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10 October 1997, Volume 11 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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The Indica/Japonica Classification of Mei Hanwei,Li Zhikang,Wang Yiping,Yu Xinqiao,Zhong Daibin,Luo Lijun,Ying Cunshan 1997, 11(4): 193-197 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (354KB) ( )   Segregation and recombination of six characteristics in 287 RIls of Lemont/Teqing were investigated using Cheng's indica/japonica rice classification index. The population has a continuous distribution of total value, a little inclining to japonica type. Most of the RIls were classified into intermediate type. The genetic compose according to 154 RFLP loci had a distribution with more extreme individuals, a little inclining to Teqing. There was a low correlation between the Cheng's total value and genetic compose. The distribution, recombination of different characters and the correlation between different characters and total value was also analyzed.

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Using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Model to Analyze International Hybrid Rice Nursery Data Wang Lei,Zeng Liexian,Yu Hanyong,C.G.McLaren,R.C.Chaudhary 1997, 11(4): 198-204 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (353KB) ( )   International Hybrid Rice Observational Nursery (IRHON) of international Network of Genetic Evaluation for Rice (INGER) in 1994 consisted of 89 cultivars, conducted at 17 locations in six different countries. The augmented design was used in the nursery. The traditional ANOVA and linear models are ado longer able to ex plore cultivar and location interactions effectively in such large scale multilocation trials. In this paper the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model is used, where the interaction is approximated by sum of a few multiplicative terms. By means of biplots the cultivars with specific adaptation to certain locations can be iden tified. Moreover, if the environmental data are available, then AMMI model will provide insight into the interaction. The power and the efficiency of AMMI models is demonstrated by analyzing IRHON data.

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Segregation Distortion of Isozyme Pgi-1 in inter-subspecific Hybrids of Rice Lu Chuangen,Zou Jiangshi,A Ikehashi 1997, 11(4): 205-210 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )   The segregation of isozyme Pgi-1 on chromosome 3 was examined in eight F2 populations, rice (Oryza sativa L. ) inter-subspecific hybrids between an indica cultivar and a japonica or a japonica wide compatibility variety. Four populations showed distorted segregation by the transmission ratio of Pgi-1 via the male garnetes from japonica cultivar by 41. 4%±2. 8% instead of the normal 50%, whereas no segregation distortion was ob served in the other four populations. The segregation distortion of Pgi-1 was not related to the spikelet fertility and pollen fertility. It is possible that there was a new gametophyte gene near the locus Pgi-1 on chromosome 3 of those rice inter-subspecific hybrids, and in this locus, some japonica or japonica wide compatibility varieties have an allele which could mitigate the segregation distortion of Pgi-1 when crossed with the indica cultivar.

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Effeets of Male Sterile Cytoplasms of Yegong (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) and Abortive Wild Rice on Agronomic Characters of Hybrid Rice Cai Shanxin 1997, 11(4): 211-214 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (193KB) ( )   Eight combinations were obtained by crossing two types alloplasmic homonucleus male sterile lines with their two restorer lines, respectively, and the difference of effects at the male sterile cytoplasm on hybrid rice with homonucleus background was compared, under randomized black experiment. The results indicated that the effects of male sterile cytoplasms of Yegong on the yield and major agronomic characters in hybrid rice were superior than those of abortive wild rice. It is an exploitable new type male sterile cytoplasm.

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Immunoblotting Detection of Phytochrome A in Etiolated Shoots of Photoperiod-sensitive Genic Male-sterile Rice and Original Line (in English) Wang Wei,Tong Zhe,Kuang Tingyun 1997, 11(4): 215-221 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (609KB) ( )   Relative contents of phytochrome A(PhyA) in etiolated shoots of the photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile rice (PGMR) and its original line were compared by immunoblot analysis using a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for oat PhyA. This antibody could readily immunoprobe a prominent polypeptide around 120 kD in extracts of both rice cultivars. Several lines of evidence strongly indicated that the polypeptide was rice PhyA. Immunoquantitation revealed that etiolated shoots of PGMR contained 27% more PhyA than the original line per unit protein. The difference in PhyA contents between the two cultivars was the result of de novo synthesis of PhyA polypeptide during seed germination, since no PhyA was detected prior to 36 h after seed imbibition in both rice cultivars. The significance of increased PhyA contents in etiolated PGMR shoots was discussed.

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Evaluation of Pathogenicity in Pyricularia grisea to New Rice Cultivars (Lines) in China Sun Guochang,Sun Shuyuan 1997, 11(4): 222-226 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (207KB) ( )   The pathogenicity of Pyricularia grisea to thirty nine new rice cultivars(lines) or combinations collected from nine provinces in China were evaluated when the rice seedlings were inoculated with 92 isolates of Pyricularia grisea from seven regions in China. The pathogenicity of P. grisea isolates differ from various regions, and many cultivars (lines) or combinations are highly resistant to P. grisea and their virulent frequency are not more than 20%. The interactions between rice cultivars and blast fungi, and the utilization value of the resistant cultivars can be analyzed with pathogenicity association coefficient (PAC) and resistance association coefficient (RAC).

