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10 July 2000, Volume 14 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
研究简报
实验技术
研究报告


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研究报告

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Regeneration of Transgenic Indica Rice Plants with a Cecropin B Gene and a bar Gene WANG Hui-zhong ,HUA Zhi-hua ,GAO Zhen-yu ,YAN Mei-xian ,QIAN Qian ,HUANG Da-nian 2000, 14(3): 129-132 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (173KB) ( )   Immature embryos of indica rice variety Teqing were bombarded with the plasmid pCB1 containing a bar gene and a cecropin B gene. Three transgenic plants were regenerated after selection. The results of PCR assay and Southern blot analysis showed that foreign genes had been integrated into the rice genome. Transformed plants showed high resistance to herbicide Basta and Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae.

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Genetic Variation of Cold Tolerance Characters of Yunnan Rice Landraces at Indica and Japonica Rice Cropping Regions ZENG Ya-wen,SHEN Shi-quan,XU Fu-rong,ZHANG Jin-yu,PU Zheng-gui 2000, 14(3): 133-138 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (169KB) ( )   Genetic variation of chaff and anther size and seed setting rate at indica rice cultivated region, and warm cool region of japonica rice, and mixed belt of indica and japonica rice cultivated using 15 crosses and five different cold tolerance parents.The results are as follows:(1) Narrow chaff, stable anther size and higher seed setting rate were observed in cold damage condition.There was a negative correlation between anther shorting rate and seed setting rate;and the weakest cold tolerance Towada was the most significant (0.924 ** ).(2)GCA is higher for Kunmingxiaobaigu and Lijing 2 with the strongest cold tolerance. Some near isogenic lines with cold tolerance have been bred using Kunmingxiaobaiogu and Lijing 2 for the donor of cold tolerance gene, and Towada for recurrent parents. (3) SCA and cold tolerance characters differ from generation and rice cropping regions.(4) Variation of indica character and cold tolerance gene accumulated at warm-cool region of japonica rice, and genetic evolution to indica characters.

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Restudy of Ancient Cultivated Rice from Bashidang Site in Lixian County, Hunan Province ZHAO Du-le ,PEI An-ping ,ZHANG Wen-xu 2000, 14(3): 139-143 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (195KB) ( )   The characters of 782 grains of ancient cultivated rice at 8000 BP from Bashidang site in Lixian county were studied in various methods. The ancient cultivated rice was an independent and complicated colony with great variations which are more closed to indica and O.rufipogon; and an original and transitional state of it in the position of evolution were observed. It was deduced to be an original type of cultivated rice which had completely developed in nature without any artificial selection.

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Threshold of Cluster Analysis for Rice Dispersed Fertilizer Experiments and Its Application WU Liang-huan,TAO Qin-nan 2000, 14(3): 144-148 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (160KB) ( )   The classification of 72 replicated fertilizer dispersed experiments in rice growing areas of southern China during two years was carried out by using hierachical clustering methods by amalgamation rule of single linkage. The ranges of Euclidean distances between replications for yields, constants and N, P, K partial coefficients of polynomial regression equations were determined. The variables and their thresholds for classification were calculated and tested, according to the precision of classification, i.e. probability that replications of same experimental site were classified into same group. The constant of polynomial equation was a good variable for classification with its precision average of 73.45%. If necessary, the N, P, K partial coefficients could also be selected as classification variables, and the precision was estimated to be more than 65%.

