Abstract: The effects of rice straw manuring in paddy on growth and development of rice were studied through a longterm fertilization experiment on Taoyuan Station of AgroEcology Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Straw manuring in soil increased the number of tillers, leaf area index and aboveground dry matter. And straw manuring also increased the number of panicles per m2, number of grains per panicle and grain yield of rice. But the effects of straw manuring on growth and yield was obviously greater in early rice than in late rice. With fertilizer application, straw manuring increased rice yield by 12.88% in 2005 and 1003% in 2006 in early rice and 133% in 2005 and 261% in 2006 in late rice. Different effects of straw manuring in early rice and late rice could be explained by two reasons. Different temperature in early season and late season affected the decomposition and nutrient release of straw. And the time between straw manuring and rice transplanting affected the accumulation of some toxic substances .

Key words: rice, growth and development, straw manuring, yield, longterm fertilization experiment

摘要： 通过在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站长期定位试验，研究了不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育的影响。秸秆还田提高水稻分蘖数、叶面积指数和地上部干物质量，增加了水稻每1 m2穗数和每穗实粒数，从而提高了水稻产量。但秸秆还田对早稻生长发育的影响明显大于对晚稻生长发育的影响。在施用氮、磷、钾肥条件下，秸秆还田使早稻产量增加1288%（2005年）和1003%（2006年），效果显著；而晚稻仅增加133%（2005年）和261%（2006年），增产作用不明显。造成秸秆还田对早晚稻生长发育及产量的影响有明显差异的主要原因是早晚稻生育期的温度等气候条件对还田后秸秆腐解及养分释放影响的不同及秸秆还田到水稻移栽这段时间的长短会对有机酸和CO2等物质的浓度产生影响。还对合理利用秸秆资源提出了建议

关键词: 水稻, 生长发育, 秸秆还田, 产量, 长期定位试验