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10 September 2005, Volume 19 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
实验技术
研究简报


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研究报告

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Identification of QTL for Plant Height and Its Components by Using Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice(Oryza sativa) HE Feng-hua ,XI Zhang-ying ,ZENG Rui-zhen ,Akshay TALUKDAR ,ZHANG Gui-quan 2005, 19(5): 387-392 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (158KB) ( )   QTL for plant height and its components on the substituted segments of 52 single segment substitution lines(SSSLs) in rice were identified between SSSLs and the recipient parent Huajingxian 74 by t-test.On 14 substituted segments,24 QTL were detected,10 for plant height,2 for panicle length,4 for length of the first internode from the top, 5 for the length of the second internode from the top and 3 for the length of the third internode from the top,respectively.All these QTLs were distributed on 9 rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5,9 and 11.The additive effect of QTL ranged from 4.08 to 3.98 cm.And the additive effect percentages of the QTL varied from 19.35% to 10.43%.

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Characterizations and Genetic Analysis of Twisted Stem and Tiller Angle(ts-ta) Mutant in Rice WANG De-kai ,FU Ya-ping ,HU Guo-cheng ,SI Hua-min ,SUN Zong-xiu 2005, 19(5): 393-398 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (281KB) ( )   A rice mutant ts-ua with righthanded helical stem at seedling and considerable tiller angles was screened from T-DNA inserted rice mutant pools.Moreover,the mutant showed dwarf,later heading and lower fertility than wild plants.The size of epidermis cells was different between nearside and starboard cells observed from the longitudinal section of twisted stems by histological sections.Genetic analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.The ts-ta mutant was not induced by T-DNA insertion though it was screened in T-DNA inserted mutant pools.Therefore,the mutant gene could not be isolated by T-DNA tagging method.

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Genetics Analysis of Early Generation Stability in Rice ZHOU Li-jun ,AO Guang-hui ,XIAO Yi ,WU Xian-jun ,LI Shi-gui 2005, 19(5): 399-405 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (110KB) ( )   Early generation stability rice varieties(EGSRV) and conventional rice varieties(CRV) were selected as parents to analyze the genetics of early-generation stability(EGS).The EGS lines could be derived from some crosses between EGSRV and EGSRV,and EGSRV and CRV at different frequencies,but no EGS lines were developed in crosses between CRV and CRV.Genetics analysis revealed that the EGS traits just existed in some special rice,and the frequency of EGS lines was highly associated with the traits of the both parents.In addition,the EGS traits were neither qualitative traits nor quantitative traits,and they were governed neither by dominant genes nor by recessive genes.The EGS traits could be inherited to F1single plants by crossing,and the traits in F2 population were considered as the genetics unit,i.e.F3and F4 lines derived from non-segregating F2 showed uniform agronomic traits,and those from segregating F2 did not,indicating the EGS traits were formed in F1 single plant.When EGS lines occurred,the Mendelian laws in segregating lines were observed in all F2 populations of the same combination.It was suggested that the EGS lines might exist special factors regulating genes at the beginning of cell division in zygosity,which close mitosis and open somatic meiosis,resulting in the chromosomal rearrangement and forming homozygosity in F1single plants,and some lines with the uniform agronomic traits in F2 population appeared.

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Dissection and Genetic Analysis of the Major Restorer Gene of D-type Hybrid Rice Restorer Line WANG Yu-ping ,LI Shi-gui ,CAO Gang ,MA Yu-qing 2005, 19(5): 406-410 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (116KB) ( )   To dissect the major restorer gene of D-type hybrid rice restorer line,a set of near-isogenic lines(NILs) carrying gene of fertility restoration from Minghui 63 with a genetic background of D297A were used. Through careful trait investigation and marker-assisted selection of the offsprings of both the back-crossed and self-crossed plants,an individual,NIL 818,which contained a major restorer gene and had genetic background very similar to that of D297A(only 1.5% of the SSR sites revealed the genotype of Minghui 63) was chosen.Moreover,the fertility segregation ratio of F2 populations of D297A/818,D62A/818 and Zhenshan 97A/818 were fitted to 3∶1 confidently,it was proved that the NIL 818 contained a major restorer gene.Investigation on the pollen fertility and seed setting rate of F1 population of these combinations and the seed setting rate of the hybrids with NIL 818 crossed by several types of CMS lines in different ecological areas indicated that the difference of fertility restoration ability between the single major restorer gene and the whole restorer genes of Minghui 63 was very small,and the expression of the major restorer gene was stable in different genetic backgrounds.

