Abstract: The main problems about research and application of twoline hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusional name and classification of male sterile lines, the unclear characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature and the unsuitable site selection for seed production of male sterile line and hybrid rice. In order to efficiently and accurately use photo(thermo)sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS), four types, including PTGMS, TGMS, negative PTGMS and negative TGMS were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in PTGMS rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in cooperative regulation of majoreffect sterile genes and the photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones for development. The minoreffect genes, with accumulative effect on sterility, were the important factors that affect the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of PTGMS, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made. The identification method for the characterization responding to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS was also put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during different periods of seed production.

Key words: two line system hybrid rice, photo(thermo)-sensitive male sterile line, photoperiod and temperature characteristics, seed production

摘要： 指出了当前我国两系法杂交水稻研究和应用中面临的主要问题，即两系法杂交水稻体系中不育系的称谓和分类不规范，生产上利用的水稻两用核不育系育性温光反应特性研究不清楚，水稻两用核不育系繁殖和两系法杂交稻制种基地选择不当等。针对当前情形，结合多年育种实践，提出了解决这些问题的对策及措施。建议将水稻两用核不育系分为长光高温不育型、高温不育型、短光低温不育型、低温不育型等四种类型。提出了水稻光温不育机理设想，即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或 (和) 发育感温基因相互作用的结果，微效不育基因可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度。只有深入研究光温敏型不育系育性的光温组合效应，且获得具体的光温指标，才能更好地指导两系法杂交水稻制种和不育系繁殖。提出了水稻两用核不育系育性光温特性的鉴定方法以及两系法杂交稻种子生产应根据不育系育性温光特性和历史气象资料来合理安排基地和时段。

关键词: 两系法杂交水稻, 两用核不育系, 光温特性, 种子生产