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10 January 2008, Volume 22 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Dissection of QTLs for Yield Traits by Using Near Isogenic Lines Derived from Residual Heterozygous Lines in Rice DU Jing-hong ,FAN Ye-yang ,WANG Lei ,ZHUANG Jie-yun 2008, 22(1): 1-7 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2786KB) ( )   Three residual heterozygous lines(RHLs)carrying heterozygous segments in intervals RM587-RM225,RM204-RM6119 and RM6119-RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6,respectively,were selected from a rice population derived from an RHL for interval RM587-RM402.Ten maternal homozygotes,10 paternal homozygotes and 20 heterozygotes were selected from each of the F2 populations derived from the three RHLs.The three sets of near isogenic lines(NILs)were grown for phenotyping on grain yield per plant,number of panicles per plant,number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight.With analysis on the phenotype differences among the three genotype groups in each NIL set and that among overlapping chromosome segment substitution lines,three QTLs for filled grain number per panicle and two QTLs for grain yield were resolved.They were located in intervals ranging from 0.66 Mb to 2.49 Mb.The additive effect was higher than the dominance effect at each locus.The allele for increasing the trait value was derived from the paternal parent at qNFGP6-1,and from the maternal parent at the other QTLs.Following the present study,an approach for the construction of new genetic resource to facilitate QTL fine-mapping in rice was proposed.

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Role of Embryo LOX3 Gene under Adversity Stress in Rice(Oryza sativa) LIU Nan-nan ,JIANG Ling ,ZHANG Wen-wei ,LIU Ling-long ,ZHAI Hu-qu ,WAN Jian-min 2008, 22(1): 8-14 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1640KB) ( )   Lipoxygenase 3(LOX3)is the major component among the LOX isozymes in mature rice seeds.To investigate the role of LOX3 gene under adversity stress,plant expression vector containing antisense of embryo LOX3 cDNA was constructed.Rice varieties Wuyunjing 7 and Kasalath were transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated method and transgenic rice plants were generated.PCR and Southern blot results showed that the antisense LOX3 gene was integrated into the rice genome.The expression of LOX3 gene was suppressed in transgenic plants with antisense gene,which was confirmed by analyzing of embryo LOX3 deletion and semi-quantitive RT-PCR.When T2 transgenic plants were subjected to drought stress and infected with rice blast and bacterial blight,the transgenic plants with the suppression of LOX3 gene were sensitive to drought stress,rice blast and bacterial blight compared with non-transgenic plants.These results suggested that embryo LOX3 gene had some functions in response to adversity stress.

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Near Isogonic Lines Establishment and GenomeWide Expression Analysis of a Few Tillering Mutant of Rice DENG Qi-ming ,WANG Ying-hen ,WANG Shi-quan ,LI Shuang-cheng ,LI Ping 2008, 22(1): 15-22 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1856KB) ( )   The near isogenic lines(NILs)of a rice few-tillering control gene ft1,based on the genetic background of 02428,were established by crossing G069 with 02428 and continuous backcrossing by using 02428 as the backcrossing parent and named 02428-ft1.Cytological study indicated that the development of lateral meristem was inhibited by the few-tillering control gene.Genome-wide expression analysis between 02428-ft1 and 02428 was carried out by using an Affymetrix gene chip including 59 712 cloned or predicted gene feature cDNA sequences.It was found that there were 136 cDNA showing significant change in its expression level,including 27 activated and 30 silenced genes,which were significantly controlled by the few-tillering gene in the NILs 02428-ft1.Function analysis of the differently expressed genes by using the on-line analysis systems of Affymetrix,NCBI and TIGR showed that the functions of the differently expressed genes were extensive,including transcription factors,kinases,function proteins,regulatory proteins and so on.

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Pyramiding Three Genes with Resistance to Blast by MarkerAssisted Selection to Improve Rice Blast Resistance of Jin 23B CHEN Hong-qi ,CHEN Zong-xiang ,NI Shen ,ZUO Shi-min ,PAN Xue-biao ,ZHU Xu-dong 2008, 22(1): 23-27 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (231KB) ( )   Using rice lines C101LAC and C101A51 as the donors of the resistance genes to rice blast, three resistance genes (Pi1, Pi2 and Pi33) were introgressed into an elite variety Jin 23B by crossing, backcrossing and multicrossing. Six nearisogenic lines of Jin 23B with the three resistance genes were obtained through traditional breeding method combined with markerassisted selection method, and the resistance frequency was 96.7%. The results indicated that the resistance frequency of the lines with the three resistance genes were higher than that of single resistance gene line. It could be concluded that gene pyramiding is an effective approach for the improvement of rice varieties with durable resistance to rice blast.

