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10 January 2001, Volume 15 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
实验技术
研究简报


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研究报告

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Sterility Purification of the Photo thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line Pei′ai64S LIAO Fu-ming,YUAN Long-ping,YANG Yi-shan 2001, 15(1): 1-6 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (135KB) ( )   The studies on purifying the sterility of Pei′ai64S, a practical photo thermo sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line in rice, were conducted under the low temperature treatments of 22.0-23.0℃ in phytotron during 1997 to 1999. The results showed that it is feasible to purify the sterility of the PTGMS line Pei′ai64S in highly advanced generation under the low temperature conditions in phytotron. Three lines (9862, 103-1 and 103-2) have been purified in sterility at levels of both pollen sterility and bagged seed set. Moreover, the critical sterility inducing temperature of these three lines has been lowered to 22.5℃, about 1.0℃ lower than that of the original Pei′ai64S. The original PTGMS line Pei′ai64S in highly advanced generation still exists instability in sterility, which is indicated by the remarkable difference in pollen sterility and bagged seed set among its different lines under lower temperature conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to further purify the existing PTGMS lines of high generations in sterility.

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Mapping QTLs for Total Leaf Number of the Main Stem and Its Related Traits in Rice ZHONG Dai-bin,LUO Li-jun,MEI Han-wei,GUO Long-biao,WANG Yi-ping,YU Xin-qiao,YING Cun-shan,LI Zhi-kang 2001, 15(1): 7-12 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (165KB) ( )   Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting total leaf number of the main stem, leafing rate at two different growth stages, heading date, and plant height in a recombinant inbred lines (RIL)population from the cross Lemont (japonica)×Teqing (indica) were investigated using a complete RFLP map with 182 marker loci. Eight QTLs for rate of leaf growth at two different stages, two QTLs for total leaf number of main stem, three QTLs for heading date, and four QTLs for plant height were mapped. Combined with previous studies on this cross, these results provided useful information on the nature of some detected QTLs. For example, QLn3, a main effect QTL from Teqing that give 1.5 leaf more of total leaf number, 9 days delayed heading, and 0.2 leaf increase each ten days during tillering stage in greenhouse condition was identified on chromosome 3 near the marker RG348. This QTL appeared to affect the basic vegetative period of rice plants since it was not affected by the daylength. On the other hand, QHd8 which affects heading date, plant height, and total leaf number of main stem appeared to be influenced by daylength.

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QTL Analysis of Cold Tolerance at the Booting Stage in Yunnan Rice Variety Chongtui YE Chang-rong,KATO Akira,SAITO Koji,ISE Kazuo,DAI Lu-yuan,YANG Qin-zhong 2001, 15(1): 13-16 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) between Japanese variety (Norin 20) and Yunnan variety (Chongtui) were analyzed with 352 markers in this study. One hundred and fifty seven markers had polymorphous bands between the two varieties were detected. Fifty five selected RFLP markers were used for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the cold tolerance at booting stage of 70 F 3 lines of the cross of Norin 20/Chongtui. The results showed that some loci are related to the cold tolerance. The QTLs are mainly distributed on chromosome 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,10 and 12 with major ones on chromosome 3 and chromosome 7.

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The mRNA Expression Level of Rice Chloroplast ATP Synthase Response to Gibberellin LOU Yi-chun,DONG Hai-tao,LI De-bao 2001, 15(1): 17-20 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (196KB) ( )   By using mRNA differential display, gene expression patterns in rice induced by plant hormone-gibberellin were investigated. From 50 combinations of anchor and arbitrary primers, twenty one tagged cDNA fragments were obtained and screened the fragments by reverse-Northern. Five positive cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced. One of which was shown to encode sequences for rice chloroplast ATP synthase. Northern blot analysis indicated that the upregulation of this gene occurs at the transcriptional level in rice after gibberellin treatment for 16 h, suggesting that chloroplast ATP synthase may play a role in rice response to gibberellin.

