淹水胁迫下水稻种子和胚芽葡萄糖供应差异与胚芽存活的关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230902

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为了探明淹水逆境下水稻种子向胚芽供应葡萄糖能力的品种间差异及其与胚芽存活的关系，从而解析水稻芽苗期耐淹机理。【方法】以4个淹水耐性不同的品种为试验材料，设置长期淹水和湿润播种(对照)两个处理，分析种子和胚芽组织的非结构性碳水化合物含量，种子α-淀粉酶活性、胚芽抗氧化酶活性随时间的动态变化，及其与胚芽存活率的相关性。【结果】淹水胁迫下，淹水敏感材料中嘉8号(S1)和中嘉早17(S2)胚芽的葡萄糖含量、SOD、POD酶比蛋白活性在淹水72h后显著下降，表型上表现为胚芽生长停滞并出现死亡症状；而耐淹材料日本晴(T1)、耘两优玖48(T2)的胚芽中葡萄糖含量、SOD、POD的酶比蛋白活性在淹水96 h内保持稳定，胚芽持续伸长。对种子α-淀粉酶活性的分析表明，虽然短期淹水(0－48 h)能够增强所有4个材料的种子α-淀粉酶活性，但随淹水时间的延长(72－96h)，仅耐淹的T1、T2保持α-淀粉酶高活性，其种子内的淀粉含量持续下降而葡萄糖含量不断增加，胚芽葡萄糖含量相对稳定；而淹水敏感材料S1、S2种子内的α-淀粉酶活性则分别在淹水72 h和48 h后下降，种子内淀粉含量相对稳定，但种子和胚芽的葡萄糖含量大幅度下降。相关分析表明，胚芽的存活率与胚芽和种子的葡萄糖含量、胚芽的过氧化物酶(POD)活性极显著正相关，但与种子淀粉含量极显著负相关。【结论】淹水胁迫下胚芽组织消耗大量的葡萄糖维持其生理代谢平衡，种子向胚芽供应葡萄糖的能力直接关系到其存活，种子α-淀粉酶活性变化对胚芽葡萄糖的供应有决定性作用，是种子在淹水条件下存活出苗的关键。

关键词: 淹水逆境, 水稻种子, 胚芽存活率, 葡萄糖, α-淀粉酶, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate varietal differences in germ glucose supply under flooded conditions and its relationship with rice germ survival.【Method】Germinated seeds of four rice varieties with different flooding tolerance were used as material and subjected to flooding and wet (control) conditions. Dynamic changes of non-structural carbohydrate contents in seed and germ tissue, seed α-amylase activities, and germ antioxidant enzyme activities over time were analyzed, along with their correlation with seed survival rates.【Result】Under flooding stress, the glucose content and the activities of SOD and POD in the germs of the flooding-sensitive rice materials, Zhongjiazao 8(S1) and Zhongjiazao 17(S2), decreased significantly after 72 hours of flooding, leading to stagnation of germ growth and death. However, the embryo glucose content and the activities of SOD and POD remained stable in the germs of the flooding-tolerant variety Nipponbare(T1) and Yunliangyoujiu 48(T2) after 96 hours of flooding treatment, allowing the germs to continue growing and elongating. Analysis of seed α-amylase activities showed that while short-term flooding (0－48h) enhanced seed α-amylase activities in all four materials, only flooding-tolerant varieties T1 and T2 maintained high α-amylase activity under prolonged flooding (72－96h), leading to a decline in starch content within their seeds and an increase in glucose content. In contrast, the α-amylase activities of flood-sensitive varieties S1 and S2 declined after 48 and 72 hours of flooding treatment, respectively, with relatively stable starch content in the seeds but substantial declines in glucose content of the seeds and the germ. Correlation analysis revealed that germ survival was highly positively correlated with germ and seed glucose content, and POD activity of germ, while highly negatively correlated with seed starch content.【Conclusion】Under flooding stress, the germ tissue consumes a large amount of glucose to maintain its physiological metabolic balance, and the ability of seeds to supply glucose to the embryo is directly related to its survival. Changes in seed α-amylase activity play a pivotal role in the glucose supply to the germ, which is crucial for the survival and emergence of the seed under flooding stress.

Key words: flooding, rice seeds, embryo survival rate, glucose, α-amylase, antioxidant enzyme

郑广杰, 叶昌, 朱均林, 陶怡, 肖德顺, 徐亚楠, 褚光, 徐春梅, 王丹英. 淹水胁迫下水稻种子和胚芽葡萄糖供应差异与胚芽存活的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(2): 172-184.