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Specific Spikelet Fertility as Indicator of Cold Tolerance at Booting Stage in Rice XU Fu-rong ,YU Teng-qiong ,Yan Hong-mei ,TANG Cui-feng ,YE Chang-rong ,LIANG Bin ,DAI Lu-yuan 2005, 19(5): 411-416 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   By using the parents,Kunmingxiaobaigu,a landrace variety with cold-tolerance from Yunnan,China,and Towada,a cold-sensitive variety bred in Japan,as well as their F8 and F9(RIL) progenies as tested materials,cold tolerance of rice at the booting stage in 2002 and 2003 under four different altitudes(environments),and the correlationship between spikelet fertility and specific spikelet fertility(spikelet fertility of nine spikelets from the 3rd to the 5th spikelets of three primary branches at the top of each panicle) of single plant were analyzed.Variance,correlation and stepwise regression analysis revealed that there was significant correlationship between spikelet fertility and specific spikelet fertility with the range from 0.7364 to 0.9011.However,under the cold stress conditions,the correlation coefficients were higher than those without cold stress.Panicle exsertion was correlated to both spikelet fertility and specific spikelet fertility.It was suggested that specific spikelet fertility could replace spikelet fertility as an indicator and panicle exsertion be used as an assistant indicator for cold tolerance identification at the booting stage.

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Effects of Special Formulated Fertilizer Synergist on Endogenous Phytohormones in Rice under Drought Stress XIAO Lang-tao ,WANG Shao-xian ,PENG Ke-qin ,XIA Shi-tou ,CAO Yong ,LIU Hua-ying 2005, 19(5): 417-421 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (117KB) ( )   Pot experiments with middle-season rice variety Peiliangyou 93 served as material were conducted to study the effects of synergist added to special formulated fertilizers on endogenous phytohormones ABA,IAA,GA3 and ZR in rice plant under soil drought conditions.After drought treatment,ABA accumulated massively first and then decreased.ABA in roots and leaves rose sharply,58 to 101 times as high as that in the control in roots.ABA accumulation in root was much faster than that in leaf.Synergist treatment enhanced the accumulation of ABA.Before drought stress,the contents of IAA,ZR and GA3 in roots under synergist treatment were higher than those of the control,while under drought stress,the contents of IAA,ZR and GA3 in roots decreased,and the decreasing rates of synergist treatment were larger than those of the control.However,the changes of IAA,ZR and GA3 contents in leaf were contrary.

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Effects of Panicle Type and Row Spacing on Light Distribution of Rice Canopy WANG Jian-lin ,XU Zheng-jin 2005, 19(5): 422-426 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (109KB) ( )   Two indexes,semi-extinction depth(Ds) and canopy light intensity(CLI) were introduced to analyze the effects of panicle type and row spacing on light distribution of rice canopy.Leaf angle was the main factor to determine light distribution at the booting stage.Generally,the smaller the leaf angle was,the better the light distributed.At the full-heading stage the light distribution was mainly attributed to the panicle.Curved panicle cultivars caused much shade so as to affect light distribution.Light distribution was also influenced by the panicle at the grain filling stage.For any cultivars,the more the row spacing was,the better the light distribution was throughout the growth period.At different stages,light distribution changed significantly for the same cultivar and row spacing.In general,light distributions at booting stage were better than those at the full-heading stage,and improved at the grain filling stage.But the rules were various for the different cultivars.

