Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Super Rice

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2014.04.008

Abstract

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of nitrogen rate on super rice grain yield and its mechanism with two super rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (twoline indica hybrid) and Huaidao 9 (japonica), and two highyielding elite check cultivars, Shanyou 63 (indica hybrid) and Yangfujing 8 (japonica)as material at four nitrogen (N) rates, no N application and N rates of 120 kg/hm2, 240 kg/hm2, and 360 kg/hm2. The results showed that the grain yield of two super rice cultivars increased with increasing N rates from 0 to 360 kg/hm2. Similarly, the physiological performance, such as net photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase activity of the flag leaf, root oxidation activity and zeatin + zeatin riboside content, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and the root/shoot ratio were improved with increassing N rates for both super rice cultivars. The grain yield and the physiological performance of the two check cultivars were also improved with the increase of N rates from 0 to 240 kg/hm2. The abovementioned indexes were decreased at the N rate of 360kg/hm2 for the two check cultivars. At the same N rate the grain yield of the two super rice cultivars was higher than that of the two check cultivars, while the physiological performance of the super rice cultivars was just the opposite under N rates no more than 240kg/hm2. However, the physiological performance was better for super rice at the N rate of 360 kg/hm2. The results suggested that super rice cultivars could obtain a higher grain yield than elite highyielding cultivars at either a low N rate or a high N rate, and a high N rate was favorable to realize highyielding potential of super rice.

Key words: super rice, nitrogen rate, grain yield, root activity, photosynthetic rate

摘要： 以两个超级稻品种两优培九（两系杂交籼稻）和淮稻9号（粳稻）为材料，两个高产品种汕优63（三系杂交籼稻）和扬辐粳8号（粳稻）为对照，设置四种氮肥水平，即全生育期不施氮肥、全生育期施氮120 kg/hm2、全生育期施氮240 kg/hm2和全生育期施氮360 kg/hm2，分析不同氮肥水平对超级稻产量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明，施氮量为0~360 kg/hm2，两个超级稻品种的产量、灌浆期剑叶光合速率和硝酸还原酶活性、根系氧化活力和玉米素+玉米素核苷（Z+ZR）含量、地上部干物质量、根干质量和根冠比均随着施氮量的增加而增加。而两个对照品种在施氮量0~240 kg/hm2条件下，以上各指标随施氮量增加而增加，当施氮量达到360 kg/hm2时，则显著下降。在同一施氮水平下，两个超级稻的产量均高于对照品种，但超级稻的其他各测定指标，在施氮量不高于240 kg/hm2时低于对照品种，施氮量为360 kg/hm2时高于对照品种。说明超级稻品种无论在低氮还是在高氮水平均能获得较高产量，在高氮水平下更有利于其生理和产量优势的发挥。

关键词: 超级稻, 施氮量, 产量, 根系活力, 光合速率

CLC Number:

FU Jing1,2, WANG Zhiqin1, YUAN Limin1, WANG Xueming1, YANG Jianchang1,*. Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Super Rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2014, 28(4): 391-400.

付景1,2,王志琴1,袁莉民1,王学明1,杨建昌1,*. 施氮量对超级稻产量和一些生理性状的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28(4): 391-400.

References

\[1\]柳金来, 宋继娟, 李福林, 等. 氮肥施用量对水田土壤肥力和水稻植株养分含量及产量的影响. 农业与技术, 2000, 20(4): 812.

\[2\]刘立军, 王志琴, 桑大志, 等. 氮肥运筹对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响. 扬州大学学报：农业与生命科学版, 2002， 23(3): 4650.

\[3\]胡曙, 陈云明, 方兆伟, 等. 氮磷钾肥施用量和运筹对稻米加工品质和外观品质的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2005(3): 2628, 93.

\[4\]黄见良. 水稻氮素营养特性、氮肥利用率与实时实地氮肥管理的研究. 长沙：湖南农业大学, 2003.

\[5\]李国生, 张耗, 王志琴, 等. 氮素水平对水稻产量与品质的影响. 扬州大学学报：农业与生命科学版, 2007, 28(4): 6670.

\[6\]叶全宝. 不同水稻基因型对氮肥反应的差异及氮素利用效率的研究. 扬州:扬州大学, 2005.

\[7\]申义珍, 张正林, 钱晓晴, 等. 高产水稻的氮素营养特点与施肥. 土壤通报, 1994, 25(2): 7880.

\[8\]石庆华. 水稻不同熟期品种的碳、氮代谢研究初报. 江西农业大学学报：作物模拟优化与产量生理专辑, 1988, 10: 94101.

\[9\]阳跃长, 兰智涛, 曾宏宾, 等. 超级稻肥料施用与运筹效应研究. 作物研究, 2011, 25(3): 213214.

\[10\]张福锁, 马文奇, 陈新平. 养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2006： 4858.

\[11\]Peng S, Buresh R, Huang J, et al. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China. Field Crops Res, 2006, 96: 3747.

\[12\]凌启鸿. 水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007.

