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10 November 2006, Volume 20 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告

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Study on Glycogen Synthase Kinase Gene Expression Variation under Drought Stress in Rice by Real-Time PCR WEI Min ,XIONG Jian-hua ,LI Yang-sheng ,FU Bin-ying 2006, 20(6): 567-571 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (113KB) ( )   Glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy-like(GSK) genes encode kinases that are involved in a variety of biological activities.To study the differential expression of GSK gene under drought stress at different developmental stages and in different tissues of rice variety IR64,relatively quantitative analysis was performed by realtime PCR.The expression level of GSK gene in leaf was higher under drought stress than under the water treatment,and the increase was especially obvious from the tillering to heading stages,which suggested that rice leaves are very sensitive to water shortage at these developmental stages.However,the expression level of GSK gene in root at the seedling stage decreased notably under drought stress whereas kept stable in leaf.Therefore,it is considered that GSK gene of rice expressed differently at different growth stages and in different tissues.

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Identification of a Propiconazol Inducible Gene in Rice YIN De-suo ,WANG Shi-quan ,DENG Qi-ming ,LI Shuang-cheng ,WANG Ling-xia ,LI Ping 2006, 20(6): 572-576 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (278KB) ( )   After rice seedlings were induced by spraying the fungicide propiconazole,a cDNA fragment was cloned by(mRNA) differential display,whose corresponding transcription was enhanced in response to chemical treatment.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this cDNA was homologous to multiple ESTs of rice and its amino acid sequences was homologous to GMPase gene in several plants including rice on chromosome 1 with 100% identities.RT-PCR showed that the transcript level increased after application of exogenous propiconazole.

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A Preliminary Molecular Characterization and Functional Investigation on OsBTB Gene Induced by Magnaporthe grisea in Rice JIANG Yu-xin,DONG Hai-tao,ZHUANG Jie-yun,ZHENG Kang-le,LI De-bao 2006, 20(6): 577-582 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (190KB) ( )   BTB/POZ domain is localized in N-terminal region of this protein family,which belongs to C2H2 zinc finger transcriptional factors.A protein encoded by GMPOZ gene contained this domain was localized in cell nucleus.A gene(OsBTB) coding for a GMPOZ-like protein detected in the near-isogenic rice(Oryza sativa L.subsp.indica) lines,H7R and H7S,infected with an isolate of Magnaporthe grisea ZB15,was sequenced and characterized.Northern and Western blotting assay indicated that OsBTB was induced during M.grisea infection in the rice isogenic lines H7R and H7S,and expressed differentially in the incompatible and compatible interaction between rice and M.grisea.Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated representation of OsBTB gene expression was corresponding with the selected resistant and pathogenesis-related genes.Thought together,it might be involved in resistant reaction induced by M.grisea.

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Purification and Analysis of Abscisic Acid-Specifically-Inducible Protein from Rice Callus JIANG Hua ,WAN Jia ,GAO Xiao-ling ,CHEN Jing ,WANG Xu-dong ,XU Zheng-jun 2006, 20(6): 583-588 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1359KB) ( )   Two ABA-specifically-inducible proteins from rice callus,were isolated and purified by precipitation with 65%-100% saturated(NH4)2SO4,followed by the DEAE-sepharose,TSK-gel,and two-dimension electrophoresis.Iso-electric point(pI) of the proteins with the same molecular mass(24.5 kD)were 6.1 and 6.9 respectively.Western blotting analysis indicated that the expression of the proteins at the different tissues had obvious diversity.The A1(pI 6.1) protein was(detected) in the rice callus treated with ABA and the seed embryos(SE),but not in young plants,the callus without ABA treatment and the white dry callus(WDC).The A2(pI 6.9) protein was found in the callus treated with ABA,WDC and SE,but not in other materials without ABA treatment.These two proteins might play some important roles in the processes of seed embryo(or somatic embryos) formation.