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Influence of Humidity on the Population Increase of Hydrellia sasakii Qin Houguo,Ye Zhengxiang,Luo Renhua,Li Hua 1997, 11(4): 227-230 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (250KB) ( )   Under the relative humidity ranged from 63 % to 100%, there were no significant difference among the durations of egg, larva or pupa stage of Hydrellia sasakii. The survival rate of larva or pupa and whole generation, the number of egg oviposition and the lifespan of adult, population trend index exhibited parabolically trend in crease with the humidity. When the relative humidity is 80. 87%, 77. 76%, 82. 26%, 78. 61%, 78. 80%, 80. 70%, respectively, the survival rate of larva or pupa and whole generation was the highest, the number of egg oviposition was the most, the lifespan of adult was the longest, the population trend index was the largest.

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Effects of Different Application Rate of Urea on the Growth of Rice and N fertilizer Utilization Ratio Under Water Leakage and Nonleakage Conditions (in English) Shen Alin,Liu Chunzeng,Zhang Fushen,Huafu Xiangrong, 1997, 11(4): 231-237 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (194KB) ( )   Effect of different application rate of urea on the rice growth and N fertilizer utilization ratio under water leakage and nonleakage conditions was studied by, 15N trace technique in the greenhouse. The results indicated that hitrogen fertilizer played an important role in the growth of rice. The accumulative amount of dry matter of each organ at different growing stages increased with the application rate of urea. Soil water condition affected the growth of each organ, rice yield and N fertilizer utilization ratio greatly. The root growth of rice was seriously in hibited, and the accumulative amount of aerial part and N absorbed by rice decreased due to long-term submerged status of soil, which the N fertilizer utilization ratio ranged from 18. 66 % to 35. 67 %. The rice growth and N fertil izer utilization ratio under the water leakage condition were relatively superior to that under the nonleakage condi tion, and the N fertilizer utilization ratio reached 42. 0%-65. 8%. There was similar trend about the decrease of utilization efficiency of N with the increase of N fertilizer under two kinds of soil water conditions. The recovery of 15N applied as hasal fertilizer was lower relative to that applied as topdressing fertilizer. The priming effect of fertil nation in the experiment reached 18% of total N contribution ratio under the nonleakage condition higher than that of water leakage condition (5.1%). The remains of N in soil profile 0-80 cm were below 10% of application rate of urea.

研究简报

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Some Physiological Functions and Adaptive Regulation of Carbonic Anhydrase Under Photoinhibition Conditions in Rice (in English) Ji Benhua,Li Xia,Jiao Demao 1997, 11(4): 238-240 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (164KB) ( )

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Effects of Water Temperature on Male Sterility of the Thermo-Sensitive Genie Male Sterile (TGMS) Rice Lines under the Simulated Low Air Temperature Conditions Appeared Occasionally in High Summer Xiao Guoying,Yuan Longping 1997, 11(4): 241-244 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (258KB) ( )   Under the simulated air temperature conditions (daily mean temperature 22. 5℃ or 23. 0℃) appeared occasionally in high summer, eight TGMS rice lines were treated with warm water (28. 6℃, 26. 8 C and 24. 0℃) to study the male sterility. The results indicated that the warm water, the temperature of which was higher than the critical temperature of TGMS lines, was able to keep the male sterility of TGMS lines stable under the conditions of low air temperature which was below the critical temperature. The results of this study provided theoretic basis for applying warm water as an effective measure to prevent the negative effects from low air temperature appeared occasionally in summer in hybrid seed production.

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Evaluation on Competitive Ability of Chemically Emasculated Hybrid Rice Youza 1 to Female Parent Yao Pingfei,Tu Zengping,Cai Weijuan 1997, 11(4): 245-248 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (306KB) ( )   According to the analysis about resistance to agression, competitive effect and synergistic effect of hybrid rice Youza 1 and its female parent Lemont, Youza 1 showed strong competitive ability over Lemont, resulted severe inhibition of tillering, panicle development of Lemont plants. It was demonstrated that there were no significant differences of grain yields when the range of the hybrid seed purities were from 70% to over 90% because of the compensation function by super competitive capacity of Youza 1.

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Nutrient Yield of Vegetative Mass of Rice as Green Feed Yu Hanyong,Jiang Yuming,Tang Shengxiang,Wang Yafen 1997, 11(4): 249-252 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (281KB) ( )   The suitable harvest period, nutritive components and nutrient yields of 12 cultivars/combinations of indica rice as green feed were studied in 1994-1995. The result showed that the average outputs of dry matter, crude protein, fat and carbohydrate of the vegetative mass of rice (green feed) were 150. 4%, 243. 1 %, 207. 7% and 104. 9 % as comparing with those of rice grain. The days to harvesting were 20-28 d shorter in green feed than that of rice grain. In those tested c u it ivars /combinat ions, Xie yo u 2 8 8, Shanyou 48-2 and Xieyou 210 would be good as green feed, and the suitable harvest period is in late booting to heading stage.