Effects of Exogenous Trehalose on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield Formation of japonica Rice Cultivar W1844

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220712

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is very important to clarify the effect of exogenous trehalose on grain filling and seed setting of large-panicle japonica rice. 【Method】 The effects of different concentrations of trehalose on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation of stems and sheath, grain filling characteristics and yield of large-panicle japonica rice W1844 were investigated by foliar spraying of various concentrations of trehalose (T₀, T₁₅, T₃₀, T₅₀, T₇₀ and T₁₀₀, 0, 15, 30, 50, 70, 100mmol/L, respectively) at the end of booting stage. 【Result】 1) Trehalose exposure increased grain yield, and the highest yield was obtained under T₅₀ treatment. Compared with T₀, the yield under T₅₀ treatment increased by 7.71% on average, and the yield and thousand grain weight of superior spikelets increased by 4.36% and 5.92%, respectively, while the yield and thousand grain weight of inferior spikelets increased by 11.98% and 10.01%, respectively. Trehalose had a better effect on the improvement of grain filling and seed-setting of the inferior spikelets. 2) Trehalose treatment changed the grain filling characteristics. Compared with T₀, the time to the maximum filling rate of superior and inferior spikelets was shortened by 3.70 and 3.93 d under T₅₀ treatment; the average filling rates of superior and inferior spikelets were increased by 16.57% and 28.03% in the early stage of filling; the average filling rates of superior and inferior spikelets were increased by 20.74% and 24.54% in the middle of grain filling. In addition, compared with T₀, the grain weight of superior and inferior spikelets at maximum filling rate increased by 6.74% and 7.36%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of rice leaves under T₅₀ treatment increased by 31.08%, 42.58% and 10.42% on average, respectively as compared with T₀. 4) Trehalose treatment promoted the accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem and sheath during the heading stage. Compared with T₀, the NSC content in stem and sheath at the heading stage increased by 11.63% on average under T₅₀ treatment, and the translocation of dry matter in stems and sheaths increased by 28.52% on average, and the contribution rate to seeds increased by 18.18%. This might be due to the up-regulated expression level of sucrose transporter genes OsSUT2, OsSUT4 and OsSUT5 in stems and sheaths, which promoted dry matter transport in stems and sheaths.【Conclusion】 Exogenous trehalose could effectively improve grain filling and seed setting of large-panicle japonica rice, which might be due to the fact that trehalose treatment could increase the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, up-regulate the expression of sucrose transporter genes, and promote the accumulation and translocation of NSC in the stems and sheaths, thus increasing the grain filling rate, seed-setting rate and grain weight of superior and inferior grains. Under the present experimental conditions, 50 mmol/L is the most effective in improving grain filling and seed setting in large-panicle rice W1844.

Key words: large-panicle japonica rice, exogenous trehalose, grain filling characteristics, stem and sheath NSC accumulation and translocation, yield formation

摘要：

【目的】 明确外源海藻糖对大穗型粳稻籽粒灌浆结实的影响。【方法】 以大穗型粳稻品系W1844为试验材料，在孕穗末期叶面喷施浓度分别为0、15、30、50、70、100 mmol/L的海藻糖，分别标记为T₀、T₁₅、T₃₀、T₅₀、T₇₀、T₁₀₀。研究不同浓度海藻糖对大穗型粳稻W1844光合特性、茎鞘物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。【结果】 1）喷施不同浓度海藻糖均能提高水稻产量，以T₅₀处理的水稻产量最高。与T₀相比，T₅₀处理下的产量平均增加7.71%，强势粒的结实率与千粒重分别提高4.36%和5.92%，弱势粒的结实率与千粒重分别提高11.98%和10.01%。由此可见，海藻糖对弱势粒灌浆结实的改善效果更好。2）海藻糖处理改变了籽粒灌浆特性。与T₀相比，T₅₀处理下强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间分别缩短了3.70 d与3.93 d；灌浆前期强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率分别提高了16.57%、28.03%；灌浆中期强、弱势粒平均灌浆速率分别提高了20.74%、24.54%。此外，T₅₀处理下，强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率时的粒重分别比T₀增加了6.74%和7.36%。3）海藻糖处理显著提高水稻剑叶的光合特性。T₅₀处理下水稻叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别比T₀平均提高了31.08%、42.58%和10.42%。4）海藻糖处理促进了抽穗期茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的积累与转运。与T₀处理相比，T₅₀处理下抽穗期茎鞘NSC含量平均增加11.63%，茎鞘物质转运量平均提升28.52%，且对籽粒贡献率增加18.18%。这可能是由于茎鞘蔗糖转运基因OsSUT2、OsSUT4和OsSUT5上调表达，促进了茎鞘的物质转运。【结论】 外源海藻糖可有效地改善大穗型粳稻的灌浆结实，这可能是由于海藻糖处理能提高剑叶净光合速率，上调蔗糖转运基因的表达，促进茎鞘NSC的积累与转运，从而加快了强、弱势粒的灌浆，提高了其结实率和粒重。在本研究条件下，50 mmol/L海藻糖处理对大穗型水稻W1844籽粒灌浆结实的改善效果最好。

