Archive

10 September 2004, Volume 18 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
综述与专论
研究报告
实验技术
研究简报


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

综述与专论

Select

Molecular Breeding for Super Rice Hybrids CHENG Shi-hua,ZHUANG Jie-yun,CAO Li-yong,CHEN Shen-guang,PENG Ying-cai,FAN Ye-yang,ZHAN Xiao-deng,ZHENG Kang-le 2004, 18(5): 377-383 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   The application of molecular marker assisted selection (MAS) for the variety development in rice was reviewed, with emphasis on progress made in the development of super rice hybrids in China, and on work conducted by the authors, including the identification and application of subspecies differentiating DNA markers, mapping of quantitative trait loci, and MAS for disease resistance restorer lines and new hybrid rice combinations.

研究报告

Select

Performance and Inheritance of Rice Starch Viscosity (RVA Profile) Characteristics LI Xin,ZHANG Rong,SUI Jiong-ming,LIANG Guo-hua,SHEN Xin-ping,YAN Chang-jie,GU Shi-liang,GU Ming-hong 2004, 18(5): 384-390 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (454KB) ( )   The classification and inheritance of rice starch RVA profiles were studied by testing RVA profiles of clonally propagated F2 population and some varieties. The results were listed as follows: (1) All the RVA profiles of accessions could be divided into six types: A, B, C, D, E, F. Feature profiles of waxy variety was Type A. Indica variety′s profiles could be presented as B, C, D, E and F types and japonica variety′s feature profiles included D, E and F types. (2) RVA profiles of rice varied with apparent amylose content(AAC), but the difference for RVA also could be detected in the varieties with similar AAC. As to the varieties with low or middle AAC, their RVA profiles characteristics could be used as indexes to evaluate their eating quality. (3)RVA profiles of four hybrid combinations had the same aspects, except peak viscosity and pasting temperature of F1 , the components index of RVA profiles characteristics of F1 were between those of its parents. So the improvement of the quality of hybrid rice need the improvement of the CMS line and the restorer line together. (4)In clonally propagated F2 population, all the characteristics of the RVA profiles exhibited continuous segregation. Peak viscosity was a typical quantitative character, while hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, breakdown, setback and consistence, each might be controlled by a major gene and several minor genes.

Select

Genetic Analysis of Space Induced Rice Dwarf Mutant CHA-1 and Its Response to Gibberellic Acid (GA3) WANG Hui,LIU Yong-zhu,ZHANG Jian-guo,CHEN Zhi-qiang* 2004, 18(5): 391-395 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (287KB) ( )   A dwarf mutant CHA-1 obtained from a high-plant rice cultivar Tehuazhan by space inducement, and its response to gibberellic acid (GA3) at seedling stage was studied. CHA-1 was sensitive to GA3, but it was different to Nipponbare(japonica) and Aijiaonante(indica) (both with semidwarf gene sd-1) in sensitivity to GA3. Further genetic analysis revealed that the mutant was controlled by a dwarf gene which was non-allelic with dwarf gene sd-1.

Select

QTL Mapping and Epistasis Analysis of Rice Root Growth Ability at Seedling Stage HU Xing-ming,GUO Long-biao,ZENG Da-li,GAO Zhen-yu,TENG Sheng,LI Hao-ge,ZHU Li-huang,QIAN Qian 2004, 18(5): 396-400 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2096KB) ( )   A doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of Zhaiyeqing 8 / Jingxi 17 F1, a typical indica and japonica hybrid, was used to analyze root growth ability of DH population at seedling stage by using floating cultural method. QTLs and epistasis for this trait were identified by using the constructed molecular linkage map and QTLMapper V1.0 software. A QTL controlling root growth ability was detected between C63 and CT125 on chromosome 3. Five pairs of epistatic loci associated with root growth ability were located on chromosome 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 12, respectively. Two pairs of epistatic loci for root length and root number were detected, respectively. One of them was simultaneously identified both in root length and root number.