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Breeding of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line Derived from Oryza sativa subsp. javanica cv. Wanilava and Its AFLP Fingerprints CHEN Yong-jun ,XIE Chong-hua ,ZHANG Jing-rong ,ZHENG Wen-jing ,HU Shang-lian ,WEI Xin ,WANG Qi-lin ,QI Cong-ting ,LIU Yong-sheng 2008, 22(1): 28-32 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (819KB) ( )   The characteristics of a novel cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line derived from Oryza sativa subsp. javanica cv. Wanilava (denominated as JWtype) were analyzed. Two sets of isonucleusallocytoplasmic lines (273D, 273JW and 273B； 803WA, 803JW and 803B, respectively) were bred by advanced backcrosses using the maintainer lines (273B and 803B, respectively) as recurrent parents, each containing individual cognate nucleus with different cytoplasms. Considerable genetic diversities between CMSJW (CMS from javanica cv. Wanilava) and CMSWA (CMS of wild abortive from O. rufipogon) or CMSD (CMS from African indica cv. Dissi) were revealed by AFLP. The differential fragments from the cytoplasms were isolated.

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Primary Identification of a New Resistance Gene to Bacterial Blight from Oryza meyeriana HUANG Jia-nan ,WANG Chang-chun ,HU Hai-tao ,MA Bo-jun ,YAN Cheng-qi ,YANG Ling 2008, 22(1): 33-37 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1853KB) ( )   Two new germplasms, SH5 and SH76, were acquired through somatic hybridization with the wild rice species Oryza meyeriana L. as the donor parent, which was resistant to bacterial blight (BB). The BB resistance spectra of SH5, SH76 and other 16 reference lines carrying different major BB resistance genes were evaluated and compared using 11 BB races collected from the Philippines and China. The results showed that SH5 and SH76 had a broad resistance spectrum at the seedling stage, which was different from those of the other resistance genes identified, but similar to the lines IRBB5 (carrying xa5) and IRBB7 (carrying Xa7). The molecular markers 2F_1R and M5, closely linked to xa5 and Xa7, respectively, were used to detect whether the two genes existed in SH5 and SH76, and it was found that there was no xa5 and Xa7 in SH5 and SH76. It was deduced that a new gene, or a linked gene cluster might exist in SH5 and SH76.

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QTL Mapping of Tolerance to Photooxidation in Rice JIANG Hua ,JIANG Liang ,ZHAO Jiang-hong ,GUO Long-biao ,SUN Huan-ming ,XUE Da-wei ,ZENG Long-jun ,ZENG Da-li ,LIANG Guo-hua ,QIAN Qian 2008, 22(1): 38-44 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1699KB) ( )   A doubled haploid (DH) population including 127 lines, derived from the cross between an indica rice Zhaiyeqing 8 and a japonica rice Jingxi 17 was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of tolerance to photooxidation. One QTL controlling tolerance index (TI) was detected on chromosome 1 and five QTLs controlling sensitivity index (SI) for photooxidation tolerance were mapped on chromosomes 1, 1, 6, 8 and 9, respectively. Meanwhile, eight pairs of epistatic loci affecting TI and SI were also detected (three pairs for TI and five pairs for SI). Besides, 41 rice varieties were indentified for photooxidation tolerance and sensitivity indices.

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Genetic Analysis on Characters of Functional Leaves in Rice LING Ying-hua ,YANG Zheng-lin ,ZHONG Bing-qiang ,ZHAO Fang-ming ,ZHA Ren-ming ,XIE Rong ,HE Guang-hua 2008, 22(1): 45-50 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (41KB) ( )   Genetic characterization of functional leaves of rice(Oryza sativa L.subsp.indica),including flag leaf,the 2nd leaf from the top and the 3rd leaf from the top,was conducted based on diallel cross data(7×10 and 9×9)with 13 sterile lines and 19 restorer lines by the NCⅡ design.The F1 and parents were planted at Luzhou,Sichuan and Beibei,Chongqing with a randomized block design and three replications.The results showed that the genetic variances of the flag leaf width,the length and the width of the 2nd leaf from the top,and the length of the 3rd leaf from the top were led by both additive and dominant effects,in which the genetic variances of the leaf width were mainly led by additive effects while those of the leaf length were mainly led by dominant effects.The genetic variance of the flag leaf length was primarily led by dominant effect,while the width of the 3rd leaf from the top was only led by additive effect.The dominant effect and environmental effect interaction of the length of the functional leaves were significant at 5% or 1% level,while the additive effect and environmental effect interactions of the width of the functional leaves were not significant.Narrow heritability(h2N)of the leaf width was generally higher than that of the leaf length in the two sets of combinations,in which h2N of the width of the 2nd leaf from the top was the highest,with 58.65% and 48.19% respectively in the two sets of combinations.The length and the width of functional leaves in rice exhibited mid-parent heterosis or negative over-parent heterosis at various degrees,in which the mid-parent heterosis ranged from 4.46% to 27.53%,and the indexes of heterosis of the leaf width and length all exceeded 100%.