关键词: 大穗型粳稻, 外源海藻糖, 灌浆特性, NSC的积累与转运, 产量形成

HUANG Yaru, XU Peng, WANG Lele, HE Yizhe, WANG Hui, KE Jian, HE Haibing, WU Liquan, YOU Cuicui. Effects of Exogenous Trehalose on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield Formation of japonica Rice Cultivar W1844[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(4): 379-391.

黄亚茹, 徐鹏, 王乐乐, 贺一哲, 王辉, 柯健, 何海兵, 武立权, 尤翠翠. 外源海藻糖对粳稻品系W1844籽粒灌浆特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(4): 379-391.

Figures/Tables 11

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基因名称 Gene name	登录号 Accession	上游引物 Up-primer(5’-3’)	上游引物 Down-primer (5’-3’)
OsSUT2	Os12g0641400	AACCTCAAGTCGGCCTTTCT	CTGTGCTAGGGTGATCTGCT
OsSUT3	Os10g0404500	ACATCCAGCCTTGGAAGACG	CTTGCAGTCCTCAGTCGTGT
OsSUT4	Os02g0827200	GACAAGGTCTGGCAACAGGA	CCTCCCCCAAAGAGAGCATC
OsSUT5	Os02g0576600	CGTTCGCTGTGTTGTCGTTA	GCCAATAAACAAGGCAGCCA

基因名称 Gene name	登录号 Accession	上游引物 Up-primer(5’-3’)	上游引物 Down-primer (5’-3’)
OsSUT2	Os12g0641400	AACCTCAAGTCGGCCTTTCT	CTGTGCTAGGGTGATCTGCT
OsSUT3	Os10g0404500	ACATCCAGCCTTGGAAGACG	CTTGCAGTCCTCAGTCGTGT
OsSUT4	Os02g0827200	GACAAGGTCTGGCAACAGGA	CCTCCCCCAAAGAGAGCATC
OsSUT5	Os02g0576600	CGTTCGCTGTGTTGTCGTTA	GCCAATAAACAAGGCAGCCA