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Pollen Development and Its Stages in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) FENG Jiu-huan,LU Yong-gen,LIU Xiang-dong,XU Xue-bin 2001, 15(1): 21-28 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (349KB) ( )   By using techniques of intact fresh anther observation, isolated male cell observation and semi thin section, an extensively cytological study was conducted on the pollen development of IR36, an indica cultivar. The results showed that the wholly developmental process could be tentatively divided into eight stages, i.e. microspore mother cell formation stage, microspore mother cell meiosis stage,early microspore stage, middle microspore stage, late microspore stage, early bicellular pollen stage,late bicellular pollen stage and mature pollen stage. The experiment proved that there was not contraction stage in naturally developmental process of the microspores. During the pollen developing, the tapetal cells underwent three types of morphological changes, which help to identify the stages of pollen development.

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Studies on Photosynthetic Rate and Function Duration of Rice Germplasm Resources CAO Shu-qing ,ZHAI Hu-qu ,YANG Tu-nan ,ZHANG Rong-xian ,KUANG Ting-yun 2001, 15(1): 29-34 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (199KB) ( )   Two hundred and thirty rice germplasm resources were used to analyse their photosynthetic rates (P n) and function duration (RSP). The results showed that the variation coefficient of P n and RSP of individuals within a rice variety was 2.0%-11.0% and 3.5%-9.5%, but it was 11.1% and 11.2% among rice varieties, respectively. Analysis of statistics with experimental results showed that the difference of P n and RSP among rice varieties was significant at 1% level, but not between indica and japonica rice. The numbers of indica rice with high Pn and japonica rice with long RSP were relatively more. According to the clustering results, 42 rice varieties were separated into three groups, i.e. high, middle and low of P n and RSP, respectively. Two dimension compositor was made in rice varieties for Pn and RSP, and this coordinate was divided into 4 quadrants. The distribution frequency of indica and japonica rice varieties was the highest in the second and first quadrant, respectively. Some rice varieties regarded as special photosynthesis resources were screened out, such as Xieyou 9308, Lunhui 422, Wuyujing 8, NPT, Shanyou 129. They might be used to optimize rice crossing and study photosynthesis heredity improving in rice.

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Rubisco Activase and Its Regulation on Diurnal Changes of Photosynthetic Rate and the Activity of Ribulose 1,5 Bisphosphate Carboxyase/Oxygenase(Rubisco) WENG Xiao-yan,LU Qing,JIANG De-an 2001, 15(1): 35-40 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (230KB) ( )   To clarify the factors determining the diurnal courses of photosynthesis in a day, photosynthetic rate(Pn), photosynthetic photon flux(PPF), stomatal conductance(Sc), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), relative humidity(RH), temperature(T), transpiration(Trans), initial Rubisco activity(RI), total Rubisco activity(RT),Rubisco activase activity(RCA) were measured. The maximal photosynthetic rate occurred at about 8:30 a.m. when initial Rubisco activity reached the maximum. Then both of them gradually decreased down. After 13:00 p.m., they rose up positively correlated with Pn and the regression coefficient between them was 0.9368. By the correlation analysis and path analysis, stomatal conductance and initial Rubisco activity were found to be major factors limiting photosynthetic rate. The interaction of Rubisco activase activity and other factors on photosynthetic rate were studied by using response surface, and the response surface of every mathematical model was drawn to express their intrinsic relationship. The study showed that Rubisco activase activity had an effect on photosynthetic rate by its regulating initial Rubisco activity.

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Optimum Temperature and Humidity Ratio for Hybrid Rice Seed Production at Flowering Stage MA Qi-lin ,HU Da-ming ,WANG Wei-jin 2001, 15(1): 41-45 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (140KB) ( )   Effect of temperature and humidity combination on flowering habits and activity of enzyme in spikelets were studied using Zhenshan 97A (cytoplasmic male sterile line) and Ce 64-7(restorer line) as materials. Temperature and humidity ratio affected differently flowering habits of cytoplasmic male sterile line and restorer line. A quadratic regression could be used to describe the relationship between index of blooming time synchronization (IBTS) and temperature and humidity ratio. There was a optimum temperature and humidity ratio at flowering stage (40 for Shanyou 64). Activity of enzyme (peroxidase, catalase) in spikelets was differently influenced by temperature under different humidity.