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Practice and Achievement of Rice Core Germplasm Breeding ZHOU Shao-chuan ,LI Hong ,HUANG Dao-qiang ,LU De-cheng ,LAI Sui-chun ,ZHOU De-gui ,WANG Zhi-dong ,MIAO Ruo-wei ,LI Kang-huo 2008, 22(1): 51-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (965KB) ( )   The breeding results from the 1st class core germplasm Qingliu′ai 1 to the 7th class core germplasm Huangsizhan and Huangyuezhan were reviewed. The achievements and efficiencies of rice core germplasm in quality breeding, highyielding breeding and diseaseresistance breeding were analyzed. The cruxes of rice core germplasm breeding and basic work for further development in rice core germplasm breeding were discussed.

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Combining Ability and Utilization of Twelve New Male Sterile Lines in japonica Hybrid Rice ZHAO Qing-yong ,ZHU Zhen ,ZHANG Ya-dong ,ZHAO Ling ,ZHANG Qiao-feng ,XU Ling ,WANG Cai-lin 2008, 22(1): 57-64 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (63KB) ( )   The combining ability for 13 agronomic characters was studied with 12 new BTtype japonica male sterile lines and 8 restorer lines by the way of p×q incomplete diallel cross (NCⅡ) design. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of all the characteristics were significant at 1% level except for the number of panicles per plant, in which the SCA was not significant. GCA was more important than SCA for most characteristics. SCA for the number of filled grains of main panicle, seed setting rate, grain weight per plant and harvest index was greater compared to other characterisitics. The other characteristics were influenced more greatly by restorer lines than by male sterile lines, except panicle length, panicle neck length, seed setting rate and harvest index. GCA and SCA effects were independent of each other. There was a significantly positive relationship between the combining ability and heterosis. Based on the GCA and SCA of the parents, male sterile lines Liuyan A, Danyang 941A, 98G26A, 999A, Xiangjing 8016A, 95122A and restorer lines C418, J16, Wan 161, C76 were recommendable.

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Effects of Rice Straw Manuring in Different Periods on Growth and Yield of Rice YE Wen-pei ,XIE Xiao-li ,WANG Kai-rong ,LI Zhi-guo 2008, 22(1): 65-70 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1308KB) ( )   The effects of rice straw manuring in paddy on growth and development of rice were studied through a longterm fertilization experiment on Taoyuan Station of AgroEcology Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Straw manuring in soil increased the number of tillers, leaf area index and aboveground dry matter. And straw manuring also increased the number of panicles per m2, number of grains per panicle and grain yield of rice. But the effects of straw manuring on growth and yield was obviously greater in early rice than in late rice. With fertilizer application, straw manuring increased rice yield by 12.88% in 2005 and 1003% in 2006 in early rice and 133% in 2005 and 261% in 2006 in late rice. Different effects of straw manuring in early rice and late rice could be explained by two reasons. Different temperature in early season and late season affected the decomposition and nutrient release of straw. And the time between straw manuring and rice transplanting affected the accumulation of some toxic substances .

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Characteristics of Phosphorus Nutrition of Different Rice Genotypes under LowP Stress at Different Growth Stages WU Zhao-hui ,HE Li-yuan ,ZUO Xue-dong ,YAN Chang ,YANG Jian-feng ,MEN Yu-ying 2008, 22(1): 71-76 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )   The characteristics of phosphorus (P) nutrition in different Pefficiency rice genotypes under lowP stress were studied at different growth stages in a pot experiment. At the tillering stage, except rice line 99112T, low Ptolerant genotype had a higher P uptake rate and utilization efficiency than Psensitive genotype. At the booting stage, low Ptolerant genotype still had a higher P uptake rate under low P stress, but there were no significant differences in P utilization efficiency between the two genotypes. At the maturity stage, the contribution factors to P efficiency of rice genotypes were in the sequence as follows: utilization efficiency, uptake rate and transportation efficiency. The lesser phosphorus efficiency of rice line 99012S was mainly caused by the lower absorbability of phosphorus at different growth stages. The lower uptake rate and the utilization efficiency of phosphorus at the early growth stage and the lower P utilization efficiency at the later growth stage become the main influencing factors of another low Psensitive genotype 99056S. Furthermore, the P uptake rate of low Psensitive genotype was lagged by low phosphorus stress, which could be intensified with the further phosphorus stress.