Select

Cold Tolerance of Core Collection at Booting Stage in Association with Ecogeographic Distribution in Yunnan Rice Landrace (Oryza sativa), China LI Shen-chong ,ZENG Ya-wen*,SHEN Shi-quan,LI Ben-xun,ZHANG Zhong-sheng,QI Liu-hua,PU Xiao-ying 2004, 18(5): 401-406 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2886KB) ( )   According to 16 prefectures and five rice cropping regions in Yunnan Province, 477 accessions of core collection of Yunnan rice landrace were identified for geographic distribution and cold tolerance at booting stage. The results showed:(1)There was a significant positive correlation(0.588 **) between anther length and seed setting rate under natural low temperature conditions but contrary in greenhouse(0.080). (2)There was comparablely significant difference in cold tolerance of core collection at booting stage under natural low temperature conditions while no basically cold damage in greenhouse(seed setting rate approached or exceeded 70%) at different rice cropping regions in Yunnan Province.Cold tolerance of core colletion at booting stage of northwest Yunnan cold highland japonica region was the strongest,but that of south marginal paddy-upland rice region was the weakest.Thus the breeding goals for cold tolerance were different on various rice cropping regions.(3)There was great difference in cold tolerance of core collection at booting stage under natural low temperature conditions while no basically cold damage in greenhouse(seed setting rate exceeded 65%) at different prefectures in Yunnan Province. According to seed setting rate reduction and characteristics of natural climates of different prefectures, 16 prefectures could be divided into three categories: region of serious cold damage, region of secondary cold damage and region of slight cold damage.(4)The significant difference of cold tolerance revealed further that temperature change caused by elevation and latitude was not only a dominant factor of differentiation of japonica and indica but also the basic reason that genetic diversity and six ecological groups of indica and japonica developed,even critical element that gene of cold tolerance produced.The cold tolerance at booting stage resulted from the synergetic evolution of Yunnan rice landraces and low temperature at different rice cropping regions or prefectures for a long time.

Select

Ideal Plant Type of Core Germplasm Luzhenzhan 8 and Its Pedigree in Good Quality Rice ZHOU Shao-chuan,LI Hong,HUANG Dao-qiang,LU De-cheng,WANG Jia-sheng 2004, 18(5): 407-414 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (3344KB) ( )   The correlation analysis of agronomic and grain quality characteristics in Qingliuai 1, Luzhenzhan 8, Luyuanzhan and its pedigree showed that:1)In early-cropping season,yield and eating quality (EQ) were not significantly correlated to 15 agronomic characters and 9 grain quality characters; grain density per panicle (GD) was highly significantly negative correlated to chalkiness, amylose content (AC) and imperfect grain(IG), and it was highly significantly positive correlated to gel consistency (GC) and length-width ratio. 2)In late-cropping season, yield was highly significantly positive correlated to seed setting rate, panicle length, flag leaf length, and the width of the 2nd and 3rd leaves from the top, while it was highly significantly negative correlated to the length of the 2 nd and 3 rd leaves from the top. EQ was significantly negative correlated to chalky grain rate and chalkiness and highly significantly positive correlated to GC. Principal component analysis indicated that: 1) Chalkiness factor had very significantly negative linear relationship to EQ in the early-cropping season .2) Panicle length factor had very significantly positive linear relationship to yield, head rice factor had very significantly negative linear relationship to EQ in the late-cropping season. Altogether, most characters and their relationship of the pedigree were changed between early- and late-cropping seasons, the ideal plant types of rice between early and late-cropping seasons were significantly different as far as the same set of rice varieties(lines)in South China was concerned. Integrated breeding indices concerning further development of the pedigree were discussed.

