Abstract: Two methods of cluster analysis based on phenotypic characters and SSR molecular markers were compared to study the diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China. Forty-one entries were divided into two groups (i.e. early or medium-maturity group; medium or late-maturity group) and further into six subgroups based on phenotypic character cluster analysis. The early or medium-maturity group was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturity restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. The medium or late-maturity group included 16 restorer lines and four medium or late-maturity maintainer lines. While on the basis of SSR cluster analysis, the entries were classified into two groups (i.e. maintainer line group and restorer line group) and seven subgroups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. Classifying results based on SSR analysis was basically consistent with the pedigree information. The results and the status of hybrid rice breeding indicate that SSR analysis could be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica rice.

Key words: hybrid rice, parental lines, phenotypic character, simple sequence repeat, clustering analysis, pedigree, genetic diversity

摘要： 以41份杂交籼稻骨干亲本和部分新育成的亲本为试验材料，采用表型性状和SSR分子标记2种聚类分析方法对杂交籼稻亲本的类群划分进行了比较研究，表型聚类以15个表型性状为依据，将供试材料划分为早、中熟和中、晚熟两大类群、6个亚群。早、中熟类群包含15个保持系、4个早熟恢复系和2个温敏核雄性不育系；中、晚熟类群包括16个恢复系和4个中、晚熟保持系。利用SSR分子标记将供试材料划分为保持系和恢复系两大类群、7个亚群。保持系群包括全部19个保持系、2个温敏核雄性不育系，恢复系群则包含全部20个恢复系，分类结果和系谱分析基本吻合。结合杂交籼稻育种实践，判断分子标记可能是研究亲本遗传多样性的一种较好方法。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 亲本, 表型性状, 微卫星标记, 聚类分析, 系谱, 遗传多样性