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SSR Analysis on Diversity and Genetic Relationship Among Eight AA-genome Oryza Species YANG Zhi-rong ,LI Run-zhi ,WEI Xing-hua 2006, 20(6): 589-595 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (183KB) ( )   Genetic diversity and interrelationships among the eight AA-genome Oryza species were investigated.A total of 42 accessions of 8 AA-genome rice species were genotyped by using 30 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers,which are(evenly) distributed throughout the rice genome.All of the 30 SSR markers generated polymorphic bands,revealing 100% (polymorphism.) The number of alleles(A) per locus ranged from 3 to 10 with an average of 7.47 alleles.Average effective(allele) number per locus(Ae) varied from 1.25 to 8.91 with a mean level of 5.45.Shannon′s index(I) per locus averaged 1.826 and was various from 0.454 to 2.386,and Nei′s gene diversity index(He) ranged from 0.199 to 0.888 with an average of 0.774.The 42 accessions were grouped into 3 major clusters(Africa,Asia and South America group) according to SSR-based dendrogram constructed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average(UPGMA).Integrated analysis of clustering,Nei′s genetic distance and SSR polymorphic band patterns in the tested rice materials revealed that the highest genetic relation was presented between O.sativa and O.rufipogon,O.glaberrima and O.barthii.Weedy rice(O.spontanea) had a closer genetic relationship with O.rufipogon and O.sativa,whereas O.glumaepatula and O.longistaminata are genetically distant to other AA-genome Oryza species.The results also demonstrated that SSR analysis was a powerful method for detecting polymorphisms among the different AA-genome Oryza accessions.

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ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of the 34 Populations of Oryza meyeriana Distributed in Yunnan Province WAN Ya-tao ,A Xin-xiang ,FAN Chuan-zhang ,XU Fu-rong ,TAN Xue-lin ,YU Teng-qiong ,TANG Cui-feng ,DAI Lu-yuan 2006, 20(6): 596-602 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (864KB) ( )   The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of Oryza meyeriana Baill.distributed in Yunnan Province was analyzed by using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat markers(ISSR).A total of 168 bands were amplified,of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB) was 80.36%.A genetic diversity was revealed as H=0.2666 and I=0.4028 at population level.Based on the administrative division,latitude and longitudes,river valleys,altitudes of their origins,the 34 populations could be divided into different groups,and their indexes of Na,Ne,H,I and PPB were calculated.Richer genetic diversity was discovered in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture,followed by Lingcang,Xishuangbanna,Baoshan and Dehong Prefectures in order,as well as in the wild rice populations originated from the sites with altitudes higher than 710 m around the middle and lower region of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean.The 34 populations could be classified into two groups,one group covered the wild rice only distributed in Simao Prefecture while the other covered those in Lingcang,Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefectures.Moreover,the issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.

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Genetic Polymorphism of Wx Gene and Its Correlation with Major Grain Quality Traits in Rice WAN Ying-xiu ,DENG Qi-ming ,WANG Shi-quan ,LIU Ming-wei ,ZHOU Hua-qiang ,LI Ping 2006, 20(6): 603-609 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   An experiment was conducted to analyze the allelic variation of the Wx gene in 50 non-glutinous rice varieties(lines) using molecular markers RM190 [for(CT)n single sequence repeat] and 484/W2R-ACCⅠ(for G/T SNP).A total of seven homozygous(CT)n-type variations,namely(CT)20,(CT)19,(CT)18,(CT)17,(CT)14,(CT)11 and(CT)10,and one heterozygous genotype(CT)11/(CT)18 were detected with RM190,of which(CT)11 and(CT)18 were predominant.Two homozygous(G/G and T/T genotypes) and one heterozygous G/T Wx genotype were detected using 484/W2R-ACCⅠ.Most of the materials with a(CT)11 of RM190 were G/G SNP of 484/W2R-ACCⅠ,while(CT)18 were T/T.The materials tested were grouped into 10 categories using the two markers together.Further analysis indicated that 59.3% variance of amylose content was attributed to the polymorphism of Wx gene resulted from RM190 marker,whereas 56.1% and 24.6% of the variance in amylose content and gel consistency were respectively attributed to the polymorphism of Wx gene resulted from 484/W2RACCⅠmarker.Furthermore,in the presence of SSR and CAPS markers together,72.4% of the variance in amylose content could be explained.The application prospects of the two markers in breeding were also discussed.