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Leaf Senescence of Different Leaf Color Rice and Its Response to Light Intensity WANG Dan-ying ,ZHANG Xiu-fu ,SHAO Guo-sheng ,QIAN Qian ,XU Chun-mei 2008, 22(1): 77-81 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (780KB) ( )   With nearisogenic line fgl (faded green leaf) and Zhefu 802(recurrent parent, green leaf) as materials, the leaf senescence course of different leaf color rice was compared, and the effect of light intensity on leaf senescence was studied. Under natural light intensity, fgl rice lines senesced more slowly than normal green leaf rice Zhefu 802. The chlorophyll content, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of fgl lines decreased more slowly than those of Zhefu 802, especially at the initial grainfilling stage and late grainfilling stage. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of flag leaves in fgl lines decreased more slowly, while malonaldehyde (MDA) content increased faster compared to Zhefu 802 after flowering. Low irradiance delayed rice leaf senescence. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance of Zhefu 802 increased significantly at 85% of natural light intensity compared to natural light intensity, while the photosynthetic rate of fgl was stable and insensitive to light intensity changes.

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Isolation and Identification of the Causal Organism of Bacterial Grain Rot from Rice LUO Jin-yan ,XU Fu-shou ,WANG Ping ,XU Li-hui ,XIE Guan-lin 2008, 22(1): 82-86 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (109KB) ( )   A survey on isolation and detection of the casual organism of bacterial grain rot from rice was conducted during 1997-2006. In 2006, six pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from two asymptomatic rice seed samples (Oryza sativa L.) originally produced in Hainan Province and then planted in Zhejiang Province. They were identified as Burkholderia glumae, which is the causal organism of bacterial grain rot of rice, by physiological characteristics, colony morphology, pathogenicity test, Biolog, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and RAPDPCR compared with the four standard reference strains. It is confirmed that there exsits Burkholderia glumae in socalled “health looking seeds”.

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Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity Variation of Different Rhizoctonia solani Isolates in Rice from Sichuan Province, China XIAO Yong ,LIU Ming-wei ,LI Gang ,ZHOU Er-xun ,WANG Ling-xia ,TANG Jie ,TAN Fu-rong ,ZHENG Ai-ping ,LI ping 2008, 22(1): 87-92 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (610KB) ( )   Fiftyfive Rhizoctonia solani samples were collected in rice from five distinctive ecological regions of Sichuan Province, China. The 55 representative samples were isolated and purified, and the pathogenicity and molecular genetic variation were analyzed. Hyphal fusion identification results revealed that all the 55 strains belonged to AG1IA group except strain D42. In addition, some of the bacteria were identified to be fused with several groups simultaneously, acting as bridge flora. Pathogenicity identification analysis from leaves in vitro indicated that the pathogenicity among the strains was significantly different. The 55 strains could be classified into 8 groups by further RAPD cluster analysis when the similarity coefficient was 0941. The results suggested that in the certain ecological conditions in Sichuan Province, most of the Rhizoctonia solani were genetically stable, but quite a few changed drastically.

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Laboratory Safety Evaluation of Insecticides to Trichogramma japonicum SUN Chao ,SU Jian-ya ,SHEN Jin-liang ,ZHANG Xi 2008, 22(1): 93-98 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (48KB) ( )   The direct and indirect effects of 13 insecticides of six groups against Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead,an egg parasitoid of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis Walker,were evaluated under the laboratory conditions.Buprofezin,tebufenozide,Furan Tebufenozide and hexaflumuron had no effect on survival and parasitism capacity of adults of T.japonicum when they were exposed to the leaves with insecticide residues at various intervals after spraying.Fipronil,thiamethoxam,chlorpyrifos and triazophos had the most significant effects on the adult survival of T.japonicum,and the mortalities of adults were 100% and 80.0% to 98.9% when they were subjected to the leaves with insecticide residues at 2 and 7 days after spraying(2-day-old and 7-day-old residues),respectively.Seven-day-old residues of fipronil and triazophos had no significant effects on parasitism capacity,but thiamethoxam did.The results of host egg exposure showed that imidacloprid,triazophos,fipronil and chlorpyrifos were all badly detrimental to adult survival,parasitism capacity(F0)and adult emergence(F1).When dipping parasitized host eggs,in which the T.japonicum was at different developmental stages(egg,larva,prepupa and pupa)into insecticidal solutions,buprofezin,tebufenozide and Furan Tebufenozide were found to have little effect on adult emergence,with the emergence rates of 81.4%-91.8%;hexaflumuron,emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam were selective,i.e.hexaflumuron was harmless to pupae,emamectin benzoate was harmless to eggs and pupae,and thiamethoxam was harmless to eggs.Side-effects of methamidophos,imidacloprid,triazophos,fipronil,chlorpyrifos,dichlorvos and isoprocard on adult emergence were extremely significant when tested against any immature stage.Based on the results,the insect growth regulators buprofezin,tebufenozide and Furan Tebufenozide were not directly or indirectly harmful to T.japonicum,suggesting that these insecticides are compatible to this parasitoid when being used for control of rice pests.

