Abstract: A total of 208 SSR primers were used to detect 42 major parents of hybrid rice that were widely popularized in Sichuan Province. Polymorphism were detected with 123 pairs of the primers accounting for 59.13% of the total. Fingerprinting maps of these 42 widely used parents were constructed. The results showed significantly higher genetic diversity on chromosomes 9 and 10 and considerably lower diversity on chromosome 12. The genetic diversity of these materials was limited, but it was remote correspondingly between the restorer lines and sterile lines. Generally, important parents of hybrid rice can be identified by their particular primers. Out of the primers, 12 and 10 respectively were selected and they were polymorphic between two parents, which were adapted to examine the purity of hybrid rice seed. The seed purity of D you 527 was identified by the particular SSR primers RM337, RM244 and RM346, and it was agreeable with the result of the field test. Two combinations, D you 527 and D you 68, which rooted in the same sterile line, were distinguished by the particular SSR primer for D you 527. It showed that SSR technique has broad applicability in variety protection, authenticity and purity identification.

Key words: hybrid rice, microsatellite markers, fingerprinting map, genetic diversity, variety identification

摘要： 利用微卫星标记对四川省主推杂交水稻品种进行了DNA指纹图谱构建和品种鉴定研究。208对引物中具有多态性的引物共123对，占所用引物的59.13%。不同染色体的微卫星分析的多态性不同，第9、10染色体微卫星的多态性高于其他染色体，第12染色体上的微卫星标记的多态性最差，仅为46.15%。42份常用杂交水稻亲本材料聚类分析表明，恢复系和不育系的遗传基础均较狭窄，但恢复系和不育系之间的遗传距离相对较远，从一定程度上反映了遗传距离与杂种优势的正相关。筛选出的各个亲本材料的特异引物或引物组合，能够将某个亲本材料与其他材料相区分。利用这些SSR引物建立了四川省主要杂交水稻亲本的DNA指纹数据库，可以有效地解决杂交水稻及其杂交种的鉴定问题，以及有效地分析各材料间的亲缘关系。从DNA指纹数据库中筛选出D优527的特异引物RM337、RM244和RM346，可以鉴定出D优527中的纯度，与田间鉴定结果一致；在真伪性鉴定中将同一不育系配组的D优527和D优68区分开，说明微卫星鉴定结果是准确可靠的，可用于品种权保护和品种真伪性及纯度鉴定。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 微卫星标记, 指纹图谱, 遗传多样性