Effects of Plant Spacing on Grain Yield and Population Quality in Mechanically-transplantedRice with Good Tasting Quality

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.0205

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The mechanical transplanting density plays an important role in grain yield and quality in rice. However, the effects of plant spacing on grain yield and population quality ofmechanically transplanted rice with good tasting have not been clearly understood. Clarifying the optimal plant spacing for good tasting rice could lay a theoretical and practical basis for high yielding and good quality in mechanical cultivation.【Method】In this experiment, three rice cultivars with good tasting quality (Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46) in Jiangsu Province were used as materials, and the effects of plant spacing (10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm) on their grain yield and population quality were investigated under mechanical transplanting when the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm.【Result】Productive tillers rate, high efficientleaf area index, grain leaf ratio (grain weight/leaf area), canopy net photosynthetic rate after heading and dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity were the highest under the plant spacing of 12 cm in above three rice cultivars. Grain yields tended to increase at first and then decrease with the increase ofthe plant spacing, and the relationship of quadric curve was found between grain yield and plant spacing. The optimal plant spacing for grain yield in Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46 ranged from 11.6 cm, 11.6–12.3cm and 10.8–11.4 cmin two years according to the curve equation, respectively.【Conclusion】When the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm, the plant spacing of 11–12 cm was helpful to improve the population quality and increase grain yield, and it could be used as the optimal plant spacingfor the typical rice cultivars with good tasting in Jiangsu Provinceunder mechanical transplanting.

Key words: good tasting rice, mechanical transplanting, plant spacing, grain yield, population quality

摘要： 目的机插密度对水稻产量和品质有重要影响,但机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量与群体质量的调控作用尚不清楚。明确优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距可为水稻机械化高产优质栽培提供理论与实践依据。方法以南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个江苏优质食味水稻品种为材料,在机插行距固定为30 cm的情况下,研究了10、12、14、16和18 cm五种株距对上述水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响。结果南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个水稻品种的茎蘖成穗率、高效叶面积指数、粒叶比(粒重/叶面积)、抽穗后群体冠层净光合速率和抽穗至成熟干物质积累量均在株距为12 cm时最大。上述水稻品种产量均随株距增加呈现先增加先减少的趋势,产量与株距呈二次曲线关系。依据曲线方程计算出两年中南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46高产最适株距分别为11.6 cm,11.6~12.3 cm和10.8~11.4 cm。结论机插秧行距固定为30 cm时,11~12 cm的株距有利于改善优质食味水稻的群体质量指标并提高其产量,可作为江苏省代表性优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距。

关键词: 优质食味水稻, 机插秧, 株距, 产量, 群体质量

CLC Number:

Yun CHEN, Yajun ZHANG, Honglu ZHANG, An ZHU, Jian HUANG, Hao ZHANG, Junfei GU, Lijun LIU, Jianchang YANG. Effects of Plant Spacing on Grain Yield and Population Quality in Mechanically-transplantedRice with Good Tasting Quality[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(6): 550-560.

陈云, 张亚军, 张宏路, 朱安, 黄健, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(6): 550-560.