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Utilization of eui Gene from Recessive Tall Rice 02428h in Breeding WANG Cai-lin ,ZHAO Ling ,ZHU Zhen ,ZHANG Ya-dong 2006, 20(6): 610-614 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (122KB) ( )   In order to improve the extrusion of photo-and thermo-sensitive sterile line Pei′ai 64S by the use of elongated uppermost internode(eui) gene of wide compatibility rice 02428h,a new photo-and thermo-sensitive sterile line P8hS characterized by the elongated uppermost internode was bred by transferring the eui gene into Pei′ai 64S through three times of successive backcrossing.Compared with Pei′ai 64S,the plant height of P8hS was 35.6 cm higher,resulting from the elongation of the uppermost internode and the second internode from the top.The extrusion of Pei′ai 64S was completely improved and positive effects were found on the main economic characters of P8hS and its hybrids by introducing eui gene into Pei′ai 64S.

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Effects of Free Air CO2 Enrichment and Storage on the Components and Contents of Polyamines in Rice Grains ZHOU Yi-feng ,LI Jun-ying ,CAI Qing-sheng ,LIU You-liang ,YU Bing-jun ,ZHU Jian-guo ,ZHANG Wen-hua 2006, 20(6): 615-620 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (85KB) ( )   An experiment was conducted to investigate the types,components,and contents of polyamines in grains of two rice varieties,IR24(Oryza sativa subsp.indica) and Asominori(Oryza sativa subsp.japonica) under FACE(free air CO2enrichment) and storage treatments.There was no obvious difference in total polyamines in grains between two varieties under natural ambient conditions.FACE treatment reduced the total polyamine contents in Asominori,but did not affect those in IR24,resulting in higher polyamine contents in IR24 than in Asominori.The total polyamine contents in IR24 grains decreased after being stored for one year under natural ambient conditions.The content of bound type polyamines was more than half of total polyamines in IR24 and Asominori,and spermidine(Spd) was major bound polyamines.FACE treatment decreased bound-Spd and increased conjugated-Spd in the grains of two varieties.The FACE effects were dissolved after storage for one year.

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Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Photosynthesis and Photo-Protection Mechanisms in Rice Plants PENG Hai-huan ,WENG Xiao-yan ,XU Hong-xia ,JIANG Qin-su ,SUN Jun-wei 2006, 20(6): 621-625 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (121KB) ( )   Erjiufeng(EJF),a potassium-susceptible variety,and Yuanfengzao(YFZ),a potassium-tolerant variety,were used to study the effects of potassium deficiency on the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in rice seedlings.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and stomatal conductance(Gs) of the two varieties decreased significantly in the potassium deficient rice leaves.The content of the key enzyme of photosynthesis(Rubisco) was declined,whereas,the activity of the key enzyme of antioxidant-system(SOD) was increased in the potassium deficient rice leaves.The further study by chlorophyll fluorescence measurement showed that under potassium deficiency Fv/Fm,ФPSⅡ,qP and ETR were declined as time extended,indicating that the PSⅡ reaction center was damaged.Potassium deficiency also decreased the light-saturation points in both varieties.In that conditions,the light energy absorbed by PSⅡ was in excess of the need for assimilation,and a significant increase of NPQ in the stressed leaves of both varieties was detected,which indicated that the mechanism of thermal dissipation had been started to dissipate excessive light energy,and protected the plants from photoinhibition and photo-oxidation.Otherwise,it was also showed that YFZ was more tolerant to potassium deficiency compared with EJF,because YFZ could keep stronger photosynthetic ability with high resistance to(photoinhibition) under the potassium deficiency.Moreover,the photo-protection mechanism under potassium deficiency was also discussed.