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain No. per panicle	结实率Seed setting rate/%		千粒重1000-grain weight/g		产量 Yield/(kg·667m⁻²)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain No. per panicle	强势粒 SS	弱势粒 IS	强势粒 SS	弱势粒 IS	产量 Yield/(kg·667m⁻²)
2021	T₀	254.33±3.84 b	86.94±1.31 b	74.83±0.74 d	26.94±0.17 b	23.30±0.10 d	682.84±18.27 c
	T₁₅	267.67±7.51 a	87.71±0.60 b	79.44±0.57 c	27.44±0.13 ab	23.86±0.16 c	704.50±9.99 bc
	T₃₀	271.00±4.04 a	90.86±0.45 a	82.23±0.55 ab	27.83±0.10 ab	24.43±0.20 b	727.87±10.60 ab
	T₅₀	267.67±0.88 a	91.47±0.89 a	83.60±1.06 a	28.30±0.52 a	25.12±0.18 a	741.23±1.34 a
	T₇₀	260.00±3.05 a	89.62±0.91 ab	80.64±0.56 bc	27.92±0.25 ab	24.25±0.07 bc	706.43±6.84 bc
	T₁₀₀	266.67±2.67 a	89.96±1.37 ab	79.79±0.57 bc	27.78±0.14 ab	23.79±0.21 cd	706.97±7.67 bc
2022	T₀	258.45±1.24 b	85.83±0.11 b	72.13±0.37 b	25.44±0.13 c	21.87±0.26 c	641.49±4.76 b
	T₃₀	264.57±0.98 a	88.07±0.27 ab	79.13±0.74 a	26.47±0.09 b	23.41±0.31 b	676.06±5.25 a
	T₅₀	268.19±1.58 a	88.77±0.23 a	80.93±0.39 a	27.13±0.01 a	24.54±0.16 a	685.48±1.77 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain No. per panicle	结实率Seed setting rate/%		千粒重1000-grain weight/g		产量 Yield/(kg·667m⁻²)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain No. per panicle	强势粒 SS	弱势粒 IS	强势粒 SS	弱势粒 IS	产量 Yield/(kg·667m⁻²)
2021	T₀	254.33±3.84 b	86.94±1.31 b	74.83±0.74 d	26.94±0.17 b	23.30±0.10 d	682.84±18.27 c
	T₁₅	267.67±7.51 a	87.71±0.60 b	79.44±0.57 c	27.44±0.13 ab	23.86±0.16 c	704.50±9.99 bc
	T₃₀	271.00±4.04 a	90.86±0.45 a	82.23±0.55 ab	27.83±0.10 ab	24.43±0.20 b	727.87±10.60 ab
	T₅₀	267.67±0.88 a	91.47±0.89 a	83.60±1.06 a	28.30±0.52 a	25.12±0.18 a	741.23±1.34 a
	T₇₀	260.00±3.05 a	89.62±0.91 ab	80.64±0.56 bc	27.92±0.25 ab	24.25±0.07 bc	706.43±6.84 bc
	T₁₀₀	266.67±2.67 a	89.96±1.37 ab	79.79±0.57 bc	27.78±0.14 ab	23.79±0.21 cd	706.97±7.67 bc
2022	T₀	258.45±1.24 b	85.83±0.11 b	72.13±0.37 b	25.44±0.13 c	21.87±0.26 c	641.49±4.76 b
	T₃₀	264.57±0.98 a	88.07±0.27 ab	79.13±0.74 a	26.47±0.09 b	23.41±0.31 b	676.06±5.25 a
	T₅₀	268.19±1.58 a	88.77±0.23 a	80.93±0.39 a	27.13±0.01 a	24.54±0.16 a	685.48±1.77 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	起始生长势 R₀		最大灌浆速率 GR_max /(mg·grain^-1 d^-1)		达到最大灌浆速率的时间 T_max/d		平均灌浆速率 GR_mean /(mg·grain^-1 d^-1)		最大灌浆速率时粒重 W_max/(mg·grain^-1)		活跃灌浆期 D/d
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	SS	IS	SS	IS	SS	IS	SS	IS	SS	IS	SS	IS
2021	T₀	0.1497	0.0792	1.0842	0.6331	16.96	26.68	0.7208	0.4113	13.02	12.00	37.55	50.59
	T₁₅	0.1783	0.0772	1.1045	0.6595	15.93	25.95	0.7391	0.4259	13.44	12.36	37.46	49.04
	T₃₀	0.2304	0.0890	1.1983	0.7005	14.43	24.28	0.8063	0.4588	13.33	12.59	35.80	49.43
	T₅₀	0.2442	0.0929	1.3176	0.7818	13.94	23.34	0.8864	0.5112	13.79	13.28	33.66	46.41
	T₇₀	0.2254	0.0804	1.1377	0.6794	14.75	25.45	0.7657	0.4411	13.06	12.64	37.05	49.58
	T₁₀₀	0.2098	0.0698	1.1088	0.6514	15.33	27.42	0.7454	0.4174	13.08	12.95	37.64	50.88
2022	T₀	0.1183	0.0842	1.0556	0.6931	18.54	26.95	0.6901	0.4517	12.97	12.34	36.31	49.19
	T₃₀	0.1439	0.1001	1.1450	0.7670	16.58	24.34	0.7580	0.5066	13.52	12.53	35.92	46.63
	T₅₀	0.2335	0.1085	1.2818	0.8326	14.17	22.43	0.8612	0.5494	13.95	12.84	33.08	44.99