Select

Breeding of a New Indica Rice Mutant Line “Zhe 101” for Resistance to Blast and Bacterial Leaf Blight by Space Mutation YAN Wen-chao,SUN Guo-chang,XU Jian-long,YU Fa-ming,MAO Xue-qin,JIN Qing-sheng* 2004, 18(5): 415-419 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2311KB) ( )   Air-dried seeds of indica rice variety Zhe 9248 were carried by recoverable satellite (RS) for space mutation. Mutagenic effects of outer space environment (OSE) of 175-354 km above sea level on rice plant were studied. Results showed that the germination percentage of the seeds and characters of SP1 generation had no evident change. Segregation of major characters such as plant height,growth period duration(GPD),length of panicle,1000-grain weight and so on,appeared in the SP2 generation resulting from RS. Mutant line Zhe 101 selected from the mutant progenies showed significant improvement in GPD,disease resistance and yield. Resistance to the blast and bacterial leaf blight disease was tested by inoculating the mutant with 20 strains of Magnaporthe grisea artificially from six blast regions, and dominant pathotype Ⅳ of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae in Zhejiang Province. The average resistance scales were only 1.4 and 1.7 for leaf blast,and 1.6 and 1 3 for neck node blast, in 2001 and 2002 respectively. The average scale of bacterial leaf blight disease resistance was 1.4 in 2002. The mutant line Zhe 101 was resistant to 14 blast fungus strains. The rate of blast resistance for Zhe 101 was higher than that of its parent and CK. The mutant is likely to be used in breeding for variety improvement.

Select

Key Parameter Affecting the Quality of High-Throughput DNA Sequencing in Rice MAO Wei-hua,GAO Qi-kang 2004, 18(5): 420-424 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1508KB) ( )   By using rice plasmid as materials, the feature of MegaBACE 1000 DNA analysis system and the key parameters affecting the quality of DNA sequencing were analyzed. It showed that the quality of plasmid DNA was the key parameter affecting sequencing, and the homogeneity of the sequencing reaction products in the same plate was critical to improve efficiency of high-throughput DNA sequencing.

Select

Comparison on Grain Filling Characters Between Hybrid and Conventional Rice in Northern China WANG Jian-lin,XU Zheng-jin*,MA Dian-rong 2004, 18(5): 425-430 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (233KB) ( )   Grain filling characters of hybrid and conventional rice cultivars from northern China were analyzed by Logistic equation. There existed very significant difference in grain filling parameters between the conventional and hybrid rice. The difference in grain filling duration would result in the discrepancy of grain weight in different varieties, and this was one of the main factors. It would be favorable to increase grain weight by enhancing initial rate of grain filling and prolonging grain filling duration. The discrepancy of grain weight among the same cultivar might result from the difference of grain filling rate. The assimilate distribution rate to the grain in hybrid rice remained higher than that of the conventional rice, which compensated the deficiency of assimilate during the later period of grain filling. It suggested that to maintain longer duration with high rate of grain filling would be helpful to obtain heavier grain weight.

Select

Relationship between Canopy Spectral Reflectance Characteristics and Grain Quality Traits in Rice XUE Li-hong,CAO Wei-xing,LI Ying-xue,ZHOU Dong-qin,LI Wei-guo 2004, 18(5): 431-436 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (251KB) ( )   Relationships of grain quality traits including milling quality, appearance quality and nutrition quality to canopy spectral reflectance, ratio and normalized difference indices in rice were investigated. Grain milling quality of rice were significantly negative correlated to ratio index and normalized difference index at maturity stage, especially to the ratio index and normalized index of 1650 nm and 660 nm with the determination coefficient higher than 0.80. The correlation between grain appearance quality and spectral reflectance characteristics were only slight but not significant. Most of the correlation coefficients between grain protein content and ratio indices and normalized difference indices were higher than 0.80, significant at 0.01 level. While grain starch content was most significantly correlated with the ratio index and normalized index of 710 nm and 660 nm at filling stage with correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.71. These results suggested that it was feasible to monitor and predict main grain quality in rice by using remote sensing technique.