\[13\]Peng S, Tang Q, Zou Y. Current status and challenges of rice production in China. Plant Prod Sci, 2009, 12: 38.

\[14\]Fitter A. Characteristics and functions of root systems // Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U, eds. Plant Roots, the Hidden Half. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 2002： 1532.

\[15\]Fitter A. Roots as dynamic systems: The developmental ecology of roots and root systems//Press M C, Scholes J D, Barker M G, eds. Plant Physiological Ecology. London： Blackwell Scientific, 1999： 115131.

\[16\]Inukai Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H. Function of the root system and molecular mechanism of crown root formation in rice. Plant Cell Physiol, 2004, 45(Suppl): 17.

\[17\]乔云发, 罗盛国, 刘元英, 等. 叶龄模式氮肥调控对水稻颖花根活量的影响. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2006, 22(2): 121124.

\[18\]李合生, 孙群, 赵世杰, 等. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000.

\[19\]郝建军, 刘延吉. 植物生理学试验技术. 沈阳: 辽宁科技出版社, 2001.

\[20\]赵世杰, 史国安, 董新纯. 植物生理学实验指导. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2002.

\[21\]陈远平, 杨文钰. 卵叶韭休眠芽中GA3、IAA、ABA和ZT的高效液相色谱法测定. 四川农业大学学报, 2005, 23(4): 498500.

\[22\]谢君, 张义正. 植物内源激素的反相高效液相色谱法测定. 分析测试学报, 2001, 20(1): 6062.

\[23\]黄华宏, 童再康, 廖望仪, 等. 香榧雌花芽部分内源激素的HPLC分析及动态变化. 浙江林学院学报, 2005, 22(4): 390395.

\[24\]Dobrev I, Havlicek L, Vagner M, et al. Purification and determination of plant hormones auxin and abscisic acid using solid phase extraction and twodimensional high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1075(1/2): 159166.

\[25\]陈温福, 徐正进, 张文忠, 等. 水稻新株型创造与超高产育种. 作物学报, 2001, 27(5): 665672.

\[26\]徐正进, 薛亚杰, 东正昭. 水稻超高产品种物质生产与产量分析. 辽宁农业科学, 1992(3): 14.

\[27\]程在全, 宋令荣, 黄兴奇, 等. 高产和超高产水稻产量差异比较及其原因探讨. 西南农业学报, 1997, 10(2): 2025.

\[28\]李义珍, 黄育民, 庄占龙, 等. 杂交稻高产结构研究. 福建省农科院学报， 1995, 10(1): 16.

\[29\]杨惠杰, 李义珍, 黄育民, 等. 超高产水稻的产量构成和库源结构. 福建农业学报, 1999, 14(1): 15.

\[30\]周瑞庆, 萧光玉, 汪大明, 等. 施氮量对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响. 作物研究, 1992, 6(增刊): 2126.

\[31\]周瑞庆, 邹应斌, 刘海河, 等. 水稻群体结构与施氮量的关系. 作物研究, 1992(4S): 1620.

\[32\]唐启源, 邹应斌, 米湘成, 等. 不同施氮条件下超级杂交稻的产量形成特点与氮肥利用. 杂交水稻, 2003, 18(1): 4448.

\[33\]赵全志, 黄丕生, 凌启鸿. 水稻群体光合速率和茎鞘贮藏物质与产量关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 2001,34(3): 304310.

\[34\]杨建昌, 杜永, 吴长付, 等. 超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(7): 13361345.

\[35\]刘立军, 徐伟, 吴长付, 等. 实地氮肥管理下的水稻生长发育和养分吸收特性. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(2): 167173.

\[36\]张岁岐, 山仑. 氮素营养对春小麦抗旱适应性及水分利用的影响. 水土保持研究, 1995, 2(1): 3135.

\[37\]Yang C, Yang L, Yang Y, et al. Rice root growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by organic manure in continuously and alternately flooded paddy soils. Agric Water Manage, 2004, 70: 6781.

\[38\]刘宝玉, 徐家宽, 王余龙, 等. 不同生育时期氮素供应水平对杂交水稻根系生长及其活力的影响. 作物学报, 1997, 23(6): 699706.

\[39\]付景, 陈露, 黄钻华, 等. 超级稻的叶片光合特性和根系生理性状与产量的关系. 作物学报, 2012, 38 (7): 12641276.

\[40\]Fu J, Huang Z, Wang Z, et al. Preanthesis nonstructural carbohydrate reserve in the stem enhances the sink strength of inferior spikelets during grain filling of rice. Field Crops Res, 2011, 123(2): 170182.

\[41\]Zhang H, Chen T, Liu L, et al. Performance in grain yield and physiological traits of rice in the Yangtze River basin of China during the last 60 years. J Integr Agric, 2013, 12(1): 5766.

\[42\]Cheng S, Zhuang J, Fan Y, et al. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice: A superdomesticate in China. Ann Bot, 2007, 100: 959966.

\[43\]Katsura K, Maeda S, Horie T, et al. Analysis of yield attributes and crop physiological traits of Liangyoupeijiu, a hybrid rice recently bred in China. Field Crops Res, 2007, 103: 170177.

\[44\]崔新卫, 校奇, 龙世平, 等. 超级杂交稻“Y两优1号”对氮肥用量的响应及其氮肥利用率. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(5): 945949.

