Abstract: The canopy temperature of rice at the flowering stage and the soil water content were investigated under different soil water treatments. It showed that the canopy temperature was lower than the air temperature, while the soil water content significantly influenced the canopy temperature, the lower the soil water content, the higher the canopy temperature, the less the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference. Moreover, the maximum difference between treatments and CK in the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature appeared at 13:00 pm, therefore, it could be considered as a suitable measuring time. It was noted that the peak flowering time of rice was ahead under the lowest water content treatment, and the peak flowering time was concentrated on the first three days, resulting in shortened and lightened the panicle of rice. As to the CK and the high water content treatments, the peak flowering time was concentrated at the middle of flowering duration, with longer panicle length and higher panicle weight. The results indicated the lower the soil water content, the less the full filled grain number.

Key words: rice, canopy temperature, soil water content, yield components

摘要： 在开花期对水稻进行不同梯度水分胁迫处理，研究了水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分状况及产量结构之间的关系。 水稻开花期冠层温度一般低于气温，但土壤含水量对冠层温度有显著影响，土壤含水量越低，水稻冠层温度越高，冠气温差绝对值越小，并且在13：00时冠气温差与对照差别最大，认为13：00可以作为测定冠气温差的最适时间。通过对开花时间进行观察，发现土壤含水量最低的处理，植株开花高峰提前，开花时间集中在花期的最初3 d，其平均穗长较小，穗重较轻；而土壤含水量较高的处理与对照一致，开花时间主要集中在花期中间时段，平均穗长较大，穗重较重。土壤含水量越低，每穗饱粒数越少。

关键词: 水稻, 冠层温度, 土壤水分, 产量结构