施氮方式与行距配置对不同穗型粳稻品种产量和氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究施氮方式与行距配置对不同穗型粳稻产量和氮素利用率的影响，明确其最佳组合，为辽宁水稻高产高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以沈稻9号(穗粒兼顾型)、沈稻505(穗数型)和沈稻527(穗重型)为材料于2019年和2020年在沈阳市进行田间试验，设置N0(不施氮肥)、N1(农户方式)、N2(底氮减施)、N3(底氮减施后移)4种施氮方式和R1(常规行距30 cm)、R2(缩行增密25 cm)、R3(宽窄行40 cm+20 cm) 3种行距配置，分析其对不同穗型粳稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。【结果】施氮方式与行距配置对不同穗型粳稻产量和氮素利用率有极显著影响和互作效应。N3可以通过提高单位面积颖花数、结实率、千粒重、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率来增加沈稻9号、沈稻505的产量和氮素利用率，但沈稻527却在N1实现高产，在N2实现高效目标。对于行距配置的响应，3个品种表现大致相同，产量、单位面积颖花数、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率均在R2达到最高。施氮方式与行距配置互作显示，沈稻9号和沈稻505在N3R2产量最高，与N1R1相比，分别增加了18.53%和14.27%的产量，18.38%和22.47%的干物质积累量，37.22%和29.15%的氮素积累量，39.30%和34.25%的氮肥偏生产力，52.59 %和26.73%的氮肥农学利用率，27.65%和17.70%的氮肥回收利用率，降低了15.75%和8.16%的土壤氮依存率。沈稻527产量则在N1R1、N1R2和N2R2处理下较高且差异不显著，但比较3个组合的干物质积累量、氮素积累量以及氮素利用率，N2R2表现优异。【结论】在本试验条件下，沈稻9号、沈稻505的最适组合为底氮减施后移和行距25 cm，沈稻527为底氮减施和行距25 cm，此时3个品种高产且氮肥利用率也较高。

关键词: 粳稻, 穗型, 施氮方式, 行距配置, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】This study evaluates the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of japonica rice with various panicle types in response to nitrogen application practice and row spacing. We aim to lay a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice in Liaoning Province.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Shenyang City, using Shendao 9 (a middle-tillering, mid-sized panicle cultivar), Shendao 505 (a relatively high-tillering, small-sized panicle cultivar), and Shendao 527 (a low-tillering, large-sized panicle cultivar) as entries. The study examined the effects of different nitrogen (N) application patterns, including N0 (zero nitrogen), N1 (farmer's practice ), N2 (reduced basal nitrogen), and N3 (reduced and delayed basal nitrogen application), as well as row spacing, including R1 (30 cm row spacing), R2 (25 cm row spacing), and R3 (wide-narrow row spacing, 40+20 cm), on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different panicle types of rice.【Result】The results showed that the nitrogen application pattern, row spacing, and their interaction significantly affected grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different panicle types of rice. Under N3, Shendao 9 and Shendao 505 showed increased spikelet number per unit area, seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, partial factor productivity (PFP_N), agronomic efficiency (AE_N), and apparent recovery efficiency (RE_N), leading to improvements in yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Shendao 527 achieved high yield under N1 and realized high efficiency under N2. In terms of row spacing, yield, spikelet number per unit area, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, PFP_N, AE_N, and RE_N were all highest in R2. Shendao 9 and Shendao 505 obtained the highest yield under N3R2, with yield increases of 18.53% and 14.27%, dry matter accumulation increases of 18.38% and 22.47%, nitrogen accumulation increases of 37.22% and 29.15%, PFP_N increases of 39.30% and 34.25%, AE_N increases of 52.59% and 26.73%, RE_N increases of 27.65% and 17.70%, and a reduction in the contribution rate of soil nitrogen (CRSN) by 15.75% and 8.16% compared to their respective N1R1. Shendao 527 had a higher yield with no significant differences among N1R1, N1R2, and N2R2, but N2R2 performed better in dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen utilization.【Conclusion】Therefore, the optimal combination of nitrogen application pattern and row spacing for Shendao 9 and Shendao 505 is reduced and delayed basal nitrogen application with 25 cm row spacing. For Shendao 527, the optimal condition is reduced basal nitrogen applicaton with 25 cm row spacing, allowing all three cultivars to achieve high yield and improved nitrogen utilization.