Figures/Tables 11

References 23

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株距 Plant spacing/cm	单位面积穗数 Panicle no./(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g
2017	南粳9108	10	396.8 a	116.5 b	85.8 a	26.9 a
	Nanjing 9108	12	403.1 a	120.8 ab	86.2 a	27.0 a
		14	371.4 b	121.7 ab	85.6 a	27.2 a
		16	342.8 c	123.1 a	84.6 a	27.5 a
		18	317.5 d	125.8 a	82.3 a	27.3 a
	南粳5055	10	407.5 a	114.4 c	85.1 a	25.7 a
	Nanjing 5055	12	414.3 a	117.6 bc	85.4 a	25.8 a
		14	382.7 b	120.2 ab	84.8 a	26.2 a
		16	367.4 b	122.7 ab	83.8 a	26.2 a
		18	333.5 c	125.1 a	83.2 a	26.3 a
	南粳46	10	410.8 a	110.3 c	85.2 a	25.2 a
	Nanjing 46	12	405.2 a	115.5 bc	85.4 a	25.3 a
		14	373.5 b	118.4 ab	84.7 a	25.5 a
		16	353.2 c	121.1 ab	83.0 a	25.7 a
		18	335.7 d	121.9 a	81.8 a	25.6 a
2018	南粳9108	10	404.4 a	114.5 c	86.6 ab	26.9 a
	Nanjing 9108	12	407.4 a	117.3 bc	87.0 a	27.2 a
		14	381.0 b	120.3 ab	85.5 ab	27.3 a
		16	354.1 c	122.7 ab	84.4 ab	27.4 a
		18	326.0 d	123.7 a	83.7 b	27.7 a
	南粳5055	10	419.9 a	110.8 b	85.9 a	25.6 a
	Nanjing 5055	12	426.0 a	111.3 b	86.1 a	26.3 a
		14	398.4 b	112.4 ab	85.3 a	26.5 a
		16	370.8 c	115.3 ab	84.6 a	26.7 a
		18	337.1 d	118.8 a	83.9 a	26.8 a
	南粳46	10	419.9 a	106.9 c	85.9 a	25.3 a
	Nanjing 46	12	413.0 a	111.9 bc	86.2 a	25.4 a
		14	380.9 b	113.6 ab	85.2 ab	25.7 a
		16	363.8 c	116.7 ab	84.1 ab	25.8 a
		18	348.2 d	119.3 a	81.5 b	26.2 a

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株距 Plant spacing/cm	单位面积穗数 Panicle no./(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g
2017	南粳9108	10	396.8 a	116.5 b	85.8 a	26.9 a
	Nanjing 9108	12	403.1 a	120.8 ab	86.2 a	27.0 a
		14	371.4 b	121.7 ab	85.6 a	27.2 a
		16	342.8 c	123.1 a	84.6 a	27.5 a
		18	317.5 d	125.8 a	82.3 a	27.3 a
	南粳5055	10	407.5 a	114.4 c	85.1 a	25.7 a
	Nanjing 5055	12	414.3 a	117.6 bc	85.4 a	25.8 a
		14	382.7 b	120.2 ab	84.8 a	26.2 a
		16	367.4 b	122.7 ab	83.8 a	26.2 a
		18	333.5 c	125.1 a	83.2 a	26.3 a
	南粳46	10	410.8 a	110.3 c	85.2 a	25.2 a
	Nanjing 46	12	405.2 a	115.5 bc	85.4 a	25.3 a
		14	373.5 b	118.4 ab	84.7 a	25.5 a
		16	353.2 c	121.1 ab	83.0 a	25.7 a
		18	335.7 d	121.9 a	81.8 a	25.6 a
2018	南粳9108	10	404.4 a	114.5 c	86.6 ab	26.9 a
	Nanjing 9108	12	407.4 a	117.3 bc	87.0 a	27.2 a
		14	381.0 b	120.3 ab	85.5 ab	27.3 a
		16	354.1 c	122.7 ab	84.4 ab	27.4 a
		18	326.0 d	123.7 a	83.7 b	27.7 a
	南粳5055	10	419.9 a	110.8 b	85.9 a	25.6 a
	Nanjing 5055	12	426.0 a	111.3 b	86.1 a	26.3 a
		14	398.4 b	112.4 ab	85.3 a	26.5 a
		16	370.8 c	115.3 ab	84.6 a	26.7 a
		18	337.1 d	118.8 a	83.9 a	26.8 a
	南粳46	10	419.9 a	106.9 c	85.9 a	25.3 a
	Nanjing 46	12	413.0 a	111.9 bc	86.2 a	25.4 a
		14	380.9 b	113.6 ab	85.2 ab	25.7 a
		16	363.8 c	116.7 ab	84.1 ab	25.8 a
		18	348.2 d	119.3 a	81.5 b	26.2 a