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Traits Related to Xanthophyll Cycle and Photosynthetic CO2 Exchange in Indica Japonica Hybrid Rice under Midday Strong Light JI Ben-hua ,ZHU Su-qin ,JIAO De-mao 2000, 14(3): 149-156 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (272KB) ( )   To elucidate the protective mechanisms against photodamage in photosynthetic apparatus of rice, the difference in traits related to xanthophyll cycle, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic CO2 exchange among indica japonica hybrids and their parents under midday strong light were studied. Obviously diurnal variation of apparent quantum yield (AQY), D1 protein content, ratio of photorespiration/photosynthesis (Pr/Pn), PS Ⅱ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),non photochemical quenching (qN) and xanthophyll cycle[content of violaxanthin(V), antheraxanthin(A), and zeaxanthin(Z)]in leaves of different genotype rice were observed. Japonica rice kept higher D1 protein content, Fv/Fm and AQY, but lower level of (A+Z)/(A+Z+V), Pr/Pn and qN, as compared with indica rice. However, the physiological parameters mentioned above in reciprocal cross F1 hybrids were between those of their parents, but closed to their maternal lines. The lower AQY and Fv/Fm and higher (A+Z)/(A+Z+V) and Pr/Pn in indica/japonica F1 hybrids than in japonica/indica F1 hybrids were depended on different source of their plastid genes. Data processing showed that markedly positive correlation between D1 protein content and Fv/Fm or AQY and negative correlation between D1 protein content and (A+Z)/(A+Z+V),Pr/Pn or qN were presented. Besides, a positive correlation between (A+Z)/(A+Z+V) and qN was also observed. Furthermore, there was less zeaxanthin content and , as a result, more net loss of D1 protein in the leaves treated with dithiothretol (DTT) than those in control leaves under midday strong light. According to these results, the levels and stabilities of D1 protein encoded by plastid gene from maternal line were proposed as the main physiological basis of the difference in characteristics related to xanthophyll cycle, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic CO 2 exchange among different genotypes of rice, and the xanthophyll cycle in leaves played an important role in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage.

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Simulation on Developmental and Survival Rate of Brown Planthopper Nymphs HAO Shu-guang ,CHENG Xia-nian ,ZHANG Xiao-xi 2000, 14(3): 157-160 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (140KB) ( )   Based on the data from the experimental population researches, the models of developmental and survival rate of Nilaparvata lugens(BPH) nymphs were constructed in different growth stages of rice. The results indicated that the models, which were presented as v(t)=K·A·B/[1+e-r(T-T0) ], A=1-e-(T-TL)/δL , B=1 e-(TH-T)/δH for developmental rate and S(T)=α+βT+γT2 for survival rate, were suitable for simulating nymph′s developmental and survival rate of BPH nymphs.

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Selection of Antagonistic Bacteria to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Interaction of Phyllosphere Microbes on Rice Leaf ZHAO Xin-hua ,CHEN Wei-liang ,LI De-bao 2000, 14(3): 161-164 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (153KB) ( )   From July to October 1998, isolates collected from rice leaves were used to study the microbes community of phyllosphere, the interaction of phyllosphere microbes for screening antagonistic bacteria to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The result showed that Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.were main species. The isolates with obviously antagonistic ability to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae belong to Bacillus. The results also showed that Bacillus spp. have antagonistic ability to most of other phyllosphere isolates on rice leaves.

综述与专论

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Current Status and Prospect in the Development of Breeding Materials and Breeding Methodology of Hybrid Rice CHENG Shi-hua 2000, 14(3): 165-169 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (127KB) ( )   The recent progresses and the main problems in development of breeding materials and breeding methodology of hybrid rice, and its developmental trend were reviewed. The research fields include improvement of current male sterile lines, exploitation of novel male cytoplasm, development of restorer lines with high combining ability, genetic basis of heterosis formation and approaches to breeding super high yielding of hybrids, etc. The research should be focused on application of biotechnology in development of breeding materials and breeding methodology in combination with conventional hybridization technique in the 21st century.

研究简报

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Breeding and Utilization of Core Germplasm Lüzhenzhan 8 in Good Quality Rice ZHOU Shao-chuan,KE Wei,LI Hong,CHEN Guo-rong,XIE Zhen-wen 2000, 14(3): 170-172 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (101KB) ( )   Core germplasm Lüzhenzhan 8 (LZZ) in good quality rice was created by merging of good quality germplasm in late rice (indica) into elite germplasm in early rice (indica). Lühuangzhan, Lüyuanzhan 1 and Lüyuanzhan 7 were bred by further improvement of LZZ via incorporation of germplasm from Australia, japonica and wild rice into local germplasm. The approach to breeding and utilization of core germplasm in good quality rice among ecotypes, varieties from different continents, subspecies and species was discussed.

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RFLP Analysis of Two Rice Mutants Derived from MNU Treatment and Their Original Parent QIAN Qian ,ZENG Da-li ,TENG Sheng ,ZHU Li-huang ,XIONG Zhen-min ,MIN Shao-kai 2000, 14(3): 173-176 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (167KB) ( )   Using 72 RFLP markers distributed on 12 chromosomes together with 8 restriction enzymes the RFLPs among a rice variety, Kinmaze and its giant embryo and sugary endosperm mutants derived from MNU treatment were studied. The results indicated that RFLPs between ge mutant and Kinmaze, su mutant and Kinmaze, and ge and su mutants were 8.3%, 5.6% and 12.5%, respectively. The mutation frequencies in ge and su mutant were 0.0227 and 0.0070 respectively. Based on the number of restriction enzyme detecting RFLPs, most of mutations were attributed to point mutation.