Key words: japonica rice, panicle type, nitrogen application pattern, row spacing, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

刘俊峰, 牟静怡, 赵红艳, 郭诗梦, 李漪濛, 梁超, 周婵婵, 王术, 黄元财. 施氮方式与行距配置对不同穗型粳稻品种产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(6): 672-684.

LIU Junfeng, MOU Jingyi, ZHAO Hongyan, GUO Shimeng, LI Yimeng, LIANG Chao, ZHOU Chanchan, WANG Shu, HUANG Yuancai. Effects of Nitrogen Application Practice and Row Spacing on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in japonica Rice With Different Panicle Types[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(6): 672-684.

图/表 13

参考文献 37

[1]	FAO. FAO Statistical Yearbook 2021: World Food and Agriculture[M]. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2021.
[2]	Hameed F, Xu J Z, Rahim S F, Wei Q, Rehman K A, Liao Q. Optimizing nitrogen options for improving nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different water regimes[J]. Agronomy, 2019, 9(1): 39.
[3]	Cai S Y, Zhao X, Pittelkow C M, Fan M S, Zhang X, Yan X Y. Optimal nitrogen rate strategy for sustainable rice production in China[J]. Nature, 2023(615): 73-79.
[4]	程前, 李广浩, 陆卫平, 陆大雷. 增密减氮提高夏玉米产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(6): 1035-1046.
	Cheng Q, Li G H, Lu W P, Lu D L. Increasing planting density and decreasing nitrogen rate increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(6): 1035-1046. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	彭少兵, 黄见良, 钟旭华, 杨建昌, 王光火, 邹应斌, 张福锁, 朱庆森, Buresh R, Witt C. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J]. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103.
	Peng S B, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Yang J C, Wang G H, Zou Y B, Zhang F S, Zhu Q S, Buresh R, Witt C. Research strategy in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	徐冉, 陈松, 徐春梅, 刘元辉, 章秀福, 王丹英, 褚光. 施氮量对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量和氮肥利用效率的影响及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(6): 1630-1642.
	Xu R, Chen S, Xu C M, Liu Y H, Zhang X F, Wang D Y, Chu G. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 and its physiological bases[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1630-1642. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	王艳, 易军, 高继平, 张丽娜, 杨继芬, 赵艳泽, 辛威, 甄晓溪, 张文忠. 不同叶龄蘖、穗氮肥组合对粳稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(1): 102-116.
	Wang Y, Yi J, Gao J P, Zhang L N, Yang J F, Zhao Y Z, Xin W, Zhen X X, Zhang W Z. Effects of precision leaf age fertilization on yield and nitrogen utilization of japonica rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(1): 102-116. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	易秉怀, 袁帅, 苏雨婷, 覃诗棋, 陈平平, 易镇邪. 氮肥运筹对湘南双季稻氮素吸收转运与利用及产量的影响[J]. 杂交水稻, 2023, 38(1): 112-121.
	Yi B H, Yuan S, Su Y T, Qin S Q, Chen P P, Yi Z X. Effects of nitrogen management on uptake, transport and utilization of nitrogen and yield of double-cropping rice in Southern Hunan[J]. Hybrid Rice, 2023, 38(1): 112-121. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	张洪程, 吴桂成, 吴文革, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 高辉, 魏海燕, 黄幸福, 龚金龙. 水稻“精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后”超高产定量化栽培模式[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(13): 2645-2660.
	Zhang H C, Wu G C, Wu W G, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Gao H, Wei H Y, Huang X F, Gong J L. The SOI model of quantitative cultivation of super-high yielding rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(13): 2645-2660. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	凌启鸿, 张洪程, 戴其根, 丁艳锋, 凌励, 苏祖芳, 徐茂, 阙金华, 王绍华. 水稻精确定量施氮研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2005, (12): 2457-2467.
	Ling Q H, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Ding Y F, Ling L, Su Z F, Xu M, Que J H, Wang S H. Study on precise and quantitative n application in rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, (12): 2457-2467. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Peng S B, Buresh R J, Huang J L, Yang J C, Zou Y B, Zhong X H, Wang G H, Zhang F S. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China[J]. Field Crops Research, 2006, 96: 37-47.
[12]	朱德峰, 张玉屏, 陈惠哲, 向镜, 张义凯. 中国水稻高产栽培技术创新与实践[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17): 3404-3414.
	Zhu D F, Zhang Y P, Chen H Z, Xiang J, Zhang Y K. Innovation and practice of high-yield rice cultivation technology in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3404-3414. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Hou W F, Khan M R, Zhang J L, Lu J W, Ren T, Cong R H, Li X K. Nitrogen rate and plant density interaction enhances radiation interception, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of mechanically transplanted rice[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019, 269: 183-192.
