中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 211-222.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231005

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    

水分调控下绿肥种植和石灰施用对双季稻稻米镉含量的影响

唐志伟1, 朱相成2, 张俊1,*(), 邓艾兴1, 张卫建1   

  1. 1中国农业科学院 作物科学研究所， 北京 100081
    2宜春学院 生命科学与资源环境学院 农学系，宜春 336000
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-16 修回日期:2023-11-29 出版日期:2024-03-10 发布日期:2024-03-14
  • 通讯作者: * email: zhangjun@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22)

Effects of Green Manure Planting and Lime Application on Cadmium Content in Double-cropping Rice Under Controlled Irrigation

TANG Zhiwei1, ZHU Xiangcheng2, ZHANG Jun1,*(), DENG Aixing1, ZHANG Weijian1   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Department of Agronomy, College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
  • Received:2023-10-16 Revised:2023-11-29 Online:2024-03-10 Published:2024-03-14
  • Contact: * email: zhangjun@caas.cn

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摘要：

【目的】农田镉(Cd)污染是当前我国水稻产业高质量发展面临的主要环境问题之一，严重影响稻米商品价值和人民健康。本研究采用田间大区试验，探究水分调控下绿肥种植、石灰施用对稻米Cd含量及水稻产量的影响，以期为水稻安全生产提供技术参考。【方法】试验用早、晚稻品种分别为湘早籼24号和华润2号，试验地在湖南省益阳市，设置常规栽培(CK)、水分调控(W)、绿肥+水分调控(GW)、石灰+水分调控(LW)、绿肥+石灰+水分调控(GLW)共5个处理。【结果】与CK处理相比，W、GW和LW处理早晚稻平均糙米镉含量分别显著降低34.5%、83.5%和83.3%，稻谷镉含量分别显著降低26.3%、82.5%和83.4%；GLW处理仅晚稻的糙米镉含量显著降低43.7%，稻谷镉含量显著降低40.8%。相比CK处理，GW和LW处理早晚稻平均稻壳镉含量分别显著降低71.3%和74.2%，茎叶镉含量显著下降85.3%和79.1%；GLW处理仅晚稻的稻壳镉含量显著降低38.5%，茎叶镉含量显著降低51.9%。相比CK处理，W、GW和LW处理早晚稻平均灌浆期土壤pH值分别显著提高6.2%、23.7%和20.0%，GW处理早晚稻灌浆期土壤有效镉含量显著降低20.0%~22.6%。相比CK处理，GW和LW处理可显著降低早稻稻壳中的Cd向糙米转运；除W处理早稻稻壳和晚稻茎叶较CK处理差异不显著外，其余各处理均可显著降低土壤中的Cd向茎叶、糙米和稻壳富集。各处理间水稻产量差异不显著。【结论】在水稻孕穗后淹水灌溉基础上，配套冬季豆科绿肥种植或春季石灰施用，可实现轻度镉污染稻田水稻安全生产，不影响水稻丰产。

关键词: 镉污染稻田, 双季稻, 水分调控, 绿肥种植, 石灰施用

Abstract:

【Objective】Cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland is a major environmental challenge affecting the development of high-quality rice production in China, impacting both rice commodity value and human health. This study conducted a large-area field trial to investigate the effects of green manure planting and lime application on rice yield and Cd content in grain under controlled irrigation, aiming to provide technical references for rice production safety. 【Method】Early and late rice varieties used in the experiment were Xiangzaoxian 24 and Huarun 2, respectively. The field experiment was conducted in Yiyang City, Hunan Province, where five treatments were set up: conventional cultivation (CK), controlled irrigation (W), green manure + controlled irrigation (GW), lime + controlled irrigation (LW), and green manure + lime + controlled irrigation (GLW). 【Result】Compared with the CK treatment, the average cadmium content in brown rice in the early and late rice under the W, GW, and LW treatments was significantly reduced by 34.5%, 83.5%, and 83.3%, respectively. The average cadmium content in rice grain was significantly reduced by 26.3%, 82.5%, and 83.4%, respectively. As for GLW, compared to CK, the cadmium content in brown rice of late rice was only significantly reduced by 43.7%, and that of rice grain was significantly reduced by 40.8% correspondingly. Compared with the CK treatment, the average cadmium content in rice husk in early rice and late rice under GW and LW treatments was significantly reduced by 71.3% and 74.2%, respectively. However, in GLW, it was significantly reduced by 38.5% only in the late-season rice. The average cadmium content in stems and leaves in early rice and late rice under GW and LW treatments was significantly reduced by 85.3% and 79.1%, respectively, but that of GM was significantly reduced by 51.9% only in the late rice. Compared with the CK treatment, the soil pH value in the early and late rice under the W, GW, and LW treatments was significantly increased by 6.2%, 23.7%, and 20.0%, respectively. The average soil effective Cd content in the early and late rice under the GW treatment was significantly reduced by 20.0% to 22.6% during the filling period. Compared to CK, the GW and LW treatments significantly reduced Cd translocation from early rice hulls to brown rice. Except for the W treatment, where the differences between early rice hulls and late rice stems and leaves were not significant, other treatments significantly reduced the enrichment of soil Cd in stems and leaves, brown rice, and rice hulls. There was no significant difference in rice yield among treatments.【Conclusion】Under flooding irrigation after panicle differentiation, planting leguminous green manure in winter or lime application in spring could ensure rice production safety in lightly cadmium-polluted paddy fields without affecting rice yield.

Key words: cadmium polluted rice fields, double-cropping rice system, controlled irrigation, green manure planting, lime application