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Effects of Soil Cu Content on Root Traits in Association with Grain Yield of Rice XU Jia-kuan ,YANG Lian-Xin ,WANG Zhi-qiang ,DONG Gui-Chun ,HUANG Jian-Ye ,WANG Yu-long 2005, 19(5): 427-433 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (123KB) ( )   In order to investigate the effect of soil Cu content on morphological and physiological traits of main root at the tillering and heading stages in association with the grain yield of rice,pot experiments were conducted using the japonica variety Wuxiangjing 14 as materials.Rice root growth was inhibited seriously by soil Cu stress,and the damage to rice root growth were increased with the increment of soil Cu content,similar trends were found under both silty soil and loam soil conditions.At the tillering stage,lower soil Cu content had small effect on the amount of α-NA oxidation ability per unit dry weight of root and contents of zeatin(Z) + zeatin riboside(ZR) in root,while higher soil Cu content resulted in significant decreases in the root activity per unit dry weight.With the increasing of soil Cu content,the proportion of the root growing before elongation was decreased,while that after elongation was increased,resulting in significant enhancement in the amount of α-NA oxidation ability per unit root dry weight at the heading stage.Soil Cu treatments had a significant effect on the amount of α-NA oxidation ability per plant.The higher the soil Cu content was,the smaller the amount of α-NA oxidation ability per plant at the elongating and heading stages became.With the increasing of soil Cu content,the grain yield decreased significantly.Similar trends were found under both silt soil and loam soil conditions.The regression analysis showed that significant positive correlations existed between root dry weight,the amount of α-NA oxidation ability per plant at heading and grain yield of rice,with correlation coefficients of 0.95** and 0.97**,respectively.

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Effect of N,P,K Fertilizers on Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca and Mg Contents and Yields in Rice E Sheng-zhe ,YUAN Ji-chao ,DING Zhi-yong ,YAO Feng-juan ,YU Xiao-ping ,LUO Fu-xiang 2005, 19(5): 434-440 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (181KB) ( )   In a field experiment,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca and Mg contents and yield of rice under different N,P and K fertilizers application levels were studied with two varieties in Xichang City,Sichuan Province.Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca and Mg contents in rice increased first and then decreased with the increasing application rate of N fertilizer.For Diantun 502,contents and yields of Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca and Mg in rice reached the highest level at 90 kg/hm2 N and the rice grain yield at 180 kg/hm2 N.However,for Hexi 39,contents of Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca and Mg in rice reached the highest level at 180 kg/hm2 N and grain yield at 270 kg/hm2 N,which suggested that indica rice Diantun 502 was more sensitive to N fertilizer than japonica rice Hexi 39.The supply of P fertilizer reduced the contents and yields of Fe,Cu,Mn and Ca in rice,but adequate rate of P fertilizer was of benefit in increasing content and yield of Mg.Properly supply of K fertilizer could increase the contents and yields of Fe,Zn,Cu and Mn in rice.For the two rice varieties,the contents of Fe,Zn,Cu and Mn in rice attained the highest level at 90 kg/hm2 K2O,but supply of K fertilizer significantly decreased the contents and the yields of Mg and Ca in rice.

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Variation of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities at Different Developmental Stages in Rice ZENG Lu-sheng ,LIAO Min ,HUANG Chang-yong ,LUO Yun-kuo ,XUE Dong 2005, 19(5): 441-446 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (109KB) ( )   A pot experiment was conducted to study the variation in the soil microbial biomass carbon(Cmic),soil microbial biomass nitrogen(Nmic),soil respiration intensity,soil microbial metabolic quotient,soil enzyme activities,and chlorophyll content,proline content and peroxidase activity(POD) in rice leaf at different developmental stages under submerged conditions.The Cmic,Nmic and soil respiration activity significantly ascended at the early stage and then declined during rice growth,but ascended slightly again at maturity.Whereas soil metabolic quotient declined at all stages.Soil urease activity increased firstly and then decreased,but acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities descended first and then ascended,and descended again.Soil urease activity and acid phosphatase activity showed a peak value about 30 days after rice transplanting,but the peak value of dehydrogenase activity emerged about 50 days after rice transplanting and the three soil enzyme activities were significantly different at different developmental stages.As rice growing,chlorophyll content in rice leaf descended at the early stage then ascended sharply and a peak value appeared about 70 days after rice transplanting.POD activity increased gradually,but proline content declined gradually.It was suggested that soil biochemical characteristics was affected significantly by rice growth in the interaction system of the rice,soil and microorganisms.