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Effect of High Temperature on Sucrose Content and Sucrose-Cleaving Enzymes Activity in Rice during Grain Filling Stage LI Tian ,LIU Qi-hua ,Ryu OHSUGI ,Tohru YAMAGISHI ,Haruto SASAKI 2006, 20(6): 626-630 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (116KB) ( )   The dynamic changes of sucrose,fructose,glucose contents and differences in sucrose synthase(SS),vacuolar invertase(VCI),and cell wall bound invertase(CWI) activities in rice grain after flowering were studied under natural and high temperatures by using two japonica varieties Koshihikari and Sasanishiki as materials.In rice grains,sucrose synthase activity was higher than invertase activity,and positively significantly correlated with starch accumulation rate,indicating that sucrose synthase played an important role in sucrose degradation and starch synthesis.Sucrose content in rice grains(increased) significantly,whereas fructose and glucose contents did not increase correspondingly under high temperature,suggesting that high temperature treatment enhanced sucrose accumulation,but diminished sucrose degradation in rice grains.Sucrose synthase,vacuolar invertase,and cell wall bound invertase activities in rice grains at high temperature decreased definitely compared with controls,showing that the deceleration of sucrose-degradation rate was related to the decrease of(sucrose) synthase and invertase activities.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Rice Seedlings Growth with Partial Roots Exposed to Water Stress CHEN Gui ,ZHOU Yi ,GUO Shi-wei ,SHEN Qi-rong 2006, 20(6): 638-644 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (101KB) ( )   In order to distinguish the different physiological response of the roots and shoots of rice to water stress,the effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth of rice seedlings were studied by using a split-root system and simulated water stress(by adding 100 g/L PEG6000) with three nitrogen forms(NH4+,NO3-and mixture of NH4+ and NO3-) supply.The results showed that: 1) The growth of NO3--N supplied rice plants were significantly inhibited by water stress,however,no pronounced differences were found under NH4+-N supply.The biomass of rice was not affected by partial-root water stress in the three nitrogen forms,but rice root parameters with sole nitrate supply decreased significantly under water stress compared to those without water stress.2) Water stress stimulated the absorption of NO3--N.3)The photosynthesis was inhibited by water stress under NO3--N supply,but no effects were noted under NH4+-N supply;the physiological water use efficiency was not affected byonclick="SelectDisplayDiv('EnDivSummaryMoreSummary','EnDivSummaryMore');DisplaySpanDiv('EnDivSummaryHuanYuan')"> either total or partial-root water stress under three nitrogen forms.4)Under the total water stress,photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency was decreased under NO3--N supply.

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Comparative Study on Resistant Starch Structure of Resistant Starch Enriched Rice Mutants JIAO Gui-ai ,TANG Shao-qing ,LUO Ju ,Melissa FITZGERALD ,Leslie T. ROFEROS ,HU Pei-song 2006, 20(6): 645-648 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (100KB) ( )   Two resistant starch enriched rice mutants RS111,AE and the wild type rice R7954 and IR36 were compared in the resistant starch structure by using gel permeation chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.The main component of the resistant starch in RS111 was amylose,the ratio of amylose to amylopectin was much higher compared to the wild type R7954,and the resistant starch amylopectin chain length distribution in RS111 was similar to the wild type,only the proportion of short chains of DP(degree of polymerization)=10 was decreased;Howerver,for the resistant starch in AE,the proportion of amylose and amylopectin were almost equal,amylose and amylopectin were both increased,and amylose to amylopectin ratio was not distinctively different from the wild type IR36,but the amylopectin chain length distribution was much different from the wild type,the proportion of short chains of DP=10 was much higher,but the proportion of chains of DP= 16 and 21 was much lower compared with the wild type IR36.

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects Herbivores and Stimulates the Populations of Major Insect Pests of Rice LU Zhong-xian ,YU Xiao-ping ,Kong Luen HEONG ,HU Cui 2006, 20(6): 649-656 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (60KB) ( )   Nitrogen is firmly considered as one of the most important factors affacting the development of herbivore populations.The application of nitrogen fertilizers in plants can normally increase herbivore feeding preference,food consumption,survival,growth,reproduction,and population density.But a few examples had also reported that nitrogen fertilizer reduces the herbivore performances.In most of rice growing areas in Asia,the greatly increased populations of major rice insect pests,including planthoppers(Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera),leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),and stem borers(Scirpophaga incertulas,Chilo suppressalis,S.innotata,C.polychrysus and Sesamia inferens),were mainly attributed to the long-term excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers,in addition to the misuse of insecticides.The optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated paddy fields was proposed for improving the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and reducing the environmental pollution.