Select

Effect of Root Cutting on Rice Yield by Shifting Normal Paddy to Upland Cultivation WANG Qiang,FAN Xiao-lin*,LIU Fang,LI Fang-min,D. KLAUS,B. SATTEMACHER 2004, 18(5): 437-442 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (244KB) ( )   Field experiment was conducted to investigate rice yield response to the distribution of carbon-hydrates under waterlogged (paddy) conditions and upland conditions with soil surface mulched by rice-straw (upland) for the same rice variety, and to test the influence of upland cultivation on rice yield by cutting off rice root. Grain yield of upland rice (5850.9 kg/hm2 ) was significantly lower than that of paddy rice (6685.7 kg/hm2 ). However, straw yield of the former (5735.5 kg/hm2 ) was higher than that of the latter (5489.5 kg/hm2 ). Percentage of filled grains per tiller of paddy on an average was significantly higher than that of upland. Nevertheless, the percentages of leaves, sheaths and unfilled grains of upland were greater than those of paddy. Root to shoot ratio of upland rice (0.116) was remarkably bigger than that of paddy rice(0 087). Root respiration rate of the former was 2.7 times of the latter. There was a trend of grain yield increase by root-cutting under upland conditions, but to the contrary under paddy conditions. Grain yield of rice with 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of root cut off per hill on average decreased by 23%, 15% and 20% compared to rice without root-cutting under normal paddy conditions. However, under upland conditions, the grain yield of rice with 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of root cut off increased by 20%, 7% and 3% compared to that without root-cutting respectively. It could be concluded that upland conditions might block the translocation of carbon-hydrates and accumulate a lot of carbon-hydrates in leaves and sheaths, which resulted in unfilled grains. Root biomass increased under upland conditions and the redundant root growth might also consume more carbon-hydrates and decrease yield of rice under upland conditions.

Select

Characteristics of Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Different Position Leaves at Booting Stage in Rice Plants JIN Song-heng,JIANG De-an *,WANG Pin-mei,ZHAO Kai,WENG Xiao-yan 2004, 18(5): 443-448 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (215KB) ( )   To investigate the senescence among different position leaves at booting stage in rice plant, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence properties for different leaf positions of six rice cultivars were examined. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased significantly with lowering of leaf positions, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) had little change, which indicated that the decrease of photosynthetic rate did not result from the decrease of g. The decrease of SPAD reading which had a close correlation with chlorophyll content was one of the apparent reasons resulted in decease of Pn. Further evidence by chlorophyll fluorescence showed that the photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ and its electron transport rate (ETR) decreased substantially with lowering of the leaf positions but the variable-to-maximum fluorescence ratio (F v/F m) and efficiency of energy conversion of open PSⅡ (F′ v/F′ m) maintained rather stable, suggesting that primary limitation of Pn was suppressed by electron transport of PSⅠ, and probably associated with carbon assimilation.

Select

Effects of Salt Concentration and Temperature on the Screening of Salt-Tolerance in Rice WANG Jian-fei,CHEN Hong-you,YANG Qing-li,YAO Ming-zhe,ZHOU Guo-an,ZHANG Hong-sheng 2004, 18(5): 449-454 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (236KB) ( )   Salinity tolerance rating (STR), relative dry weight of shoot(RDWS), relative plant height (RPH) and Na+/K+ in root of 20 rice cultivars were examined at 3- to 4-leaf stage aquacultured with different NaCl concentrations for 10 days. Results indicated that large variability of STR and Na+/K+ in root among 20 cultivars occurred under 0.5% NaCl stress, while that of RDWS and RPH appeared under 0.8% NaCl stress. It suggested that these two NaCl concentrations were appropriate for differentiating the salt tolerance of rice seedlings. Based on the results of the four indexes, Jiucaiqing, Norin 72, 80-85, Dongtingwanxian and Dingxuedao were classified into strong salt-tolerant cultivars, and Pokkali, IR26, Xiaobaimangdao, Mengwanggu and Minghui 63 were medium salt-tolerant. Furthermore, eight cultivars were selected to identify the salt tolerance of rice at 3- to 4-leaf stage under three different temperatures. It was found that the Na+/K+ in root and STR were a little different among evaluated cultivars at the low temperature (23±3℃/15±1℃, day/night), but they were aggravated with the death of some cultivars at the high temperature(36±1℃/26±2℃, day/night). Only in the relatively mild temperature(30±2℃/24±2℃, day/night), there was the most significant difference in the Na+/K+ in root and STR among evaluated cultivars, so it was considered that the relatively mild temperature was proper temperature to screen salt tolerance of rice cultivars.