[14]	赵海新, 杨丽敏, 陈书强, 姜树坤, 黄晓群, 单莉莉, 潘国君. 行距对两个不同类型水稻品种冠层结构与产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2011, 25(5): 488-494.
	Zhao H X, Yang L M, Chen S Q, Jiang S Q, Huang X Q, Shan L L, Pan G J. Effects of row-spacing on canopy structure and yield in different type rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2011, 25(5): 488-494. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	汤亮, 朱相成, 曹梦莹, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻冠层光截获、光能利用与产量的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(5): 1269-1276.
	Tang L, Zhu X C, Cao M Y, Cao W X, Zhu Y. Relationships of rice canopy PAR interception and light use efficiency to grain yield.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(5): 1269-1276. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	董立强, 杨铁鑫, 李睿, 商文奇, 马亮, 李跃东, 隋国民. 株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37 (4): 392-404.
	Dong L Q, Yang T X, Li R, Shang W Q, Ma L, Li Y D, Sui G M. Effect of plant-row spacing on rice yield and root morphological and physiological characteristics in super high yield field[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2023, 37(4): 392-404. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	尹彩侠, 刘志全, 孔丽丽, 李前, 张磊, 侯云鹏, 郝彩环. 减氮增密提高寒地水稻产量与氮素吸收利用[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2022, 39(6): 1124-1132.
	Yin C X, Liu Z Q, Kong L L, Li Q, Zhang L, Hou Y P, Hao C X. Reducing nitrogen and increasing rice transplanting density in a cold region of China can improve rice yield, nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen utilization[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2022, 39(6): 1124-1132. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	刘红江, 张辉, 盛婧, 张岳芳, 郭智, 郑建初, 陈留根. 基肥侧位深施条件下穗肥减量对水稻氮素利用率的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(5): 1366-1374.
	Liu H J, Zhang H, Sheng J, Zhang Y F, Guo Z, Zheng J C, Chen L G. Effects of panicle fertilizer reduction on nitrogen use efficiency of rice under side deep application of basal fertilizer[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(5): 1366-1374. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Guo X H, Lan Y C, Xu L Q, Yin D W, Li H Y, Qian Y D, Zheng G P, Lv Y D. Effects of nitrogen application rate and hill density on rice yield and nitrogen utilization in sodic saline-alkaline paddy fields[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(2): 540-553.
[20]	王术, 王铁良. 水稻安全生产技术指南[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2012.
	Wang S, Wang T L. Technical guide for safe production of rice[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2012. (in Chinese)
[21]	刘俊峰, 李漪濛, 梁超, 周婵婵, 王术, 贾宝艳, 黄元财, 王岩, 王韵. 施氮方式与行距配置对水稻冠层结构及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(1): 77-85.
	Liu J F, Li Y M, Li C, Zhou C C, Wang S, Jia B Y, Huang Y C, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effect of nitrogen application pattern and row spacing on canopy structure and yield of rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(1): 77-85. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	范立慧, 徐珊珊, 侯朋福, 薛利红, 李刚华, 丁艳锋, 杨林章. 不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(10): 1872-1884.
	Fan L H, Xu S S, Hou P F, Xue L H, Li G H, Ding Y F, Yang L Z. Effect of different ratios of basal to tiller nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen utilization under different soil fertility[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(10): 1872-1884. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	付景, 尹海庆, 王亚, 杨文博, 张珍, 白涛, 王越涛, 王付华, 王生轩. 不同追氮模式对河南沿黄稻区粳稻根系生长和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021, (2): 77-86.
	Fu J, Yin H Q, Wang Y, Yang W B, Zhang Z, Bai T, Wang Y T, Wang F H, Wang S X. Effects of nitrogen topdressing models on root growth and grain yield of japonica rice in the region along Yellow River of Henan Province[J]. Crops, 2021, (2): 77-86. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	黄恒, 姜恒鑫, 刘光明, 袁嘉琦, 汪源, 赵灿, 王维领, 霍中洋, 许轲, 戴其根, 张洪程, 李德剑, 刘国林. 侧深施氮对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2232-2249.
	Huang H, Jiang H X, Liu G M, Yuan J Q, Wang Y, Zhao C, Wang W L, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Dai Q G, Zhang H C, Li D J, Liu G L. Effects of side deep placement of nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(11): 2232-2249. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	郭九信, 孔亚丽, 谢凯柳, 李东海, 冯绪猛, 凌宁, 王敏, 郭世伟. 养分管理对直播稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(7): 1016-1025.