[1]	WEI Huanhe, MA Weiyi, ZUO Boyuan, WANG Lulu, ZHU Wang, GENG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Xiang, MENG Tianyao, CHEN Yinglong, GAO Pinglei, XU Ke, HUO Zhongyang, DAI Qigen. Research Progress in the Effect of Salinity, Drought, and Their Combined Stresses on Rice Yield and Quality Formation [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(4): 350-363.
[2]	ZHAO Yiting, XIE Keran, GAO Ti, CUI Kehui. Effects of Drought Priming During Tillering Stage on Panicle Development and Yield Formation Under High Temperature During Panicle Initiation Stage in Rice [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(3): 277-289.
[3]	ZHU Wang, ZHANG Xiang, GENG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Zhe, CHEN Yinglong, WEI Huanhe, DAI Qigen, XU Ke, ZHU Guanglong, ZHOU Guisheng, MENG Tianyao. Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Roots Under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress and Their Relationships with Yield Formation [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(6): 617-627.
[4]	PEI Feng, WANG Guangda, GAO Peng, FENG Zhiming, HU Keming, CHEN Zongxiang, CHEN Hongqi, CUI Ao, ZUO Shimin. Evaluation of New japonica Rice Lines with Low Cadmium Accumulation and Good Quality Generated by Knocking Out OsNramp5 [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(1): 16-28.
[5]	WANG Yingheng, CHEN Lijuan, CUI Lili, ZHAN Shengwei, SONG Yu, CHEN Shian, XIE Zhenxing, JIANG Zhaowei, WU Fangxi, ZHUO Chuanying, CAI Qiuhua, XIE Huaan, ZHANG Jianfu. Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Photosynthesis, Yield and Grain Quality of Superior Quality Rice “Fuxiangzhan” [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(1): 89-101.
[6]	REN Weichen, CHANG Qingxia, ZHANG Yajun, ZHU Kuanyu, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang. Characteristics and Physiological Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(6): 586-600.
[7]	CHEN Yun, LIU Kun, LI Tingting, LI Siyu, LI Guoming, ZHANG Weiyang, ZHANG Hao, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, YANG Jianchang. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation on Root Traits, Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(3): 269-277.
[8]	YANG Chen, ZHENG Chang, YUAN Shen, XU Le, PENG Shaobing. Effect of Fertilizer Management on the Yield and Quality of Different Rice Varieties in Ratoon Rice [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(1): 65-76.
[9]	YUAN Rui, ZHOU Qun, WANG Zhiqin, ZHANG Hao, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, ZHANG Weiyang, YANG Jianchang. Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of an indica-japonica Hybrid Rice, Yongyou 2640 [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(1): 77-86.
[10]	Guang CHU, Ran XU, Song CHEN, Chunmei XU, Yuanhui LIU, Xiufu ZHANG, Danying WANG. Effects of Improved Crop Management on Growth Characteristic of Root and Shoot, Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Grain Yield in Rice [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(6): 586-594.
[11]	Jinwen HUANG, Jiayi WU, Hongfei CHEN, Zhixing ZHANG, Changxun FANG, Caihong SHAO, Weiwei LIN, Peiying WENG, Wenxiong LIN. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management for Main Crop Rice and Its Carrying-over Effect on Rhizosphere Function and Yield of Ratoon Rice [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(4): 383-395.
[12]	Kailou LIU, Tianfu HAN, Wenjun LI, Xichu YU, Zhihua HU, Huicai YE, Dandan HU, Huijie SONG, Daming LI, Qinghai HUANG. Analysis on the Key Factors of Soil Physicochemical Properties Responsible for Changes in Rice Yield with Chinese Milk Vetch Turned over for Different Years [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(3): 291-302.
[13]	Youjin SONG, Chao WU, Ziyu LI, She TANG, Ganghua LI, Shaohua WANG, Yanfeng DING. Differential Responses of Grain Yields to High Temperature in Different Stages of Reproductive Growth in Rice [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(2): 177-186.
[14]	Yun CHEN, Yajun ZHANG, Honglu ZHANG, An ZHU, Jian HUANG, Hao ZHANG, Junfei GU, Lijun LIU, Jianchang YANG. Effects of Plant Spacing on Grain Yield and Population Quality in Mechanically-transplantedRice with Good Tasting Quality [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(6): 550-560.
[15]	Juan ZHOU, Xiaowei SHU, Shangkun LAI, Gaoping XU, Jianye HUANG, Youli YAO, Lianxin Yang, Guichun DONG, Yulong WANG. Differences in Response of Grain Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization to Elevated CO₂Concentration in Different Rice Varieties [J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(6): 561-573.