Abstract: The bipeaked tubercles and the signs of hull of ancient rice from the Jiuwuhoushan site in the reaches of the Xinghua River in Fengkai, Guangdong Province, were analyzed through comparisons among the grain shapes of Oryza rufipogon, indica rice, japonica rice, and the ancient rice. The results showed that the ratio of horizontal length to vertical length of the bipeaked tubercles was 1.01, which was at the boundary of indica and japonica rice in evolution. It indicated the ancient rice was at the early stage of differentiation. The bipeaked tubercles index was -0.99, near the middle location between indica and japonica rice and close to common wild rice, suggesting that they had not differentiated to indica and japonica rice. The grain shape was long and large, as an intermediate between indica and japonica rice. Distance coefficient showed that the rice was in the transition stage from wild to indica rice. After an overall analysis, it was confirmed that the grain was long and wide without awn, unclear in attributes of indica and japonica rice, thus the rice is an ancient cultivated rice; it is indistinctive in its bipeaked character, being a nonindica, nonjaponica and nonwild rice population.

Key words: archaeology, ancient rice, signs of ancient rice hull, bipeaked tubercles

摘要： 用水稻双峰乳突、粒型特征分析等方法，对广东省封开县杏花河古稻进行研究。研究显示，封开杏花河古稻稃壳印痕双峰乳突单体的纵横比平均为1.01，处于籼、粳的分界线上，已处在籼、粳分化初期；双峰乳突判别函数为－0.99,处于籼、粳两亚种之间的中点附近，靠近普通野生稻，表明尚处在籼、粳未分化完成的原始状态；粒型显现出一种长而大粒的野生稻、籼稻中间型特征；相对距离测定表明其性状总体处在野生稻和籼稻的过渡阶段。经综合分析后认为，该群古稻粒型长而宽，大粒无芒，籼、粳属性模糊，属于一种古老的栽培稻；其双峰乳突形态种属特征不清晰，属于一种非籼、非粳、非野生稻的栽培稻种群。

关键词: 考古学, 古稻, 稃壳印痕, 双峰乳突