Abstract: China initiated its research program of super rice breeding in 1996, in reference of new plant type rice breeding program of IRRI. The super hybrid rice was depicted as the combination of ideo-plant type and strong subspecies heterosis,and the targeted grain yield for single season cropping in 2005 is 12 t/hm² under the scale of 6.67 hm². The status of super hybrid rice breeding program in China and high-yielding rice breeding program in other countries were introduced. Xieyou 9308, a super hybrid developed by China National Rice Research Institute(CNRRI), showed high-yielding potential in combination with ideo-plant type and vigorous leaf and root in late growth period. It yielded the record of 11 837 kg/hm²under 6 67 hm²and (12 282) kg/hm²in small plot at Xinchang, Zhejiang in 2000. Based on its performance, the conception of late-stage vigor super hybrid rice and its biological significance are formulated. Meanwhile, the further breeding strategy for super hybrid rice is discussed.

Key words: plant type, heterosis, vigor, super hybrid rice

摘要： 在借鉴国际水稻研究所新株型育种经验基础上，我国于1996年开始实施中国超级稻育种计划，采取的技术路线是理想株型塑造与籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用相结合，至2005年的目标产量是在百亩（6.67 hm2）规模下单季稻达到12 t/hm2（800 kg/667 m2）。介绍了国外水稻超高产育种和国内超级稻育种的基本情况，着重介绍了由中国水稻研究所育成的超级杂交稻组合“协优9308”。该组合表现出高产与优良株型的完美结合，生育后期青秆黄熟，结实率高，籽粒饱满。2000年在浙江新昌验收百亩片平均产量达到11 837 kg/hm2，最高产田块产量达到12 282 kg/hm2。以“协优9308”为例，提出了“后期功能型”超级杂交稻的概念和生理特征，并对今后的超级杂交稻育种策略进行了讨论。

关键词: 株型, 杂种优势, 功能, 超级杂交稻