	Guo J X, Kong Y L, Xie K L, Li D H, Feng X M, Ling N, Wang M, Guo S W. Effects of nutrient management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of direct seeding rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(7): 1016-1025. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	朱从桦, 孙永健, 杨志远, 贾现文, 徐徽, 马均. 晒田强度和穗期氮素运筹对不同氮效率水稻根系、叶片生长及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017, 31(6): 196-203+256.
	Zhu C H, Sun Y J, Yang Z Y, Jia X W, Xu W, Ma J. Effect of paddy field drainage and panicle nitrogen fertilizer management on rice root system, leaf growth and yield with different nitrogen efficiency[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(6): 196-203+256. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	夏琼梅, 胡家权, 董林波, 钱文娟, 李贵勇, 龙瑞平, 朱海平, 杨从党. 水稻前控后促施氮技术增产机理研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2022, (5): 18-26.
	Xia Q M, Hu J Q, Dong L B, Qian W J, Li G Y, Yong R P, Zhu H P, Yang C D. Mechanism of reduced amount with late application of nitrogen on increasing yield of japonica rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2022, (5): 18-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	李小朋, 王术, 黄元财, 贾宝艳, 王岩, 曾群云. 株行距配置对齐穗期粳稻冠层结构及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26 (11): 3329-3336.
	Li X P, Wang S, Huang Y C, Jia B Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q Y. Effects of spacing on the yields and canopy structure of japonica rice at full heading stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26 (11): 3329-3336. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	衣政伟, 王晓兵. 长江下游地区不同水稻品种两种行距下的生长发育和产量及品质特征[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2022, 49(1): 20-26.
	Yi Z W, Wang X B. The characteristics of growth, yield and quality of different rice varieties under two kinds of row spacings in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2022, 49(1): 20-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	杨海超, 夏可, 陈杰, 苗淑杰, 乔云发. 行株距配置对水稻冠层光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(21): 93-98.
	Yang H C, Xia K, Chen J, Miao S J, Qiao Y F. Impacts of spaces in and between rows on canopy photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 51(21): 93-98. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	李思平, 曾路生, 吴立鹏, 张玉晓, 解军蕊, 丁效东. 氮肥水平与栽植密度对植稻土壤养分含量变化与氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(1): 69-79.
	Li S P, Zeng L S, Wu L P, Zhang Y X, Xie J R, Ding S D. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer level and planting density on changes in soil nutrient contents and nitrogen use efficiency in rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2020, 34(1): 69-79. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	周江明, 赵琳, 董越勇, 徐进, 边武英, 毛杨仓, 章秀福. 氮肥和栽植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2): 274-281.
	Zhou J M, Zhao L, Dong Y Y, Xu J, Bian W Y, Mao Y C, Zhang X F. Nitrogen and transplanting density interactions on the rice yield and N use rate[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(2): 274-281. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	辽宁省统计局, 国际统计局辽宁调查总队. 辽宁省2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R/OL]. https://tjj.ln.gov.cn/uiFramework/js/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=/tjj/attachDir/2024/03/2024032815431143514.pdf(2024-03-28).
[34]	杨振玉. 北方杂交粳稻育种研究[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 1999.
	Yang Z Y. Research on Northern hybrid japonica rice breeding[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1999. (in Chinese)
[35]	杨守仁, 张龙步, 王进民. 水稻理想株形育种的理论和方法初论[J]. 中国农业科学, 1984(3): 6-13.
	Yang S R, Zhang L B, Wang J M. The theory and method of ideal plant morphology in rice breeding[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1984(3): 6-13. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	杨守仁, 张龙步, 陈温福, 徐正进, 王进民. 水稻超高产育种的理论和方法[J]. 中国水稻科学, 1996(2): 115-120.
	Yang S R, Zhang L B, Chen W F, Xu Z J, Wang J M. Theories and methods of rice breeding for maximun yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 1996(2): 115-120. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]	马兴全, 侯守贵, 陈盈, 于广星. 辽宁省水稻栽培技术发展与展望[J]. 中国稻米, 2014, 20(1): 36-40.
	Ma X Q, Huo S G, Chen Y, Yu G X. Development and prospects of rice cultivation techniques in Liaoning Province[J]. China Rice, 2014, 20(1): 36-40. (in Chinese with English abstract)