综述与专论

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Prospect of Cloning Rice Gene with Transposable Element Tagging ZHU Zheng-ge,SUN Zong-xiu 2001, 15(1): 46-50 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (147KB) ( )   Transposon tagging is a powerful molecular bio-technique for isolating genes which encode unknown gene products, allowing genes, identified only by their mutant phenotype, to be cloned in recent years. The fundamentals and studied developments on transposon tagging are reviewed as well as the prospect of transposon tagging in rice genes is discussed and evaluated.

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Recent Progress on Research of Rice Population in China ZHANG Hong-cheng,WANG Fu-yu 2001, 15(1): 51-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (145KB) ( )   Progress on research of rice population was summarized, which includes yield production,grain filling,source sink characteristic and optimizing control on rice population.Ten research aspects on rice population had been proposed for the time to come.

实验技术

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Rapid Identification of Starch Viscosity Property of Early Indica Rice Varieties with Different Apparent Amylose Content by RVA Profile WU Dian-xing,SHU Qing-yao,XIA Ying-wu 2001, 15(1): 57-59 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (128KB) ( )   By Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), the starch viscosity properties of early indica rice varieties (lines), which were recently released in Zhejiang Province were analyzed. Different varieties had distinct RVA profiles, and the varieties (lines) with low or high apparent amylose content(AAC) could be quickly distinguished by the setback. In general, the setback values of low AAC varieties (lines) were negative, but those of moderate or higher AAC varieties (lines) were positive. According to the values of breakdown and setback, it could evaluate the superior or inferior properties of starch viscosity of rice varieties with similar AAC. The breakdown value of RVA profile was closely related to gel consistency and rice taste, and the setback value was linked to rice texture. It suggested that the characteristics of RVA profiles could be used as an important physical / chemical marker to assisted selecting good quality rice.

研究简报

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AFLP Analysis for Some Japonica Rice from Taihu Lake Region DIAO Li-ping,WANG Jian-fei,SHAO Han-chi,ZHANG Hong-sheng,YANG Tu-nan,YANG Jin-shui 2001, 15(1): 60-62 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (139KB) ( )   Twenty four japonica rice cultivars from Taihu Lake Region were investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The genetic interpenetration of local cultivars into high yield commercial cultivars was analyzed based on AFLP data. The rusults showed that there was more inheritance distance among commercial cultivars than local cultivars. More genetic components of commercial cultivars came from other germplasm outside Taihu Lake Region but from local cultivars. The results agree with genealogy analysis for high yield commercial cultivars.

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5-azacytidine-mediated Phase Reactivation of cry1Ab Transgene and Its Biological Effects on the Transgenic Rice WU Gang ,CUI Hai-rui ,SHU Qing-yao ,XIA Ying-wu ,GAO Ming-wei ,Illimar ALTOSAAR 2001, 15(1): 63-66 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (192KB) ( )   Different concentrations of 5-azacytidine combining with different treatment time were employed to treat the transgenic rice with a transcriptionally silenced cry1Ab transgene. The results indicated that 5-azacytidine could reactivate 8%-30% of the silenced transgenic rice plants and the expression of the reactivated cry1Ab transgene could reach as high as 0.147% of the total soluble protein. Treatment with low concentration of 5-azacytidine could lead to the highest reactivation ratio and the expression of the cry1Ab transgene. Meanwhile, treatment with azacytidine could result in dwarfism, reduction in tiller numbers, grain weight per plant, panicle length and the delaying in flowering. The study showed that 5-azacytidine could be used as a potential mutagen in overcoming of transgene silencing and creation of the transgenic plants with elite agronomic traits.