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株距(x, cm)与产量(y, kg/hm²)方程 Equation between plant spacing (x, cm) and yield (y, kg/hm²)	R²	x_opt /cm	y_max /(kg·hm^-2)
2017	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	y=-52.0x²+1210.5x+3922.9	0.9303	11.6	10967.6
	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	y =-43.3x²+1063.1x+3979.7	0.9368	12.3	10504.9
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	y =-31.1x²+706.0x+5881.1	0.9342	11.4	9887.6
2018	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	y =-47.9x²+1114.1x+4592.9	0.9310	11.6	11071.0
	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	y =-36.6x²+851.5x+5408.9	0.9773	11.6	10445.9
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	y =-30.0x²+650.0x+6574.1	0.9669	10.8	10094.9

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株距(x, cm)与产量(y, kg/hm²)方程 Equation between plant spacing (x, cm) and yield (y, kg/hm²)	R²	x_opt /cm	y_max /(kg·hm^-2)
2017	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	y=-52.0x²+1210.5x+3922.9	0.9303	11.6	10967.6
	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	y =-43.3x²+1063.1x+3979.7	0.9368	12.3	10504.9
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	y =-31.1x²+706.0x+5881.1	0.9342	11.4	9887.6
2018	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	y =-47.9x²+1114.1x+4592.9	0.9310	11.6	11071.0
	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	y =-36.6x²+851.5x+5408.9	0.9773	11.6	10445.9
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	y =-30.0x²+650.0x+6574.1	0.9669	10.8	10094.9

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株距 Plant spacing/cm	分蘖期 Tillering	穗分化期 Panicle initiation	抽穗期Heading		成熟期 Maturity
年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株距 Plant spacing/cm	分蘖期 Tillering	穗分化期 Panicle initiation	高效叶面积 High efficient LAI	有效叶面积 Efficient LAI	成熟期 Maturity
2017	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	10	3.45a	4.53b	4.88b	7.80a	3.75a
		12	3.21b	4.92a	5.43a	7.62a	3.73a
		14	2.58c	4.10c	4.76b	7.13b	3.54a
		16	2.41d	3.79d	4.21c	7.07b	3.23b
		18	2.12e	3.48e	4.16c	6.49c	3.08b
	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	10	4.69a	4.91a	4.95ab	8.57a	3.89a
		12	4.21b	4.64ab	5.17a	8.33a	3.83ab
		14	3.31c	4.31b	4.64b	7.88b	3.77ab
		16	3.26c	4.14bc	4.21c	7.25c	3.62bc
		18	2.72d	3.93c	4.02c	7.12c	3.53c
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	10	3.73a	5.03a	4.98a	8.03a	3.62a
		12	3.81a	4.75a	5.19a	7.85ab	3.52ab
		14	3.17b	4.24b	4.88a	7.57b	3.45ab
		16	2.75c	3.89c	4.27b	7.44bc	3.32b
		18	2.49d	3.53d	4.03b	7.12c	3.23b
2018	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	10	3.52a	4.66a	4.91ab	7.98a	3.84a
		12	3.15b	4.80a	5.28a	7.51ab	3.80a
		14	2.67c	4.07b	4.82b	7.22b	3.65ab
		16	2.45cd	3.87bc	4.28c	7.14b	3.34bc
		18	2.19d	3.54c	4.20c	6.57c	3.16c
	南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	10	4.86a	5.11a	4.92ab	8.50a	3.95a
		12	4.14b	4.50b	5.14a	8.25ab	3.85a
		14	3.35c	4.34b	4.73b	7.98b	3.76a
		16	3.33c	4.10bc	4.23c	7.32c	3.51ab
		18	2.60d	3.81c	4.11c	7.19c	3.49b
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	10	3.85a	4.99a	4.91a	7.96a	3.57a
		12	3.77a	4.63a	5.12a	7.74a	3.45a
		14	3.12b	3.93b	4.69ab	7.69ab	3.38ab
		16	2.82bc	3.68bc	4.21bc	7.53b	3.31ab
		18	1.99c	3.42c	3.95c	6.92c	3.19b