ZHENG Guangjie, YE Chang, ZHU Junlin, TAO Yi, XIAO Deshun, XU Yanan, CHU Guang, XU Chunmei, WANG Danying. Relationship Between Embryo Survival and Glucose Supply of Rice Seed and Embryo Under Flooding Stress[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(2): 172-184.

图/表 9

表1 淹水胁迫对不同水稻材料胚芽长度和干物质量的影响

Table 1. Effects of flooding stress on the embryo length and dry matter accumulation in different rice materials

材料 Material	胚芽长度比值Germ length ratio(T/CK,%)				胚芽干物质量比值Germ dry weight ratio(T/CK,%)
材料 Material	HAS24	HAS48	HAS72	HAS96	HAS24	HAS48	HAS72	HAS96
T1	235.3±8.7 a	169.8±2.7 b	128.6±2.6 c	112.0±4.1 d	70.5±3.3 a	67.9±2.3 a	59.2±2.6 b	50.7±1.6 c
T2	230.8±8.6 a	142.8±4.8 b	97.9±3.5 c	81.4±6.9 d	66.9±4.8 a	55.0±2.7 a	44.7±1.0 b	42.4±1.4 c
S1	210.5±9.4 a	177.1±7.9 b	103.8±8.7 c	71.2±4.4 d	65.4±4.3 a	59.4±4.0 b	45.2±5.3 c	35.2±1.1 c
S2	163.3±11.6 a	95.5±8.5 b	62.0±3.0 c	43.1±3.3 d	50.3±4.8 a	32.7±1.8 b	20.4±0.6 c	16.8±0.5 c

图1 不同处理下4份水稻材料胚芽表型变化及差异

Fig. 1. Changes and differences in embryo phenotypes of four rice materials under different treatments

表2 淹水胁迫对不同水稻材料胚芽存活的影响

Table 2. Effect of flooding on embryo survival of different rice materials

材料 Material	存活率Survival rate（%）
材料 Material	HAS24	HAS48	HAS72	HAS96
T1	100±0 a	100±0 a	100±0 a	100±0 a
T2	100±0 a	100±0 a	100±0 a	100±0 a
S1	100±0 a	100±0 a	93±2 b	86±4 c
S2	100±0 a	99±1 a	87±3 c	78±6 d

图2 不同处理下4份材料种子淀粉、可溶性总糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量变化及差异数值表示平均值±标准差（n=3），不同的小写字母表示同一品种、同一处理、不同处理时间的数据在0.05水平上存在显著性差异。*和**表示同一品种、同一时间、不同处理的数据在0.05和0.01水平上存在显著性差异。下同。

Fig. 2. Changes and differences in seed starch, total soluble sugar, glucose and sucrose contents of 4 rice materials under different treatments Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level for data from the same variety under the same treatment for different treatment time. * and ** indicate that data from the same variety under different treatments for the same treatment time are significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels. The same below.

图3 不同处理下4份材料胚芽可溶性总糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量变化及差异

Fig. 3. Changes and differences in total soluble sugar, glucose and sucrose contents of germ of four rice materials under different treatments

图4 不同处理下4份材料种子α-淀粉酶活性变化及差异

Fig. 4. Changes and differences in seed α-amylase activity of 4 rice materials under different treatments

图5 不同处理下4份材料胚芽可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶比蛋白活性变化及差异

Fig. 5. Changes and differences in soluble protein content and specific protein activities of antioxidant enzymes in the germs of 4 rice materials under different treatments

图6 淹水条件下4份材料存活率与生理指标间的相关性 S：淀粉含量；TSS：可溶性糖含量；Glu：葡萄糖含量；Suc：蔗糖含量；α-Amy：α-淀粉酶活性；Pro：可溶性蛋白质含量；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶活性；POD：过氧化物酶活性；CAT过氧化氢酶活性。*表示在0.05水平上存在显著性差异，**表示在0.01水平上存在显著差异。

Fig. 6. Correlation between survival and physiological indicators in 4 rice materials under flooding treatment S, Seed starch; TSS, Total soluble sugars; Glu, Glucose; Suc, Sucrose; α-Amy, α- amylase; Pro, Protein; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; POD, Peroxidase; CAT, Catalase. * indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level, ** indicate significant difference at the 0.01 level.

图7 长期淹水下水稻发芽种子的出苗过程

Fig. 7. Emergence process of germinating seeds of rice under flooding treatment

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