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Effects of Drought Stress Simulated by Polyethlene Glycol on Photosynthetic Characteristics in Low Potassium Tolerant Rice Seedlings DAI Gao-xing ,PENG Ke-qin ,DENG Guo-fu ,XIAO Lang-tao ,ZHANG Xue-qin 2008, 22(1): 99-102 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1735KB) ( )   Photosynthetic characteristics were measured and correlation analysis among these characteristics were made in the early indica rice variety, Guibao 8, and its mutant tolerant to low potassium under 20% PEG6000simulated drought stress. Compared with Guibao 8, the mutant showed higher biomass, potassium content and potassium use efficiency, water potential, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The correlation analysis showed that potassium content, potassium use efficiency were significantly and positively correlated with biomass, water potential, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration in rice seedlings.

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Studies on Bipeaked Tubercles and Signs of Hull of Ancient Rice from the Jiuwuhoushan Site in the Reaches of the Xinghua River in Fengkai, Guangdong Province ZHANG Wen-xu ,XIANG An-qiang ,QIU Li-cheng ,YAO Jin-hong 2008, 22(1): 103-106 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2604KB) ( )   The bipeaked tubercles and the signs of hull of ancient rice from the Jiuwuhoushan site in the reaches of the Xinghua River in Fengkai, Guangdong Province, were analyzed through comparisons among the grain shapes of Oryza rufipogon, indica rice, japonica rice, and the ancient rice. The results showed that the ratio of horizontal length to vertical length of the bipeaked tubercles was 1.01, which was at the boundary of indica and japonica rice in evolution. It indicated the ancient rice was at the early stage of differentiation. The bipeaked tubercles index was -0.99, near the middle location between indica and japonica rice and close to common wild rice, suggesting that they had not differentiated to indica and japonica rice. The grain shape was long and large, as an intermediate between indica and japonica rice. Distance coefficient showed that the rice was in the transition stage from wild to indica rice. After an overall analysis, it was confirmed that the grain was long and wide without awn, unclear in attributes of indica and japonica rice, thus the rice is an ancient cultivated rice; it is indistinctive in its bipeaked character, being a nonindica, nonjaponica and nonwild rice population.

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Effects of Four Pesticides and Their Mixtures on Grain Filling of Rice Guanglingxiangjing Gu Yan ,WU Jin-cai ,WANG Peng ,YANG Guo-qing 2008, 22(1): 107-110 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (589KB) ( )   The effects of four pesticides commonly used in rice field and their mixtures on rice grain growth were studied by using a grain growth equation. ANOVA showed that maximum growth value (K), initial growth power (R0) and accumulative weight of dry matter during active growth stage (GT) for superior grain were not significantly different among all treatments. Multiple comparisons showed that GTs of rice treated with bisultap at 675 g/hm2 and the mixture of the four pesticides at high dosage (150 g/hm2 jinggangmycin + 45 g/hm2 imidacloprid + 675 g/hm2 bisultap + 300 g/hm2 tricyclazole) were significantly greater than that of 22.5 g/hm2 imidacloprid, but not significantly different compared to control. In general, for low dosages of three pesticides, jinggangmycin, bisultap and imidacloprid, and their mixtures, there was no significant impact on superior grain growth, but significant on inferior grain growth. K for control was maxmium in all the pesticide treatments, and that for the mixture of the four pesticides at high dosage was minimum. In addition, GT for 22.5 g/hm2 imidacloprid and the mixture of the four pesticides at high dosage was significantly less than that of control. Mixture application of the four pesticides at high dosage had a significant negative effect on inferior grain filling.