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Stability of Grain Yield Traits and Their Correlation in Hybrid Rice JIANG Kai-feng,ZHENG Jia-kui,ZHAO Gan-lin,ZHU Yong-chuan,WAN Xian-qi,DING Guo-xiang 2001, 15(1): 67-69 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (114KB) ( )   Based on the estimates of stability of grain yield and its components in hybrid rice by AMMI model, the relationship among stability of traits and between stability of traits and the value of grain yield components were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the effects of genotype and environment for every trait were significant at 1% level. Besides effective tiller number, the other traits had genotype by environment interaction, and 1000 grain weight was the most stable component. The coefficient of correlation of stability between grain yield and seed setting rate and between total spikelets per panicle and both 1000 grain weight and seed setting rate were positive and significant at 5% level. The coefficients of correlation between 1000 grain weight and the stability of total spikelets per panicle and between seed setting rate and its stability were negative and significant at 5% level. The comprehensive improvement of grain yield components in hybrid rice of high and stable grain yield was discussed.

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Analysis on Relationship between Characters of Leaf Type and Yield Components YANG Cong-dang,YUAN Ping-rong,ZHOU Neng,ZHU De-feng,YANG Ai-bing,ZHENG Xue-yu,HUANG Qing-yu,YING Ji-feng 2001, 15(1): 70-72 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (114KB) ( )   Using nine high yielding varieties, the characters of leaf type and yield components under field condition were investigated in 1996 and 1998, and relationship between them were analyzed. When the angles between leaf and stem were less than 20°, the larger the angles of flag leaf, second and third leaf from the top were, the more the seed setting rate and theoretical yield were, there were positive correlation between them. The 1000 grain weight was correlated with the length of flag leaf, but negatively correlated with the length of second and third leaf from the top, which showed that the length of flag leaf was one of the effective components to 1000 grain weight. When the curvature of leaf was less than 0.015, there was negative correlation between curvature of flag leaf and spikelets per panicle. It suggested that the larger the curvature of flag leaf was, the less the spikelets per panicle were.

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Sink, Source and Flow Characteristics of Rice Variety Yuexiangzhan with High Harvest Index LIAO Yao-ping,CHEN Zhao-ming,HE Xiu-ying,CHEN Shun-jia,CHEN Yue-han 2001, 15(1): 73-76 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (174KB) ( )   By comparing rice variety Yuexiangzhan, a high harvest index variety with Qishanzhan, Jingxian 89, the mainly varieties cultivated in Guangdong Province, the sink, source and flow characteristics of rice variety Yuexiangzhan was studied.The results showed that Yuexiangzhan had higher sink, filling sink ability, and ratio of grains to leaf area, stronger photosynthetic ability during growing stage, especially from heading to yellow ripening compared with Qishanzhan and Jingxian 89. The source and the sink was coordinated in Yuexiangzhan. More photosynthate was translated to grains after flowering, and the flow was unimpeded between the sink and the source. The main reason of Yuexiangzhan forming high harvest index and high yield was due to balance and coordination of sink, source and flow.

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Resistance Mechanism of Oryza minuta to Nilaparvata lugens XIAO Han-xiang ,ZHANG Liang-you 2001, 15(1): 77-80 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (174KB) ( )   The resistance of Oryza minuta to the brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens was analyzed by applying Modified Seedbox Screening Technique(MSST). Based on the significant differences between O. minuta and TN1, the susceptible check variety, in a series of resistance indices such as survival, honeydew amount, population establishment, body weight, ovary development, the number of eggs laid and damaged scale of rice, etc., the resistance mechanism of O. minuta to BPH was synthetically evaluated. The results were as follows: The resistant score of O. minuta to BPH is zero, it was a high degree of resistance. On O. minuta, the survival rate of BPH was 18%, the honeydew amount was 6.04 mm2, the number of population establishment was 21.8 per female, the body weight increased was -0.33 mg, the ovary development was 2.9 grade, the average number of eggs laid was 29.67, but on TN1, the survival rate of BPH was 82%, the honeydew amount was 46.8 mm2, the number of population establishment was 217.0 per female, the body weight increased was 2.27 mg, the ovary development was 4.8 grade, the average number of eggs laid was 229.3, the divergence between them were significant. It was confirmed that the resistance mechanism of O. minuta to BPH was antibiotic and nonperference.