice is 2.8-3.1 percentage point lower than that of the control. However, head milling rice yield is 5-7 percentage point higher than control. Meanwhile, chalkiness score and milky white grain yield are also lower than control. For alkali digestibility and amylose content also can be affected by phytic acid. On the other hand, the results show, as an activitor of diastase, chlorine ion can inhibite activity of amylosynthetase and appear inverse effect to grain quality.

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Protection of 6-Benzyladenine on Cell Membrane System of Rice Seedlings under Chilling Stress Wang Sangen,Liang Ying 1995, 9(4): 223-229 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (288KB) ( )   Chilled (3℃, 48 h) rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were sprayed with 44 μmol/L 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), the increases of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and the decreases of malondialdehyde (MDA) and cell electrolyte leakage were observed. In the same time, 6-BA treatment also enhanced the index of unsaturated fatty acids (IUFA) and chlorophyll content. But no obvious change was found for peroxidase (POD) activity. The protective function of 6-BA to chilled rice seedlings in the dark was stronger than in the light. The sensitivity of SOD located in chloroplasts was higher than in mitochondria and in cytosol. And the result of raising SOD activity of 6-BA treatment to chloroplasts was more effective than to mitochondria and cytosol. When 6-BA was combined with antioxidants, such as 1 mmol/L ascorbic acid (Vc), 5 mmol/L sodium benzoate (SB) and 5 mmol/L diphenylamine (DPA), the coordination for cell membrane system protection was observed.

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Optimal Regulation Technique in Soil Moisture at Paddy Field (in English) Wu Lianghua,Wu Ping,Fang Ping,Tao Qinnan 1995, 9(4): 230-234 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (252KB) ( )   The empirical distribution of the difference between yield deviations, simply Dd distribution, derived from 84 rice fertilizer field experiments (2352 plots) dispersed in 15 provinces of China was studied by means of computer. The results showed that the Dd distribution was symmetric, leptokurtic and significantly different from normal distribution. The cumulative probability distribution function F(X) of Dd could be computed by: F(X) =Pr (Dd≤X) = 1-0. 5 × 10-0.0020987X (Dd≥0). The Dd distribution could be applied to the comparisons of the treatments in dispersed experiments with single replication.

研究简报

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The Forecast of Rice Stripe Disease with Varietal Susceptibility Gao Dongming,Qin Wensheng,Gong Lingen,Qin Weiqin 1995, 9(4): 235-238 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (133KB) ( )   Eight rice varieties with different resistances were inoculated with rice stripe virus and disease incidences of them were obtained. By means of statistical analyses, the disease coefficients of resistant, medium resistant, susceptible and hypersusceptible varieties are 0.25-0.45, 0.46-0.75, 0.76-1.05 and 1.06-1. 65, respectively. The forecasting formula of rice stripe disease established with the varietal disease coefficient and the number of viruliferous insects y= (a+bx)c, a and b are regression coefficient, c is disease coefficient, was obtained, and which has been used for three years in Jiangsu Province, and the forecasted values coincide with practical disease incidences.

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Influences of Uniconazole on the Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour of Two Rice Planthoppers Liu Guangjie,Zhao Weichun 1995, 9(4): 239-241 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (113KB) ( )   The influences of uniconazole on the feeding and oviposition behaviours of the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera, and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens were studied by soaking the seeds of resistant Rathu Heenati (RHT) and IR64, and susceptible TN1 with uniconazole at 100 mg/kg. Both S. furcifera and N. lugens fed less and laid less eggs remarkably on the uniconazole-treated plants than on the untreated ones. Thus, these findings suggest that regardless the susceptibility of rice variety, the resistant level of rice plants to S. furcifera and N. lugens could be enhanced certainly by seed treatment with uniconazole.

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A Preliminary Study on Phytolith of Caryopses of Rice and Its Significance Chen Baozhang,Wang Xiangkun 1995, 9(4): 242-244 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (265KB) ( )   Different plants has different phytolith. There are three types of phytoliths which maybe used to identify Oryza genera. They are special fan-shape, dumbbell shape parallel to each other along the long axes, and special phytolith from caryopses of rice. In order to research their identified characters for race or even sub-race, the modern caryopses of japonica rice, indica rice and common wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff. ). The conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1 ) The shape of phytolith from caryopses of rice may be described as bumps like mound shape with foamed-netted stripes, and with smooth edges. On projecting part of them, there are double nipples; 2 ) The nipples of cultivated japonica rice are blunter and smaller than indica rice; 3 ) the characteristics of common wild rice are between them.

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Identification and Physiological Basis of Rice Tolerant to Photooxidation and Shading Jiao Demao,Gao Liangzhi,Jin Zhiqing,Ji Benhua,Yan Jianmin 1995, 9(4): 245-248 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (152KB) ( )   To elucidate physiological basis of photooxidation and shading tolerance in rice, 18 rice varieties have been identified by simple and effective screening technique for photooxidation and shading tolerance. Results showed that a photosynthetic ecology type adaptated for wide range of light intensities could be selected out. PS Ⅱ activity and RuBPc activity in those varieties declined slower and photosynthetic rate, dry matter weight were relatively stable under adverse light stress.

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Genetic Analysis of Low-temperature-sensitive Seedling-colour Character in the Mutant Fan 5 Dong Yanjun,Dong Wenqi,Zhang Xiaoming,Shi Shouyun,Zhang Hongde 1995, 9(4): 249-250 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (84KB) ( )   A low-temperature-sensitive seedling-colour mutaut Fan 5 was discovered in the field from breeding family in 1990 in Hangzhou. The experiment carried out under condition of artificially controlled five kinds of temperature (20℃, 23.1℃, 26.1℃, 28℃, 30.1℃ ) showed that the seedling-colour of Fan 5 was white at lower temperature(<20℃ ), yellowish white at 23.1℃, yellowish green at 26.1℃, but was normal (green) at higher temperature (>28℃) and that its critical temperature was about 26.1 ℃ for seedling-colour alteration in ten days after sowing. The results of segregation ratios of green seedling to white seedling from F1, F2 and BC1 populations at 20℃ indicated that a recessive nuclear gene controlled low-temperature-sensitive seedling-colour character in the mutant, which would be used as reasonable morphological indicator character for purifing dual-purpose male-sterile line and its hybrids.

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Chemical Restoration of Fertility of Genie Male-sterile Rice with Stable Sterility to Environmental Conditions Xu Rensheng 1995, 9(4): 251-252 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (88KB) ( )   The male-sterile outcrossing progenies of IR36ms, the monogenic male-sterile rice line with stable sterility under various environmental conditions, have the same characteristics in male-sterile as IR36ms with whitish shrivelled anthers and no pollen. The anthers of the progenies of IR36ms, treated with the chemical restoration agent X No. 1 around the meiosis stage, changed to yellow and plumpness. The male-fertility were partially restored to different extent with the highest 50% fertile pollen. Some seeds from self-crossing of the rice were obtained.