Response of Grain Quality and Root Characteristics to Irrigation Methods During Mid-season indica Rice Varieties Improvement

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211104

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】It is important to have a deep insight into the grain quality and root characteristics of different types of mid-season indica rice varieties in different irrigation methods. 【Method】The representative mid-season indica rice varieties in Jiangsu Province in recent 80 years were used as experimental materials, AWD(alternate wetting and drying irrigation) and CI(conventional irrigation) were conducted during the whole growth period of rice. Two dwarf varieties, two semi-dwarf varieties and two semi-dwarf hybrid varieties with obvious difference in water use efficiency(WUE) were selected to analyze grain quality and root characteristics. 【Result】Under AWD or CI, grain yield and WUE of all varieties increased gradually with variety improvement. Compared with CI, AWD significantly increased yield and water use efficiency. Under AWD, the yield of various varieties(dwarf variety, semi-dwarf variety and semi-dwarf hybrid variety) was 6.96, 8.71 and 10.14 t/hm², respectively, WUE was 1.30, 1.62 and 1.91 kg/m³, respectively. The milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, protein content, solubility, swelling capacity of starch, root dry weight and root-shoot ratio, root oxidation activity, root total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area, contents of zeatin, zeatin nucleoside and abscisic acid in root bleeding sap were significantly increased with the improvement of varieties. Compared with CI, AWD improved the appearance quality and root morphological and physiological characteristics, increased the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown of rice starch, decreased the setback and relative crystallinity of starch. Correlation analysis showed that yield and WUE were closely related to grain quality and root growth. 【Conclusion】Modern semi-dwarf varieties, especially semi-dwarf hybrid variety, could obtain higher yield, water use efficiency and better grain quality under AWD during the whole growth period, which was closely related to the improvement of root morphology and physiological characteristics.

Key words: rice, water use efficiency, variety, grain quality, root characteristics

摘要：

【目的】研究不同灌溉方式下中籼水稻品种的稻米品质与根系特征。【方法】以江苏省近80年来各阶段具有代表性的中籼水稻品种为试验材料，全生育期设置干湿交替灌溉(AWD)和常规灌溉(CI)处理。在矮秆、半矮秆常规稻和半矮秆杂交稻中各选择2个水分利用效率(WUE)存在明显差异的品种进行稻米品质和根系特征分析。【结果】无论是在AWD还是CI下，各类型品种的产量和WUE均随品种改良逐渐提高。与CI相比，AWD显著增加了产量和水分利用效率。在AWD下，各类型品种(矮秆品种、半矮秆品种、半矮秆杂交稻)的产量分别为6.96 t/hm²、8.71 t/hm²和10.14 t/hm²，WUE分别为1.30 kg/m³、1.62 kg/m³和1.91 kg/m³。各类型品种的精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量、淀粉溶解度与膨胀度、根干质量、根冠比、根系氧化力、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积、根系伤流液中玉米素和玉米素核苷以及脱落酸含量随品种改良显著提高。与CI相比，AWD改善了稻米的加工和外观品质及根系形态生理特征，提高了稻米淀粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值，降低了淀粉的消减值和相对结晶度。相关分析表明，产量、WUE及稻米品质均与根系生长密切相关。【结论】现代半矮秆品种尤其杂交稻在全生育期干湿交替灌溉条件下可获得较高的产量和水分利用效率以及较优的稻米品质，这与根系形态和生理特征的改善密切相关。

关键词: 水稻, 水分利用效率, 品种, 稻米品质, 根系特征

JING Wenjiang, GU Hanzhu, ZHANG Xiaoxiang, WU Hao, ZHANG Weiyang, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang, ZHANG Hao. Response of Grain Quality and Root Characteristics to Irrigation Methods During Mid-season indica Rice Varieties Improvement[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(5): 505-519.

景文疆, 顾汉柱, 张小祥, 吴昊, 张伟杨, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 王志琴, 杨建昌, 张耗. 中籼水稻品种改良过程中米质和根系特征对灌溉方式的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(5): 505-519.