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Realized Heritability and Inheritance Mode of Monosultap Resistance in Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) CAO Ming-zhang ,SHEN Jin-Liang 2005, 19(5): 447-452 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (120KB) ( )   A colony of the striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis,collected from Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province,was further selected in laboratory with monosultap using topical application method.After selection with monosultap for 19 generations in 24 generations of laboratory culture,resistance to monosultap in the selected strain(WZ-R) increased by 25.0-fold,and 774.5-fold compared with that of the pre-selected and the susceptible baseline of HLJ strain,respectively.The realized heritability(h2) estimated from early selection stage(0.230 for F3-F8,consecutive selection for 6 generations) was significantly smaller than that from later stage(1.205 for F19-F23,consecutive selection for 5 generations),while the h2 estimated from middle inconsecutive selection stage(F9-F18,during which there were a total of 4 generations without selection) was the smallest(0.024).Inheritance of monosultap resistance in WZ-R strain,studied by log dose-probit(LD-p) analysis for progenies of reciprocal crosses,two backcrosses and a F1 self-cross indicated that resistance to monosultap was inherited autosomaly in an incompletely dominant manner,with a degree of dominance for reciprocal cross F1s being 0.56 and 0.63,respectively,and monosultap resistance in WZ-R appeared to be controlled by two or more genes.

综述与专论

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Highlights in Identification and Application of Resistance Genes to Bacterial Blight ZHANG Qi 2005, 19(5): 453-459 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (124KB) ( )   The international differential system for resistance to bacterial blight(BB) was established using a common base of research methods by collaborative studies between Tropical Agricultural Research Center(TARC) and International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) in 1982-1987.Up to June 2005,there are a total of 30 BB resistance genes registered internationally or reported in international journals.Among them,the genes Xa22(t),Xa26(t),xa26(t),Xa27(t),Xa28(t),Xa29(t) and three Xa25(t) were tentatively designated and subjected to further be re-arranged.Twenty-one and 9 out of the 30 Xa genes are dominant and recessive,respectively.Thirteen genes exhibit all-growth-stage resistance,two genes Xa21 and Xa25(t)(O.minuta) express resistance at the later tillering stage,and the other 15 genes confer only adult-stage resistance.Seventeen Xa genes were mapped,including Xa3,Xa4,Xa10,Xa21,Xa22(t),Xa23,and Xa26 on chromosome 11; Xa1,Xa2,Xa12,and Xa14 on chromosome 4;xa5 and xa13 on chromosome 5;Xa7 and Xa27(t) on chromosome 6;Xa25(t) on chromosome 12;and Xa29(t) on chromosome 1.Five Xa genes were cloned,including Xa1,xa5,Xa21,Xa26 and Xa27.Application of resistance to bacterial blight was also discussed.

实验技术

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Rapid Determination of Silicon Content in Rice(Oryza sativa) DAI Wei-min ,ZHANG Ke-qin ,DUAN Bin-Wu ,SUN Cheng-xiao ,ZHENG Kang-le ,CAI Run ,ZHUANG Jie-yun 2005, 19(5): 460-462 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (94KB) ( )   A method for rapid determination of silicon content in rice was introduced.The reliability of this method was verified by using a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population of rice combination Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46.Two hundred and forty nine RILs were transplanted in two replications.Simple correlation coefficients of the silicon content in the hull,flag leaf and culm in rice between duplicate samples of 498 rice materials were 0.97954,0.97026 and 0.98848,respectively.Simple correlation coefficient between the silicon content determined by the high-temperature alkaline fusion method and by the present method with 10 representative samples was 0.9993.

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Establishment of Direct Sequencing Method with Colony PCR Products and Its Application in Rice Gene Sequencing MAO Wei-hua 2005, 19(5): 463-466 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (456KB) ( )   A method for direct sequencing using colony PCR products was established.Under controlled conditions,colony PCR could be used to screen and identify positive clone,and its products could be used as sequencing templates directly.The sequencing result was reliable.Compared with conventional plasmid DNA sequencing method,colony PCR products sequencing method was faster and simpler.However,when the products were used to sequence the DNA with long PolyT and PolyA,the sequencing efficiency was low.

