Differences in Yield and Rice Quality of Soft <i>japonica </i>Rice with High Quality and High Yield Under Different Nitrogen Levels

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.201101

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】It is very crucial to clarify the response of high quality and high-yield soft rice to nitrogen fertilizer application.【Method】Two soft japonica varieties with high quality and high-yield based on the early selection of varieties were used as experimental materials to study the effects of nitrogen application on the yield and quality under six nitrogen levels including 60 kg/hm² (N1), 120 kg/hm²(N2), 180 kg/hm²(N3), 240 kg/hm²(N4), 300 kg/hm²(N5) and 360 kg/hm²(N6). 【Result】The yield of soft rice was the highest under 300 kg/hm² depending on the synergistic increase of panicle number per unit area, grain number per panicle and spikelet number, and there was no significant difference between N5 and N6. With the increase of nitrogen application, appearance, viscosity, balance and taste value of rice increased firstly and then decreased, hardness decreased and then increased with peak at N4 or N5. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, but the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree both increased first and then decreased, and both were the lowest at N5. With the increase of nitrogen application, the amylose content and gel consistency both decreased but the protein content increased. The peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity of rice flour increased firstly and then decreased, with the highest values at N4 or N5. 【Conclusion】In summary, soft japonica rice with high quality and high yield achieved the coordination of yield and quality under N4 and N5, and N4 was the best nitrogen application taking account of quality, yield and benefit.

Key words: soft japonica rice, yield, quality, nitrogen

摘要：

【目的】明确优质高产软米粳稻的产量和品质对氮肥的响应特征。【方法】在前期品种筛选的基础上，选择2个优质食味高产型软米品种为研究对象，设置60 kg/hm²(N1)、120 kg/hm²(N2)、180 kg/hm²(N3)、240 kg/hm²(N4)、300 kg/hm²(N5)与360 kg/hm²(N6) 6个氮肥(以纯氮计)水平，对其产量性状和品质指标进行了测定与分析。【结果】依赖于单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和群体颖花量的协同增加，软米产量在N5下最高，但与N4间无显著差异。随施氮量增加，米粒的外观、黏度、平衡度和食味值呈先增后减，而硬度则先减后增，并在N4或N5下出现峰值;出糙率、出精率和整精米率均随施氮量增加而提高，但垩白米率和垩白度呈先降后增，并在N5水平下最低。随施氮量的增加，直链淀粉含量和胶稠度下降，蛋白质含量升高。米粉峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值和最终黏度随施氮量的增加呈先增后减，在N4或N5下最高。【结论】因此，优质食味软米在240 kg/hm²和300 kg/hm²条件下取得产量和品质的协调，240 kg/hm²是品质、产量和效益兼顾的最佳施氮量。

关键词: 软米, 产量, 品质, 氮肥

Qing ZHANG, Baowei GUO, Yajie HU, Hongcheng ZHANG, Yufeng XU, Xiaojie XU, Banghui ZHU, Jiefen XU, Zhongyi NIU, Rongwen TU. Differences in Yield and Rice Quality of Soft <i>japonica </i>Rice with High Quality and High Yield Under Different Nitrogen Levels[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(6): 606-616.

张庆, 郭保卫, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 徐玉峰, 徐晓杰, 朱邦辉, 徐洁芬, 钮中一, 凃荣文. 不同氮肥水平下优质高产软米粳稻的产量与品质差异[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(6): 606-616.

Figures/Tables 6

References 28

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参数 Parameter	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)
参数 Parameter	2015			2016	2015	2016
中粳 Medium japonica rice
均值Mean		8.96		8.87	55.95	55.74
变幅Variation range		7.52~9.96		7.32~9.72	47~65	46~68
标准差SD		0.74		0.82	7.41	8.24
变异系数CV/%		8.29		9.28	13.25	14.78
晚粳 Late japonica rice
均值Mean		9.68		9.86	60.06	60.18
变幅Variation range		8.67~10.86		9.02~11.00	50~72	51~74
标准差SD		0.59		0.63	8.63	7.95
变异系数CV/%		6.05	6.36		14.37	13.21

参数 Parameter	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)
参数 Parameter	2015			2016	2015	2016
中粳 Medium japonica rice
均值Mean		8.96		8.87	55.95	55.74
变幅Variation range		7.52~9.96		7.32~9.72	47~65	46~68
标准差SD		0.74		0.82	7.41	8.24
变异系数CV/%		8.29		9.28	13.25	14.78
晚粳 Late japonica rice
均值Mean		9.68		9.86	60.06	60.18
变幅Variation range		8.67~10.86		9.02~11.00	50~72	51~74
标准差SD		0.59		0.63	8.63	7.95
变异系数CV/%		6.05	6.36		14.37	13.21