Figures/Tables 15

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应用年代 Application years	品种 Variety	类型 Type	生育期 Growth duration/d
1940－1950	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	高秆品种 High stalk variety	118
1940－1950	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	高秆品种 High stalk variety	117
1940－1950	南京1号 Nanjing 1	高秆品种 High stalk variety	117
1960－1970	台中籼 Taichung Sen	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	130
1960－1970	南京11 Nanjing 11	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	122
1960－1970	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	127
1970－1980	IR24	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	122
1980－1990	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	145
1980－1990	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	146
2000－2005	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153
2000－2005	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	152
2000－2005	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153

应用年代 Application years	品种 Variety	类型 Type	生育期 Growth duration/d
1940－1950	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	高秆品种 High stalk variety	118
1940－1950	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	高秆品种 High stalk variety	117
1940－1950	南京1号 Nanjing 1	高秆品种 High stalk variety	117
1960－1970	台中籼 Taichung Sen	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	130
1960－1970	南京11 Nanjing 11	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	122
1960－1970	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	127
1970－1980	IR24	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	122
1980－1990	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	145
1980－1990	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	146
2000－2005	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153
2000－2005	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	152
2000－2005	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153

月份 Month	平均气温 Mean air temperature/℃	降水量 Precipitation/mm	日照时数 Sunshine hours / h
五月 May	22.7	53.0	155
六月 June	25.8	253	188
七月 July	25.5	186	139
八月 August	30.4	246	155
九月 September	23.8	50.2	146
十月 October	16.7	56.9	133

月份 Month	平均气温 Mean air temperature/℃	降水量 Precipitation/mm	日照时数 Sunshine hours / h
五月 May	22.7	53.0	155
六月 June	25.8	253	188
七月 July	25.5	186	139
八月 August	30.4	246	155
九月 September	23.8	50.2	146
十月 October	16.7	56.9	133

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴ hm⁻²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets /(×10⁶ hm⁻²)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	239 ± 1.70 c	138 ± 4.39 e	332 ± 3.95 f	25.16 ± 0.22 c	80.25 ± 1.63 c	6.68 ± 0.48 e
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	253 ± 2.13 a	148 ± 4.52 d	376 ± 4.37 e	26.18 ± 0.29 b	78.30 ± 1.27 d	7.72 ± 0.54 d
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	239 ± 1.21 c	166 ± 3.83 b	397 ± 3.68 c	25.95 ± 0.26 b	85.02 ± 1.29 a	8.78 ± 0.54 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	242 ± 1.47 b	157 ± 2.32 c	379 ± 2.73 d	29.16 ± 0.30 a	84.87 ± 1.17 a	9.38 ± 0.46 b
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	221 ± 2.63 d	196 ± 4.91 a	432 ± 4.76 b	28.87 ± 0.55 a	81.11 ± 0.64 bc	10.11 ± 0.65 a
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	242 ± 1.27 b	196 ± 2.16 a	476 ± 4.31 a	26.03 ± 0.43 b	82.28 ± 1.31 b	10.16 ± 0.57 a
CI	台中籼 Taizhongxian	247 ± 1.11 cd	125 ± 3.17 f	309 ± 1.21 f	24.95 ± 0.52 c	75.91 ± 1.48 d	5.86 ± 0.46 f
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	257 ± 2.56 b	130 ± 5.14 e	360 ± 4.88 d	25.08 ± 0.38 bc	70.37 ± 1.81 e	6.34 ± 0.53 e
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	246 ± 1.32 d	154 ± 4.18 c	376 ± 2.79 c	25.59 ± 0.32 b	85.08 ± 1.67 a	8.21 ± 0.57 d
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	263 ± 2.17 a	135 ± 3.96 d	352 ± 1.77 e	29.11 ± 0.13 a	84.08 ± 1.43 b	8.62 ± 0.51 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	235 ± 2.88 e	168 ± 2.65 b	391 ± 1.46 b	28.75 ± 0.39 a	80.66 ± 1.29 c	9.08 ± 0.53 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	249 ± 1.64 c	186 ± 4.38 a	464 ± 3.44 a	24.90 ± 0.50 c	81.33 ± 1.11 c	9.41 ± 0.64 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	*	*	*
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 × 品种 (T × V)		**	NS	*	NS	NS	NS