Abstract: By using hybrid rice combinations 80 you 121 and Xieyou 57 as the experimental materials, the plant population with different quantitative and qualitative traits was cultivated under different planting density. The experimental results show there existed positive correlation between planting density (PD), maximum tillers number (MTN), spikelets number (SN) and effective panicles number (EPN) in quantitative trait of population, and between effective tiller rate (ETR), effective tiller and stem rate (ETSR), seed setting rate (SSR), and grain weight per panicle (GWP) in qualitative trait of population. There existed negative correlation between quantitative and qualitative trait of population, the correlation coefficient of PD and ETR, MTN and ETSR, SN and SSR, EPN and GWP were -0.9121 ** , -0.8184 ** , -0.4943 *, -0.9372 ** , respectively. Under the experimental condition, the direct effect of EPN, GWP, SN, and SSR were larger on rice yield. It is suggested within the scope of adequate EPN and SN, cultivation method for high yield should be on raising GWP and SSR.

Key words: hybrid rice, population, quantitative trait, qualitative trait, cultivation

摘要： 以杂交水稻组合80优121（中粳）和协优57（中籼）为材料，进行栽插密度试验，以培育数量和质量不同的群体，研究群体数量与质量的关系。试验结果表明，基本苗数、最高茎蘖数等群体数量性状之间和分蘖穗率、茎蘖成穗率等群体质量性状之间都呈正相关。群体数量与质量性状之间呈负相关，其中基本苗数与分蘖穗率、最高茎蘖数与茎蘖成穗率、总颖花数与结实率、有效穗数与平均穗谷重4对性状间相互关系最密切。在试验条件下，有效穗数、平均穗谷重、总颖花数和结实率对产量的直接作用较大，因此高产栽培需在适宜穗数和总颖花数的前提下提高结实率和平均穗谷重。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 群体, 数量性状, 质量性状, 栽培