Select

Sensitivity Detection and Resistance Variation of Magnaporthe grisea to Kitazin P, Carbendazim and Tricyclazole ZHANG Chuan-qing ,ZHOU Ming-guo ,SHAO Zhen-run ,LIANG Gui-mei 2004, 18(5): 455-460 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (259KB) ( )   One hundred and twenty-nine Magnaporthe grisea isolates from Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China in 2000 were tested for resistance frequency to kitazin P and carbendazim respectively at distinctive concentrations. The resistance frequency of M. grisea isolates to kitazin P, which had not been used in practice for about 10 years was as high as 79.1% and one carbendazim-resistant isolate was detected in Gaoyao City, Guangdong Province (with a frequency of 0.78%). Meanwhile, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of hyphal melanization was adopted to detect the sensitivity of Magnaporthe grisea to the inhibitor, tricyclazole. The melanin biosynthesis in M. grisea showed several different sensitive degrees to tricyclazole, but no correlation between these MIC values completely inhibiting melanization in hyphal and the EC50 values of tricyclazole against rice blast tested in vivo was observed. Kitazin P-resistant mutants and carbendazim-resistant mutants were recovered by chemical taming and UV irradiation, but none tricyclazole-resistant mutant was got.

实验技术

Select

Vision Inspection Analysis of Seed Characteristics in Hybrid Rice and Construction of Image Information Base CHENG Fang*,YING Yi-bin 2004, 18(5): 461-465 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (282KB) ( )   Incompletely closed glumes, germination on panicle and disease were three characteristics of hybrid rice seed causing poor seed quality. The typical images of hybrid rice seeds with germination, severe disease, incompletely closed glumes, spot disease, fine fissure and normal seeds were made with a machine vision system. Each image could be processed to get the feature values of seed such as length, width, ratio of length and width, area, solidity and hue. Then all images of normal seeds were calculated to draw the feature value ranges of each variety. Finally, an image information base which stores typical images and feature values of each category was established.

Select

Automatic Detection of Head Rice SHANG Yan-fen,HOU Cai-yun,CHANG Guo-hua,ZHOU Xiao-feng 2004, 18(5): 466-468 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (159KB) ( )   A head rice detection system was developed using the image processing technology. It could detect head rice and broken rice automatically from mass rice. A calculation model was established based upon a lot of experiments on rice shape.

研究简报

Select

Race Monitoring of Rice Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in China XU Zhi-gang ,SUN Qi-ming ,LIU Feng-quan ,CHEN Zhi-yi ,HU Bai-shi ,GUO Ya-hui ,LIU Yong-feng ,LIU Hong-xia 2004, 18(5): 469-472 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (151KB) ( )   Based on inoculation test, six varieties (Jingang 30, IRBB3, IRBB4, IRBB5, IRBB14 and Java14) were selected as differential varieties for monitoring races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo) in China. Xoo population in China could be divided into eight races, named as C1 to C8, respectively. The races C1 and C2 were stable and predominant. Therefore, cultivars carrying resistant gene Xa3 could still be planted widely. The number of races C4 and C5 increased during the last 10 years. The resistance gene Xa4 will be arrested by the races C4 and C5. The genes xa5 and Xa7 showed qualitative resistance to all the races in China, and it is very important and valuable to introduce those genes for further breeding programe in China.

Select

Effect of Rice Volatiles on the Larvae Orientational Behavior of the Striped Stem Borer (Chilo suppressalis) CHEN Hua-cai ,SHEN Qun-chao ,LOU Yong-gen ,CHENG Jia-an* 2004, 18(5): 473-475 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (122KB) ( )   The orientational behavior of the 1st- and 3rd- instar larvae of the striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) to the volatiles emitted from rice plants was studied with a Y-tube olfactometer. The following treatments were set: healthy plants vs clean air (HP vs CA), striped-stemborer damaged plants vs clean air (SSB-DP vs CA), rice leaf folder damaged plants vs clean air (RLF-DP vs CA), HP vs SSB-DP, HP vs RLF-DP and SSB-DP vs RLF-DP. The result showed that volatiles from all rice plants had significant attraction to both the 1st and the 3rd instar larvae. The orientational selection of larvae to the volatiles from differently treated rice plants(HP, SSB-DP, and RLF-DP) had no significant difference.