黄腐酸钾提高水稻秧苗耐盐性的作用途径分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240307

中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 409-421.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240307

黄腐酸钾提高水稻秧苗耐盐性的作用途径分析

候小琴¹^,²^,^#, 王莹³^,^#, 余贝¹^,⁴^,^#, 符卫蒙¹, 奉保华¹, 沈煜潮², 谢杭军¹, 王焕然¹^,⁴, 许用强¹, 武志海⁴, 王建军², 陶龙兴¹, 符冠富¹^,⁴^,^*()

¹中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室，杭州311401
²浙江农艺师学院，杭州310021
³德清县农业技术推广中心，德清313200
⁴吉林农业大学农学院，长春130118

收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2024-07-10 发布日期:2024-07-11
通讯作者: *email: fuguanfu@caas.cn
作者简介:#共同第一作者
基金资助:
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划资助项目(2023C02005-4);浙江省“三农九方”农业科技协作计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SNJF001);浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(Z24C130019);四川省区域创新合作项目(23QYCX0015)

Mechanisms Behind the Role of Potassium Fulvic Acid in Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Rice Seedlings

HOU Xiaoqin¹^,²^,^#, WANG Ying³^,^#, YU Bei¹^,⁴^,^#, FU Weimeng¹, FENG Baohua¹, SHEN Yichao², XIE Hangjun¹, WANG Huanran¹^,⁴, XU Yongqiang¹, WU Zhihai⁴, WANG Jianjun², TAO Longxing¹, FU Guanfu¹^,⁴^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
²Zhejiang Agronomist College, Hangzhou, 310021, China
³Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Deqing, Huzhou 313200, China
⁴College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2024-05-13 Online:2024-07-10 Published:2024-07-11
Contact: *email: fuguanfu@caas.cn
About author:#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】盐胁迫是限制水稻等作物产量品质形成的重要环境因子之一，研发能提高水稻耐盐性风险栽培技术有助于保障我国粮食安全。【方法】以日本晴为材料，于水稻秧苗期进行盐胁迫处理，外源喷施适合浓度的黄腐酸钾(Potassium fulvic acid, PFA)，并取样测定干物质量、光合作用、碳水化合物含量、能量物质、钠钾离子浓度及抗氧酶活性等生理指标。【结果】常规种植条件下，黄腐酸钾对水稻秧苗生长发育影响较小，其株高和干物质量与清水(H₂O)处理之间的差异未达显著水平，但盐胁迫处理后黄腐酸钾明显提高了水稻秧苗的干物质量和株高。盐胁迫下，黄腐酸钾显著增强水稻秧苗叶片POD和APX活性，降低其相对电导率、过氧化氢及丙二醛含量；另外，黄腐酸钾处理能减轻盐胁迫对叶绿素含量、实际光量子效率、相对电子传递速率和净光合速率的抑制。黄腐酸钾对碳水化合物含量的影响较小，但能减轻盐胁迫对能量代谢的抑制，表现为盐胁迫后水稻叶片非结构性碳水化合物处理间的差异不明显，但黄腐酸钾处理的叶片ATP含量、能荷值以及ATPase活性均显著高于清水处理。相应地，盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾处理的水稻秧苗叶片、茎及根的钠离子浓度显著下降，钾离子浓度则显著上升。【结论】黄腐酸钾可一定程度上提高水稻叶片光合作用，促进ATP的产生及利用，增强抗氧化能力，维持较高的钾离子浓度以及较低的活性氧、钠离子浓度，进而减轻盐胁迫对水稻秧苗的伤害。研究结果可为水稻秧苗耐盐性栽培技术及化学调控物质的研发提供技术及理论支撑。

关键词: 水稻 (Oryza sativa L.), 盐胁迫, 黄腐酸钾, 抗氧化能力, 能量代谢

Abstract:

