Abstract: By using techniques of intact fresh microspore and semi thin section observation, the cytology of microspore and anther wall of Taichung 65, a japonica rice cultivar, was studied during the anther culture. Some cytological features were found in vitro. Four developmental types of microspores might be divided: normal gametophytic development microspore, dedifferentiation microspore, starch accumulation microspore and vacuole microspore. Different developmental types of microspores had different development paths in vitro. The cytological features of the dedifferentiation microspore were identified that nucleus changed its position and cytoplasm restructured. The regularity of anther wall development in vitro was that tapetum cell degenerated and middle layer cell expanded during the anther culture. The cold pretreatment method contributed to delaying the tapetum degeneration and stimulating the middle layer enlargement. The anther wall had an important effect on the microspore dedifferentiation.

Key words: rice, anther culture, pollen development, anther wall tissue, cytology

摘要： 利用粳稻台中65作研究材料，采用活体小孢子观察及塑料半薄切片观察，对水稻花药培养下小孢子的发育命运及药壁组织的结构变化进行了研究。离体培养下小孢子发育类型可划分为四类：正常形态小孢子、脱分化小孢子、淀粉积累小孢子和液泡化小孢子。明确了脱分化小孢子的发育过程，其显著特点是：核位置改变，细胞质重组。离体培养下花药壁发育特点为绒毡层首先降解，随后中层细胞膨大。预冷处理会抑制药壁绒毡层降解，同时促进中层细胞膨大，药壁此种变化有助于小孢子脱分化的发生。

关键词: 水稻, 花药培养, 花粉发育, 药壁组织