Screening and QTL Mapping of Heat-tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm Resources at Seedling Stage

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Identification of germplasm resources and genes extremely resistant to heat will provide technical support and lay a physical foundation for the breeding of new heat-tolerant rice varieties. 【Method】Heat tolerance level and survival rate are used to identify the high temperature resistance of rice at seedling stage, so as to select heat-tolerant germplasm resources and identify major QTLs. 【Results】There are obvious differences in heat tolerance among different varieties at seedling stage. Indica rice has significantly stronger tolerance to heat than japonica rice. Twenty accessions of rice germplasm resources with strong heat tolerance, such as Jiayu 253, Zhongyouzao 8, and Xiushui 09, were selected. The survival rates, growth and development of these varieties were almost immune to high temperature. Furthermore, there are significant differences in heat tolerance between the parents. Zhongyouzao 8 has strong heat resistance, while Longdao 5 is sensitive to high temperature. The phenotype followed an approximate continuous normal distribution under high temperature in the RIL populations. Twelve QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8, and these QTLs have a significant genetic overlap for heat resistance grade(HTG) and survival rate under heat stress(HTSR). The major QTL clusters qHTS4 and qHTS8 have significant heat tolerance function. Based on the preliminary QTL mapping results, the RHL-F₂ population was used to validate the stably expressed major QTL qHTS8, which was identified on the chromosome 8 between RM5808 and RM556 regions. 【Conclusion】 Twenty accessions of rice germplasm resources with strong heat tolerance were selected, twelve QTLs were identified, and then the major QTL qHTS8 was verified to have strong effects on regulating heat tolerance. These results will lay a foundation and provide abundant germplasm resources for the research on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular genetic mechanism of heat resistance and rice breeding.

Key words: rice, seedling stage, heat tolerance, germplasm screening, QTL

摘要：

【目的】鉴定和筛选水稻极端耐热种质或基因，为培育耐高温水稻新品种提供技术支撑。【方法】以耐热等级和幼苗存活率为指标对不同类型水稻苗期耐热性进行鉴定评价，以筛选和鉴定耐热种质资源及主效QTL。【结果】不同类型水稻品种苗期耐热性存在明显差异，籼稻品种耐热性明显强于粳稻品种，籼稻和粳稻品种均存在极端耐热和极端敏感种质资源;共筛选出嘉育253、中优早8号、秀水09等20份耐热种质资源，高温处理后幼苗存活率和生长发育基本不受影响。RIL群体双亲耐热等级和幼苗存活率存在极显著差异，中优早8号耐热性较强，植株基本无枯死，龙稻5号对高温胁迫较敏感，不同株系间苗期耐热性存在较大幅度变异;共检测到12个苗期耐热相关QTL，分布于第1、3、4、5和8染色体上，耐热等级和存活率QTL存在明显的遗传重叠，主效QTL簇qHTS4和qHTS8表型贡献率较大。基于QTL初步定位结果，利用相对剩余杂合体RHL-F₂群体，在第8染色体RM5808-RM556标记区域鉴定了一个苗期耐热性主效QTL qHTS8，该区域对苗期耐热性具有较强调控效应。【结论】筛选出20份苗期耐热性较强的水稻种质资源，鉴定了12个苗期耐热相关的QTL，定位和验证了一个调控水稻苗期耐热性的主效QTL qHTS8，研究结果可为水稻苗期耐热性生理生化机理与分子遗传机制的研究及育种利用奠定基础。

关键词: 水稻, 苗期, 耐热性, 资源筛选, 数量性状基因座

LIU Jin, CUI Di, YU Liqin, ZHANG Lina, ZHOU Huiying, MA Xiaoding, HU Jiaxiao, HAN Bing, HAN Longzhi, LI Maomao. Screening and QTL Mapping of Heat-tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm Resources at Seedling Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(3): 259-268.

刘进, 崔迪, 余丽琴, 张立娜, 周慧颖, 马小定, 胡佳晓, 韩冰, 韩龙植, 黎毛毛. 水稻苗期耐热种质资源筛选及QTL定位[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(3): 259-268.

