Abstract: Ninty one doubled haploid plants from thermo sensitive genic male sterile line Peiai 64S core seeds were obtained by anther culture, and their H₂, H₃, H₄ generations pollen sterility were observed under the natural climatic condition in Fuzhou (26°05′N), China. Results showed that:(1)the fertility extensively segregated in the H₂ generation and could be mainly divided into three types: completely sterile (Peiai 64HS) with more than 99.8% pollen sterility and long stable sterility duration; basically fertile (Peiai 64HF) with high pollen fertility and no stable sterility duration in the whole; intermediate fertile (Peiai 64HM) with high pollen sterility instability and short pollen sterility duration. (2)Peiai 64HS, Peiai 64HF, Peiai 64HM had the same sterility expression tendency in H₂, H₃ and H₄ generations. (3)Peiai 64HS had much longer stable sterility duration, stabler sterility and higher pollen sterility than Peiai 64S core seeds. Results also indicated that Peiai 64S core seeds were genetically heterozygous in the fertility and anther culture was useful to Peiai 64S in genetic purification.

Key words: anther culture, photo (thermo) sensitive genic male sterile line, genetic purfication, fertility

摘要： 应用生物技术对培矮64S核心种子进行花药培养，获得了91个加倍单倍体植株。在福州(26°05′N)自然条件下对花培后代的H2、H3、H4进行连续的育性追综观察。结果表明，(1)H2代株系间育性发生分离，可以把它们简单地归为三类：完全不育(简称培矮64HS)，不育期间其花粉不育度均在998%以上，且不育期长，育性稳定；基本可育(培矮64HF)，可染花粉率很高，几乎没有稳定不育期；中间类型(培矮64HM)，育性波动大，不育期较短。(2)培矮64HS、培矮64HF和培矮64HM在H3、H4代各自的育性表现与在H2代的育性表现一致。(3)培矮64HS比培矮64S核心种子具有不育期更长，不育性更稳定以及更高的不育度。说明培矮64S核心种子中有关育性的基因型并不纯合，花药培养对培矮64S的遗传纯化是有效的。

关键词: 花药培养, 光(温)敏核不育系, 遗传纯化, 育性