类型 Type	年度 Year		划分依据 Classification standard
类型 Type	2015	2016	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	食味值 Taste value
中粳 Medium japonica rice
味中中产 MYMEQ	常粳早优、宁3726、宁2704、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Ning 2704, Ning 2705	常粳早优、宁3726、武353、宁3837、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Wu 353, Ning 3837, Ning 2705	≤9	≤55
味优中产 MYGEQ	武运3109、苏香粳3号、香软玉、常粳13-11 Wuyun 3109, Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Changjing 13-11	苏香粳3号、香软玉、武13011、常粳13-11 Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Wu 13011, Changjing 13-11	≤9	>55
味中高产 HYMEQ	武13011、宁2600、武353、武运3122、常粳14-4、武383 Wu 13011, Ning 2600, Wu 353, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4, Wu 383	宁2704、宁2600、武运3109、武运3122、常粳14-4 Ning 2704, Ning 2600, Wuyun 3109, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4	>9	≤55
味优高产 HYGEQ	宁3837、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Ning 3837, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	武383、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Wu 383, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	>9	>55
晚粳 Late japonica rice
味中中产 MYMEQ	苏12-130、武105、南粳2244、武2737 Su 12-130, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 2737	软大穗、武105、南粳2244、武283 Ruandasui, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 283	≤9.75	≤60
味优中产 MYGEQ	武运170、长农粳1号、武283、宁0145、宁2602 Wuyun 170, Changnongjing 1, Wu 283, Ning 0145, Ning 2602	武运170、苏香粳100、苏051-176、宁0145 Wuyun 170, Suxiangjing 100, Su 051-176, Ning 0145	≤9.75	>60
味中高产 HYMEQ	软大穗、常软09-23、武运 3334、武育粳33号 Ruandasui, Changruan 09-23, Wuyun 3334, Wuyujing 33	武2737、苏12-130、常软09-23、宁2602、武运3334 Wu 2737, Su 12-130, Changruan 09-23, Ning 2602, Wuyun 3334	>9.75	≤60
味优高产 HYGEQ	苏香粳100、南粳46、南粳5055、苏051-176 Suxiangjing 100, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055, Su 051-176	南粳46、南粳5055、长农粳1号、武育粳33号Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055, Changnongjing 1, Wuyujing 33	>9.75	>60

类型 Type	年度 Year		划分依据 Classification standard
类型 Type	2015	2016	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	食味值 Taste value
中粳 Medium japonica rice
味中中产 MYMEQ	常粳早优、宁3726、宁2704、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Ning 2704, Ning 2705	常粳早优、宁3726、武353、宁3837、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Wu 353, Ning 3837, Ning 2705	≤9	≤55
味优中产 MYGEQ	武运3109、苏香粳3号、香软玉、常粳13-11 Wuyun 3109, Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Changjing 13-11	苏香粳3号、香软玉、武13011、常粳13-11 Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Wu 13011, Changjing 13-11	≤9	>55
味中高产 HYMEQ	武13011、宁2600、武353、武运3122、常粳14-4、武383 Wu 13011, Ning 2600, Wu 353, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4, Wu 383	宁2704、宁2600、武运3109、武运3122、常粳14-4 Ning 2704, Ning 2600, Wuyun 3109, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4	>9	≤55
味优高产 HYGEQ	宁3837、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Ning 3837, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	武383、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Wu 383, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	>9	>55
晚粳 Late japonica rice
味中中产 MYMEQ	苏12-130、武105、南粳2244、武2737 Su 12-130, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 2737	软大穗、武105、南粳2244、武283 Ruandasui, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 283	≤9.75	≤60
味优中产 MYGEQ	武运170、长农粳1号、武283、宁0145、宁2602 Wuyun 170, Changnongjing 1, Wu 283, Ning 0145, Ning 2602	武运170、苏香粳100、苏051-176、宁0145 Wuyun 170, Suxiangjing 100, Su 051-176, Ning 0145	≤9.75	>60
味中高产 HYMEQ	软大穗、常软09-23、武运 3334、武育粳33号 Ruandasui, Changruan 09-23, Wuyun 3334, Wuyujing 33	武2737、苏12-130、常软09-23、宁2602、武运3334 Wu 2737, Su 12-130, Changruan 09-23, Ning 2602, Wuyun 3334	>9.75	≤60
味优高产 HYGEQ	苏香粳100、南粳46、南粳5055、苏051-176 Suxiangjing 100, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055, Su 051-176	南粳46、南粳5055、长农粳1号、武育粳33号Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055, Changnongjing 1, Wuyujing 33	>9.75	>60