【Objective】 Salt stress is one of the important environmental factors limiting the yield and quality of crops, including rice. Developing risk cultivation techniques that enhance salt tolerance in rice is essential for ensuring food security in China. 【Methods】 In this study, Nipponbare was selected and subjected to salt stress at the seedling stage. Potassium fulvic acid (PFA) was exogenously sprayed onto rice seedling plants, with distilled water used as a control. The first fully expanded leaves were sampled to determine physiological parameters, including dry biomass, photosynthesis, carbohydrates contents, energy metabolism, Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activities during salt stress.【Results】 Under salt stress, the dry biomass and plant height of rice seedlings treated with PFA were significantly higher than those treated with distilled water. Compared to the control, the relative electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the PFA-treated group were significantly lower than those in the water-treated group, indicating a stronger antioxidant capacity in the former. After salt stress treatment, the decrease in leaf chlorophyll content, actual photochemical quantum efficiency, relative electron transport rate, and net photosynthetic rate were lower in the PFA-treated group than in the water-treated group. There was no obvious difference in the contents of carbohydrates in leaves between these two treatments; PFA effectively reduced the inhibition of energy metabolism by salt stress. It was found that the PFA-treated seedling plants exhibited significantly lower decreases in leaf ATP content, energy charge, and ATPase activity compared to the water-treated group under salt stress. Correspondingly, the increment in potassium ion concentration and decrement in sodium ion concentration in the PFA-treated group were higher than those in the water-treated group. 【Conclusion】 Potassium fulvic acid can improve leaf photosynthesis, promote ATP production and utilization, enhance antioxidant capacity, maintain a higher potassium ion concentration, and lower reactive oxygen species and sodium ion concentrations under salt stress. This, in turn, mitigates damage to rice seedling plants caused by salt stress, providing technical and theoretical support for the development of salt tolerance cultivation techniques and chemical regulators for rice seedlings.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), salt stress, potassium fulvic acid, antioxidant capacity, energy metabolism

候小琴, 王莹, 余贝, 符卫蒙, 奉保华, 沈煜潮, 谢杭军, 王焕然, 许用强, 武志海, 王建军, 陶龙兴, 符冠富. 黄腐酸钾提高水稻秧苗耐盐性的作用途径分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(4): 409-421.

HOU Xiaoqin, WANG Ying, YU Bei, FU Weimeng, FENG Baohua, SHEN Yichao, XIE Hangjun, WANG Huanran, XU Yongqiang, WU Zhihai, WANG Jianjun, TAO Longxing, FU Guanfu. Mechanisms Behind the Role of Potassium Fulvic Acid in Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Rice Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(4): 409-421.

图/表 9

图1 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻植株形态的影响 H2O: 清水处理；PFA: 黄腐酸钾处理。相同小写字母者表示在0.05水平上差异不显著。下同。

Fig. 1. Effect of PFV on plant morphology of rice seedlings under salt stress H2O，Distilled water；PFA，Potassium fulvic acid. The same lowercase letters above the bars represent no significant difference at 0.05 leve1. The same below.

图2 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻秧苗相对电导率，H2O2及MDA含量的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of PFV on relative conductivity, H2O2 and MDA contents of rice seedlings under salt stress

图3 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻秧苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of PFV on antioxidant enzyme activities of rice seedlings under salt stress

图4 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾处理的水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数特征

Fig. 4. Effect of PFV on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice seedlings under salt stress

图5 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻叶片光合作用的影响

Fig. 5. Effect of PFV on photosynthesis of rice seedlings under salt stress

图6 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻叶片碳水化合物含量的影响

Fig. 6. Effect of PFV on carbohydrates contents of rice seedlings under salt stress

图7 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻叶片能量状态的影响

Fig. 7. Effect of PFV on energy status of rice seedlings under salt stress

图8 盐胁迫下黄腐酸钾对水稻植株钠Na+ 、K+浓度及Na+ /K+的影响

Fig. 8. Effect of PFV on concentrations of Na+ and K+ as well as Na+/ K+ of rice seedlings under salt stress

图9 黄腐酸钾影响水稻秧苗耐盐性作用途径模式图 H2O: 蒸馏水处理；PFV: 黄腐酸钾处理；PN: 净光合速率；TAC: 总抗氧化能力; ROS: 活性氧。盐胁迫下，水稻秧苗叶片光合作用受阻，能量代谢紊乱，抗氧化能力下降，致使ROS及Na+浓度大幅度增加，进而干扰水稻秧苗生长发育过程，严重者甚至死亡。外源喷施黄腐酸钾能减缓盐胁迫对光合作用的抑制，改善能量代谢及利用，增强抗氧化能力，维持ROS及Na+/K+的平衡，提高水稻秧苗对盐胁迫耐受性。

Fig. 9. Descriptive model of potassium fulvic acid (PFA) conferring salt tolerance in rice seedlings H2O, Distilled water; PFV, Potassium fulvic acid; PN，Net photosynthetic rate; TAC, Total antioxidant capacity; ROS, Reactive oxygen. Salt stress significantly decreases photosynthesis, disturb energy metabolism, and thus impair the antioxidant capacity, leading to the excess accumulation of ROS and Na+ in rice, which could hamper the plant growth and development, and even result in death. Under such conditions, potassium fulvic acid could improve photosynthesis and energy status, enhance the antioxidant capacity to maintain ROS and Na+/K+ homeostasis, and thus increase the salt tolerance of rice seedlings.

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黄腐酸钾提高水稻秧苗耐盐性的作用途径分析

Mechanisms Behind the Role of Potassium Fulvic Acid in Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Rice Seedlings

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