Abstract: Eleven grain quality traits of 14 varieties (combinations) from Sichuan Provincial Rice Regional Trial were analysed with the method of phenotypic principal component analysis. There existed complex relationship among grain quality traits. Eight principal component factors affecting grain quality were selected. The cumulative contribution rate of grain shape and milling quality to grain quality was 61.6%. Fourteen varieties (combinations) could be classified into four groups according to genetic distance, showing near genetic distance and narrow genetic basis in the new varieties. It was suggested that grain shape and milling quality should be particularly considered in rice grain quality breeding.

Key words: hybrid rice, grain quality, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

摘要： 应用表型主成分分析法，对2001~2002年四川省区试的14个水稻新品种（组合）的11个品质性状进行了相关和聚类分析。结果表明,稻米品质性状间存在着错综复杂的相关关系。在选出的8个影响稻米品质的主因子中，粒形因子和碾米品质因子对稻米品质的累积贡献率为61.6%；14个杂交水稻新品种（组合）被归为4类，显示出遗传距离较近，遗传基础狭窄的特点。由于稻米品质性状间的相关性和主因子的贡献率大小不同，水稻品质育种首先应注意粒形和碾米品质的选择，以提高品质育种效率。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 稻米品质, 相关分析, 主成分分析