年份 Year	pH值 pH value	有机质含量 Organic matter content(g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	全磷 Total P (g/kg)	全钾 Total K (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
2019	7.28	18.47	1.24	0.96	15.88	107.67	14.34	86.59
2020	7.22	17.96	1.28	1.03	14.16	112.31	13.49	98.20

年份 Year	pH值 pH value	有机质含量 Organic matter content(g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	全磷 Total P (g/kg)	全钾 Total K (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
2019	7.28	18.47	1.24	0.96	15.88	107.67	14.34	86.59
2020	7.22	17.96	1.28	1.03	14.16	112.31	13.49	98.20

施氮方式 N application pattern	合计 Total	基肥 Basal fertilizer	分蘖肥 Fertilizer for tillering	拔节肥 Fertilizer for panicle initiation	孕穗肥 Fertilizer for panicle differentiation
不施氮肥Zero nitrogen(N0)	0	0	0	0	0
农户方式Farmer’s practice(N1)	235	155	30	50	0
底氮减施Reduced basal nitrogen application(N2)	200	120	30	50	0
底氮减施后移Reduced and delayed basal nitrogen(N3)	200	80	30	50	40

施氮方式 N application pattern	合计 Total	基肥 Basal fertilizer	分蘖肥 Fertilizer for tillering	拔节肥 Fertilizer for panicle initiation	孕穗肥 Fertilizer for panicle differentiation
不施氮肥Zero nitrogen(N0)	0	0	0	0	0
农户方式Farmer’s practice(N1)	235	155	30	50	0
底氮减施Reduced basal nitrogen application(N2)	200	120	30	50	0
底氮减施后移Reduced and delayed basal nitrogen(N3)	200	80	30	50	40

变异来源 Source of variation	单位面积穗数 Panicles per unit area	每穗颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	单位面积颖花数 Spikelets per unit area	结实率 Seed- setting rate	千粒重 1000- grain weight	产量 Grain yield	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	氮素积累量 N accumulation	氮肥偏生产力 PFP_N	氮肥农学利用率 AE_N	氮肥回收利用率 RE_N	土壤氮依存率 CRSN
年份Year(Y)	**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
品种Cultivar(C)	**	**	**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**
施氮方式Nitrogen fertilization pattern(N)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
行距配置 Row spacing(R)	**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×C	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×R	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
C×N	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
C×R	**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	ns	**	ns	**	**
N×R	**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×C×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×C×R	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×N×R	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
C×N×R	**	**	**	**	ns	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**
Y×C×N×R	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns