Changes in Photosynthetic Indexes of Rice Varieties During Fortyseven Years of Genetic Improvement in Jilin Province， China

Abstract

Abstract: The photosynthetic characteristics of twentyfive rice varieties released from 1958 to 2005 in Jilin Province, China were investigated in 2006 and 2007. The grain yield were linearly increased from 6 671.9 kg/hm2 in 1958 to 11 853.2 kg/hm2 in 2005, with an annual increase of 110.2 kg/hm2 (1.65%) in the 47 years. The harvest index, growth duration and spikelets/leaf area ratio were increased year by year and significantly correlated with grain yield. The photosynthetic rate of leaf increased and significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. The increase in photosynthetic rate was due to the increase in apparent leaf mesophyll conductance. The photosynthetic rate of modern variety was restricted by stomatal factors, due to the decrease of ratio of intercellular CO2 concentration to ambient CO2 concentration with year of release. The increase in transpiration rate exceed to that in photosynthetic rate, thus the water use efficiency descended. It is suggested that the improvement of water use should be paid attention to in future rice breeding.

Key words: rice, genetic improvement, photosynthesis, ratio of spikelets to leaf area, apparent leaf mesophyll conductance

摘要： 2006-2007年对吉林省1958年至2005年间育成的25个粳稻品种产量特性及叶片光合生理指标进行了比较。结果表明,粳稻品种产量随育成年代呈线性增加。由1958年的6 671.9 kg/hm2增加至2005年的11 853.2 kg/hm2，平均每年增加110.2 kg/hm2，年增幅为1.65%。收获指数、成熟期和粒叶比随育成年代推延而增加且与产量呈显著正相关。随着品种产量的增加，单叶净光合速率显著增加且与产量呈正相关，光合速率增加主要是由于品种表观叶肉导度随育成年代推延而显著增加所致。同时，胞间CO2浓度/大气CO2浓度比值呈下降趋势，说明现代品种的光合作用存在一定的气孔限制作用。现代品种叶片的蒸腾速率的增幅大于光合速率的增幅，导致水分利用效率下降。因此，在未来水稻品种选育中，筛选高光合种质资源的同时要兼顾品种的水分利用特性。

关键词: 水稻, 遗传改良, 光合作用, 粒叶比, 表观叶肉导度

WU Zhihai ,ZHAO Guochen ,XU Kezhang ,DI Yuting,JIANG Nan,LING Fenglou,ZHAO Yingjun. Changes in Photosynthetic Indexes of Rice Varieties During Fortyseven Years of Genetic Improvement in Jilin Province， China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science.

武志海.赵国臣,.徐克章,.邸玉婷.姜楠,凌凤楼,赵颖君. 吉林省过去47年来水稻品种遗传改良过程中叶片光合指标的变化[J]. 中国水稻科学.

References

[1]杨建昌, 王朋, 刘立军, 等. 中籼水稻品种产量与株型演进特征研究. 作物学报, 2006, 32(7): 945-955.

[2]武志海, 徐克章, 赵颖君, 等. 吉林省47年来水稻品种遗传改良过程中某些农艺性状的变化. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(5): 507-512.

[3]关欣, 陈温福, 徐正进, 等. 不同年代水稻品种穗部性状比较研究. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2004, 35(2): 81-84.

[4]黄育民, 陈启锋, 李义珍. 我国水稻品种改良过程库源特征的变化. 福建农业大学学报, 1998, 27(3): 271-278.

[5]徐正进, 陈温福, 黄瑞冬, 等. 水稻穗型改良的生理与遗传基础研究进展. 自然科学进展, 2007, 17(9): 1161-1167.

[6]陈温福, 徐正进, 张龙步, 等. 北方粳型稻超高产育种理论与实践. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(5): 869-874.

[7]潘学彪, 韩月澎, 陈宗祥. 水稻植株形态遗传改良的研究进展. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2004, 25(1): 36-40.

[8]Peng S B, Khush G S, Virk P, et al. Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential. Field Crops Res， 2008, 108: 32-38.

[9]Peng S B, Cassman K G, Virmani S S, et al.Yield potential trends of tropical rice since the release of IR8 and the challenge of increasing rice yield potential. Crop Sci， 1999, 39： 1552-1559.

[10] Yang W, Peng S B, Laza R C, et al. Grain yield and yield attributes of new plant type and hybrid rice. Crop Sci， 2007, 47: 1393-1400.

[11]许晓明, 陆巍, 张荣铣, 等. 超高产水稻协优9308 的高效光合功能. 南京师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2004, 27(1): 78-81.

[12] 曹树青, 翟虎渠, 杨图南, 等. 水稻种质资源光合速率及光合功能期的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2001, 15(1): 29-34.

[13]Sasaki H，Ishii R. Cultivar different in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in Japan. Photosyn Res， 1992, 32: 139-146.

[14] 刘建丰, 袁隆平, 邓启云, 等. 超高产杂交稻的光合特性研究. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(2): 258-264.

[15] 黄锦文, 梁义元, 梁康迳, 等. 新株型水稻与杂交稻结实期的光合特性与产量.福建农林大学学报: 自然科学版, 2001, 31(4): 423-426.

[16]曹树青, 翟虎渠, 钮中一, 等. 不同产量潜力水稻品种的剑叶光合特性研究, 南京农业大学学报, 2000, 23 (3): 1-4.

[17] Takai T, Matsuura S, Nishio T, et al. Rice yield potential is closely related to crop growth rate during late reproductive period. Field Crops Res， 2006, 96: 328-335.

[18]Shearman V J, SylvesterBradley R, Scott R K, et al. Physiological processes associated with wheat yield progress in the UK. Crop Sci， 2005, 45: 175-185.

[19]Reynolds M P, Ginkel M V, Ribault J M. Avenues for genetic modification of radiationuse efficiency in wheat. J Exp Bot， 2000, 51: 459-473.

[20]Morrison M J, Voldeng H D, Cober E R. Physiological changes from 58 years of genetic improvement of shortseason soybean cultivars in Canada.Agron J， 1999, 91: 685-689.

[21]赵洪祥, 徐克章, 李大勇, 等. 吉林省不同年代育成大豆品种硝酸还原酶活性变化及其与产量的关系.南京农业大学学报, 2007, 30(2): 13-17.

[22] 张三元, 李彻, 石玉海, 等. 吉林省水稻超高产育种研究:Ⅰ.不同类型水稻品种产量构成与超高产育种目标.吉林农业科学, 1999, 24(1): 4-7.

[23]Fisher R A, Rees D, Sayre K D, et al. Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. Crop Sci， 1998, 38: 1467-1475.

[24]张治安, 张美善. 植物生理学实验指导. 北京：高等教育出版社和吉林大学出版社， 2006.

[25] 马文波, 马均, 明东风, 等. 不同穗重型水稻品种剑叶光合特性的研究.作物学报, 2003, 29(2): 236-240.

[26]Wang Z, Gu Y J, Tadashi H, et al. Comparisons of caryopsis development between two rice varieties with remarkable difference in grain weights. Acta Bot Sin， 2004, 46: 698-710.

[27]Yang J, Peng S, Zhang Z, et al. Grain and dry matter yields and partitioning of assimilates in japonica/indica hybrid rice. Crop Sci， 2002, 42: 766-772.

[28]Peng S, Laza R C, Visperas R M, et al. Grain yield of rice cultivars and lines developed in the Philippines since 1996. Crop Sci， 2000, 40: 307-314.

[29]Voldeng H D, Cober E R, Hume D J, et al. Fiftyeight years of genetic improvement of shortseason soybean cultivars in Canada. Crop Sci， 1997, 37: 428-431.

[30]Donmez E, Sears R G, Shroyer J P, et al. Genetic gain in yield attributes of winter wheat in the great plains. Crop Sci， 2001, 41: 1412-1419.

[31]BrancourtHulmel M, Doussinault G, Lecomte C, et al. Genetic improvement of agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivars released in France from 1946 to 1992. Crop Sci， 2003, 43: 37-45.

[32] Zhang D Y, Chen G Y, Gong Z Y, et al. Ribulose1,5bisphosphate regeneration limitation in rice leaf photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2. Plant Sci， 2008, 175: 348-355.

[33]胡文新, 彭少兵, 高荣孚, 等. 国际水稻研究所新株型水稻的气孔特性.中国农业科学, 2002, 35(10): 1286-1290.

[34]马均, 朱庆森, 马文波, 等. 重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究.中国农业科学, 2003, 36(4): 375-381.

[35]毛伟华, 蒋德安, 翁晓燕, 等. 水稻不同品种光合作用与Rubisco的关系. 浙江农业学报, 1999, 11(3): 114-118.

[36]曾建敏, 彭少兵, 崔克辉, 等.热带水稻光合特性及氮素光合效率的差异研究.作物学报, 2006, 32(12): 1817-1822.

[37]Koc M, Barutcular C, Genc I. Photosynthesis and productivity of old and modern durum wheats in a mediterranean environment. Crop Sci, 43: 2089-2097.