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Analysis of QTLs for Resistance to Rice Bakanae Disease YANG Chang-deng ,GUO Long-biao ,LI Xi-ming ,JI Zhi-juan ,MA Liang-yong ,QIAN Qian 2006, 20(6): 657-659 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (156KB) ( )   A japonica/indica double haploid(DH) population,derived from Chunjiang 06 and TN1,was used to analyze QTLs for resistance to rice bakanae disease by artificial inoculation at the budding stage.Both of the parents were susceptible to bakanae disease.Two QTLs(qB1 and qB10) were detected for resistance to bakanae disease on chromosomes 1 and 10,respectively,and both of the two QTLs showed additive effects.

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Genotypic Difference in Cadmium Accumulation in Brown Rice YANG Chun-gang ,LIAO Xi-yuan ,ZHANG Xiu-fu ,ZHU Zhi-wei ,CHEN Ming-xue ,WANG Dan-ying ,MOU Ren-xiang ,CHEN Wen-fu ,ZHOU Shu-qing 2006, 20(6): 660-662 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (27KB) ( )   A pot experiment with six rice varieties at five cadmium stress levels was conducted to study the Cd accumulations in brown rice.Cd contents in brown rice were significantly different among the varieties,as well as the sensitivity of brown rice to soil Cd.It was suggested that screening of low-Cd-accumulation rice varieties should be undertaken in the soils at similar Cd levels.

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Effects of Nitrogen and Silicon Nutrition on Rice Blast Occurrence under Intercropping with Different Type Varieties TANG Xu ,ZHENG Yi ,TANG Li ,ZHANG Chao-chun ,ZHU You-yong ,ZHANG Fu-suo 2006, 20(6): 663-666 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (71KB) ( )   A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen and silicon nutritions on rice blast occurrence on a traditional glutinous rice variety Huangkenuo under intercropping with japonica variety chujing 26.Under the normal nitrogen supply(225 kg/hm2N),the rice biomass aboveground and grain yield under intercropping increased by 15.8% and 20.8%;nitrogen content in culm and leaf reduced by 35.5% and 14.1%;silicon content in culm and leaf decreased by 13.9% and 8.8%,and severity index of leaf blast and panicle blast decreased by 10.0% and 27.7% in Huangkenuo,respectively.Nitrogen content in rice plant at higher nitrogen level(450 kg/hm2N)was higher than that at normal nitrogen level.As a result,the severity indices of leaf blast and panicle blast in Huangkenuo were increased.There was a significant positive relationship between plant nitrogen content and rice blast incidence,the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.820**to 0.968**.The plant silicon content with silicate application was higher than that without silicate application.Consequently,the severity index of panicle blast was decreased.There was a significant negative relationship between silicon content in culm and rice panicle blast occurrence,the correlation coefficient was from-0.969** to-0.707*.The lower plant nitrogen content under intercropping could partially explain the rice blast control under diversified cultivation.

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Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Grain Nitrogen Metabolism during Grain Filling Stage and Cooking and Eating Quality of Rice LIU Hai-ying ,YANG Jing ,QIAN Chun-rong ,JIN Zheng-xun 2006, 20(6): 667-669 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (83KB) ( )   Two japonica rice varieties differed in cooking and eating quality were used to study the effect of spraying(6-benzylaminopurine)(6-BA) at the heading stage on nitrogen metabolism during grain filling stage and on cooking and eating quality.With the process of grain filling,the activity of glutamine synthetase increased gradually and peaked at 20 d after heading and then declined slowly,showing a single-peak curve.At the early stage of grain filling the varieties with high protein content was higher in the activity of glutamine synthetase than those with low protein content.Compared with CK,(spraying) 6-BA at the heading stage improved taste meter value,peak viscosity,breakdown,and soluble protein content of the entries in some degree,and reduced the activity of glutamine synthetase,setback,but protein and amylose contents didn′t(vary) obviously.

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Information System of Rice Gene Database Based on INTERNET E Zhi-guo ,ZHUANG Jie-yun ,CAO Yong-sheng ,QIAN Qian ,WANG Lei 2006, 20(6): 670-672 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (26KB) ( )   Rice Gene Database is one of the key modules of the China National Crop Information Sharing Center,and also one of the sub-systems of Rice Database.It includes various rice gene data,i.e.gene sequences,gene products,gene functions,references,etc.Constructed with ASP.NET technology,this database is more secure,more quick-running and easier to maintain.Users can easily access information in the database through internet interface http://gene.ricedata.cn/.