研究简报

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Reducing Amylose Content of Indica Rice Variety 057 by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection ZHANG Shi-lu ,NI Da-Hu ,YI Cheng-xin ,LI Li ,WANG Xiu-feng ,WANG Zong-yang ,YANG Jian-Bo 2005, 19(5): 467-470 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (195KB) ( )   To lower the high amylose content(AC) of an elite indica rice restorer line 057,four indica varieties(R367,91499,Yanhui 559 and Hui 527) with low amylose content were used as donor and backcrossed with recurrent parent 057 respectively,and their backcrosses were identified using a molecular marker(PCR-AccⅠ).There existed significant differences in AC(among) three Wx genotypes(GG,TT,GT).Amylose contents in rice grain were more than 20% in GG genotype,17.71% to 28.48% in GT genotype and less than 18% in TT genotype.It was suggested that the PCRAccⅠ molecular(marker)-assisted selection for AC of rice grain was usable and reliable,and the AC of 057 had been lowered successfully.

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Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between Rice Grain Chalkiness and Root Activity at Grain-Filling Stage ZHONG Xu-hua ,HUANG Nong-rong 2005, 19(5): 471-474 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (94KB) ( )   Field and pot experiments were conducted by using indica rice varieties with different chalkiness.There were significant differences in root activity among the used materials.Both the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with root activity expressed as α-naphthylamine oxidation ability(NOA) per gram of fresh root(NOAfw),NOA per spikelet(NOAgrn),or NOA per sink capacity(NOAsink).The NOAsink was more closely related to chalkiness than NOAfw and NOAgrn when varieties differing greatly in panicle size and grain weight.Application of NO3——N fertilizer at heading resulted in higher root activity and reduction of chalkiness.While application of 30 mg/L NaN3(respiration inhibitor) resulted in reduced root activity and increased chalkiness for GD9501 with more chalky grains,whereas increased root activity and reduced chalkiness for Qinliu′ai with less chalky grains.The chalky grain rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with root activity at 10 days after heading under different chemical treatments(r=-0.8567* and r=(-0.9211**,) respectively).

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Effect of Direct-Seeded Dry Cultivation with Plastic Film Mulching on Physiological Characteristics of Root and Leaf at Grain-Filling Stage and Grain Yield in Early-Season Indica Rice Tang Mei-ling ,CHENG Wang-da ,YAO Hai-gen ,XU Min 2005, 19(5): 475-478 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (113KB) ( )   The comparative experiments were conducted to study the difference between direct-seeded dry cultivation with plastic film mulching(DC) and conventional paddy cultivation(PC) in physiological characteristics of root and leaf,and its influence on grain yield in early-season indica rice.Under DC conditions,the rice had lower 1000-grain weight,which was one of the most important factors resulting in lower grain yield in comparison to PC.The lower grain weight under DC was mainly attributed to early and quick senescence of rice root and leaf at the grain-filling stage,showing that the activity of root system,chlorophyll content,leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate were reduced faster,and the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in flag leaf were reduced quickly but the malondialdehyde content in flag leaf increased from heading to maturity under DC.Therefore,it is very important to slow down the rate of senescence in root system and leaf at the grain-filling stage for higher yield under DC.

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Content Variations of Secondary Compounds in Rice Plants and Their Influence on Rice Resistance to Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens ZHAO Ying ,HUANG Feng-kuan ,TONG Xiao-li 2005, 19(5): 479-482 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (163KB) ( )   Content variations of the four components affecting rice resistance to the brown planthopper(BPH) biotype Ⅱ in rice plants and their influences on rice resistance to BPH were investigated.The resistance diversity of rice to BPH biotype Ⅱ at different plant ages was chiefly attributed to the content variability.And the contents in the leaf sheath were the lowest as compared with those in other parts.It might be one of the reasons why BPH has a preference of feeding on leaf sheath aggregately from chemical point of view.