Figures/Tables 10

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性状 Trait	亚群 Group	品种数量 Number of varieties	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	变幅 Range	峰度 Skewness	偏度 Kurtosis
耐热等级 Heat tolerance grade	总体 Total	738	6.04±2.38	1~9	-0.498	-0.749
	籼稻 indica	387	5.40±2.73	1~9	-0.111	-1.298
	粳稻 japonica	351	6.74±1.67^**	3~9	-0.417	-0.568
存活率 Survival rate under heat stress	总体 Total	738	42.41±30.42	0~100	0.226	-1.174
	籼稻 indica	387	50.35±31.97	0~100	-0.090	-1.343
	粳稻 japonica	351	33.64±25.98^**	0~100	0.436	-0.787

性状 Trait	亚群 Group	品种数量 Number of varieties	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	变幅 Range	峰度 Skewness	偏度 Kurtosis
耐热等级 Heat tolerance grade	总体 Total	738	6.04±2.38	1~9	-0.498	-0.749
	籼稻 indica	387	5.40±2.73	1~9	-0.111	-1.298
	粳稻 japonica	351	6.74±1.67^**	3~9	-0.417	-0.568
存活率 Survival rate under heat stress	总体 Total	738	42.41±30.42	0~100	0.226	-1.174
	籼稻 indica	387	50.35±31.97	0~100	-0.090	-1.343
	粳稻 japonica	351	33.64±25.98^**	0~100	0.436	-0.787

编号Number	品种名称 Cultivar	耐热等级 HTG	HTSR /%	编号 Number	品种名称Cultivar		HTSR /%
L1	嘉育253 Jiayu 253	1	100.0	L11	秀水9号 Xiushui 9	3	93.8
L2	早恢6号 Zaohui 6	1	100.0	L12	苏资16 Suzi 16	4	87.5
L3	龙红3号 Longhong 3	1	100.0	L13	秀水12 Xiushui 12	4	87.5
L4	闽泉2号 Minquan 2	1	100.0	L14	云粳38 Yunjing 38	3	87.5
L5	湘晚籼11 Xiangwanxian 11	1	100.0	L15	秀水48 Xiushui 48	4	75.0
L6	中优早8号 Zhongyouzao 8	1	97.0	L16	嘉花1号 Jiahua 1	4	75.0
L7	梅峰23号 Meifeng 23	1	90.6	L17	南粳46 Nanjing 46	3	73.3
L8	龙菲313 Longfei 313	1	90.6	L18	甬糯34 Yongnuo 34	4	68.8
L9	莲塘早 Liantangzao	3	86.9	L19	盐恢559 Yanhui 559	4	64.3
L10	赣早籼58 Ganzaoxian 58	3	83.3	L20	庄育3号 Zhuangyu 3	4	60.0

编号Number	品种名称 Cultivar	耐热等级 HTG	HTSR /%	编号 Number	品种名称Cultivar		HTSR /%
L1	嘉育253 Jiayu 253	1	100.0	L11	秀水9号 Xiushui 9	3	93.8
L2	早恢6号 Zaohui 6	1	100.0	L12	苏资16 Suzi 16	4	87.5
L3	龙红3号 Longhong 3	1	100.0	L13	秀水12 Xiushui 12	4	87.5
L4	闽泉2号 Minquan 2	1	100.0	L14	云粳38 Yunjing 38	3	87.5
L5	湘晚籼11 Xiangwanxian 11	1	100.0	L15	秀水48 Xiushui 48	4	75.0
L6	中优早8号 Zhongyouzao 8	1	97.0	L16	嘉花1号 Jiahua 1	4	75.0
L7	梅峰23号 Meifeng 23	1	90.6	L17	南粳46 Nanjing 46	3	73.3
L8	龙菲313 Longfei 313	1	90.6	L18	甬糯34 Yongnuo 34	4	68.8
L9	莲塘早 Liantangzao	3	86.9	L19	盐恢559 Yanhui 559	4	64.3
L10	赣早籼58 Ganzaoxian 58	3	83.3	L20	庄育3号 Zhuangyu 3	4	60.0

性状 Trait	亲本 Parent		重组自交系群体 RIL population
性状 Trait	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	中优早8号 Zhongyouzao 8	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	变幅 Range	峰度 Skewness	偏度 Kurtosis
耐热等级HTG	8.0±1.2	1.7±1.0^**	6.5±1.8	1.7~9.0	-0.55	-0.28
HTSR/%	17.5±6.5	90.8±3.0^**	39.1±16.5	0.0~100.0	0.23	-0.77