年度 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicle number /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	颖花量 Number of spikelets /(×10⁷·hm^-2)	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重1000-grain weight/g	实产 Actual yield /(t·hm^-2)
2016	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	N1	316.3 Cd	102.8 Bc	32.5 Cd	96.18 Aa	25.09 Aa	7.8 Cd
		N2	327.5 BCc	119.8 Ab	39.2 Bc	95.71 ABa	25.00 Aab	9.3 Bc
		N3	334.3 ABbc	120.8 Aab	40.4 Bbc	94.86 BCb	24.87 ABbc	9.4 ABbc
		N4	347.4 Aa	124.9 Aab	43.4 ABab	93.74 CDc	24.74 BCc	10.0 ABab
		N5	349.7 Aa	130.8 Aa	45.7 Aa	92.81 DEd	24.57 CDd	10.4 Aa
		N6	341.0 ABab	122.2 Aab	41.7 ABbc	92.26 Ed	24.44 Dd	9.3 Bc
		平均值 Mean	336.0	120.2	40.5	94.26	24.78	9.4
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	N1	306.3 Cd	99.8 Cd	30.6 De	94.92 Aa	26.62 Aa	7.6 Dd
		N2	329.1 BCc	117.5 Bc	38.7 Cd	94.06 Aa	26.40 Bb	9.5 Cc
		N3	342.3 ABbc	122.9 ABbc	42.1 BCc	92.58 Bb	26.20 BCc	10.1 BCb
		N4	355.9 Aab	129.1 ABab	46.0 ABab	91.22 Bc	26.08 CDc	10.8 ABa
		N5	359.0 Aa	133.8 Aa	48.0 Aa	89.65 Cd	25.91 DEd	11.1 Aa
		N6	347.6 ABab	128.9 ABab	44.8 ABb	89.45 Cd	25.79 Ed	10.2 BCb
		平均值 Mean	340.0	122.0	41.7	91.98	26.16	9.9
	武运粳30号 Wuyunjing 30	N1	281.6 Bb	111.4 Cd	31.4 Dd	95.90 Aa	27.41 Aa	8.1 Cd
		N2	283.1 Bb	133.9 Bc	37.9 Cc	94.40 ABb	27.29 Aa	9.7 Bc
		N3	289.5 ABb	140.6 ABbc	40.7 BCb	93.91 ABb	27.02 ABb	10.2 Bb
		N4	308.9 ABb	144.8 ABab	45.2 aABa	93.08 BCc	26.80 BCb	11.1 Aa
		N5	319.1 Aa	149.3 Aa	47.6 Aa	91.69 Cd	26.54 CDc	11.5 Aa
		N6	286.1 Bb	144.6 ABab	41.4 BCb	88.85 De	26.24 Dd	9.5 Bc
		平均值 Mean	294.8	137.4	40.7	92.97	26.88	10.0
2017	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	N1	307.6 De	112.6 Bc	34.6 Cd	95.4 Aa	25.3 Aa	8.3 Cc
		N2	312.6 CDd	124.0 Ab	38.8 Bc	95.1 ABa	25.3 Aab	9.2 Bb
		N3	315.5 BCcd	124.7 Aab	39.3 Bbc	94.6 BCb	25.2 ABbc	9.3 Bb
		N4	321.3 Bb	127.5 Aab	40.9 Bb	94.0 CDc	25.1 BCc	9.5 Bb
		N5	337.2 Aa	131.4 Aa	44.3 Aa	93.4 DEd	25.0 CDd	10.3 Aa
		N6	318.4 BCbc	125.6 Aab	40.0 Bbc	93.1 Ed	24.9 Dd	9.1 Bb
		平均值 Mean	318.8	124.3	39.7	94.3	25.1	9.3
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	N1	316.6 Cd	104.8 Ce	33.2 De	95.2 Aa	26.8 Aa	8.3 Ee
		N2	327.5 BCc	109.9 Cd	38.4 Cd	94.6 Aa	26.6 Bb	8.9 Dd
		N3	335.1 ABbc	117.5 Bc	40.5 BCc	93.6 Bb	26.5 BCc	9.7 Cc
		N4	339.6 ABab	123.1 ABb	42.9 ABab	92.7 Bb	26.5 CDc	10.2 Bb
		N5	347.4 Ac	127.1 Aa	44.2 Aa	91.7 Cd	26.4 DEd	10.6 Aa
		N6	340.7 ABab	123.9 Aab	42.2 ABbc	91.5 Cd	26.3 Ed	10.0 Bb
		平均值 Mean	334.5	117.7	40.2	93.2	26.5	9.6
	武运粳30号 Wuyunjing 30	N1	304.3 Bb	115.4 Cd	35.1 Dd	95.4 Aa	26.1 Aa	8.6 Cd
		N2	305.3 Bb	130.6 Bc	39.9 Cc	94.2 ABb	26.0 Aa	9.6 Bc
		N3	310.0 ABb	135.1 ABbc	41.9 Bcb	93.9 Bbc	25.8 ABb	10.0 Bb
		N4	325.0 ABa	138.6 ABab	45.1 ABa	93.2 BCbc	25.8 BCbc	10.7 Aa
		N5	331.7 Aa	141.0 Aa	46.8 Aa	92.2 Cd	25.6 CDc	10.9 Aa
		N6	307.5 Bb	137.8 ABab	42.4 BCb	90.0 De	25.4 Dd	9.6 Bc
		平均值 Mean	314.0	133.1	41.8	93.2	25.8	9.9