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Analysis of Heterozygosity in Shanyou 63 Based on RAPD and AFLP HE Guang-hua ,TANG Mei ,PEI Yan ,YANG Guang-wei ,ZHENG Jia-kui ,HOU Lei 2000, 14(3): 177-178 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (88KB) ( )   The heterozygosity of 1209 molecular markers was surveyed between Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97A for RAPD analysis using 57 primers and AFLP analysis using 15 primers. The results showed that, 57 RAPD primers amplified 394 bands with a mean of 6.9 bands per primer, resulting in 129 bands of polymorphisms heterozygosity of Shanyou 63 is 32.74 percent, 15 AFLP primers amplified 815 loci with a mean of 54.33 loci per primer, resulting in 289 loci of polymorphisms, the heterozygosity is 35.46 percent. Therefore 1209 markers indicated the heterozygosity of Shanyou 63 is 34.57 percents.

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Relationship Between Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Population in Hybrid Rice JIANG Zhi-xun ,HUANG Zhong-qing ,LI Yi-song ,LUO Zhi-xiang ,SHI Fu-zhi 2000, 14(3): 179-182 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (120KB) ( )   By using hybrid rice combinations 80 you 121 and Xieyou 57 as the experimental materials, the plant population with different quantitative and qualitative traits was cultivated under different planting density. The experimental results show there existed positive correlation between planting density (PD), maximum tillers number (MTN), spikelets number (SN) and effective panicles number (EPN) in quantitative trait of population, and between effective tiller rate (ETR), effective tiller and stem rate (ETSR), seed setting rate (SSR), and grain weight per panicle (GWP) in qualitative trait of population. There existed negative correlation between quantitative and qualitative trait of population, the correlation coefficient of PD and ETR, MTN and ETSR, SN and SSR, EPN and GWP were -0.9121 ** , -0.8184 ** , -0.4943 *, -0.9372 ** , respectively. Under the experimental condition, the direct effect of EPN, GWP, SN, and SSR were larger on rice yield. It is suggested within the scope of adequate EPN and SN, cultivation method for high yield should be on raising GWP and SSR.

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Insecticide Resistance in Different Populations of the White backed Planthopper YAO Hong-wei,YE Gong-yin,CHENG Jia-an 2000, 14(3): 183-184 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (84KB) ( )   Insecticide resistance in different populations of the white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera collected from Zhejiang, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan provinces in China was measured. The resistant levels to methamidophos, malathion, isoprocarb and buprofezin were slightly higher in Yunnan and Hainan populations, but the difference was not significant. The development of insecticide resistance in Sogatella furcifera was discussed.

实验技术

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Comparison of Different Detection Methods for Rice SSR Analysis LI Li ,YANG Jian-bo ,D.J.MACKILL ,P.M.COLOWIT 2000, 14(3): 185-188 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (162KB) ( )   By using 15 microsatellite DNA primers, Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism(SSLPs) of 13 rice genotypes were analyzed and detected with different methods. The results show that denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis including isotopic labelling and automated fluorescence is more effective than electrophoresis on 3% MetaPhor agarose gel . The advantage of the automated fluorescence system as compared to standard [ 32P] labelling sequencing gels are: (1) several bases resolving clearly ; (2) the ability to visualize and analyze by several products in the same lane within the same size range, but with different fluorescent labels; (3)automated sizing; (4)automated data output; and (5)elimination of radioactivity. These advantages increase the efficiency and rapidity of rice SSLPs analysis.

研究报告

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Application of Floating Culture Method on Natural Waters for Rice Root Research WU Wei-ming,SONG Xiang-fu,ZHOU Guo-yan 2000, 14(3): 189-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   Some characteristics of rice roots were compared between rice grown in paddy field and rice grown by floating method on natural waters. The characteristics of rice root, including adventitious root number per shoot, root diameter, root activity, percentage of active root surface area in rice grown by floating method on natural waters,were closely similar with rice grown in the field, the dynamics of root development were also alike. It showed that the floating culture method is suitable for studying rice root, it would be expected to become a practical method for root study in the future.