辽宁盘锦地区稻飞虱天敌螯蜂种群动态研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】螯蜂科昆虫是稻飞虱的重要天敌，兼具捕食与寄生习性，其在发挥稻田生态系统有害生物的自然调控功能方面具有重要意义，连续4年在我国粳稻重要产区辽宁省盘锦市进行稻田螯蜂科昆虫调查研究，以明确我国北方稻飞虱天敌螯蜂的种类及田间发生情况。【方法】以寄主稻飞虱体背出现“背囊”(下称“背囊”寄主，螯蜂卵期至幼虫期)、蜂茧(螯蜂幼虫期至蛹期)、螯蜂雌成虫三个虫态为考查指标，开展盘锦地区稻飞虱天敌螯蜂种类调查，研究了常规稻田和养蟹稻田中不同虫态螯蜂的种群动态，分析了常规稻田中螯蜂与寄主稻飞虱种群动态的相关性。【结果】结果表明，盘锦地区稻飞虱天敌螯蜂共有2种，分别为黑腹单节螯蜂[Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood)]和稻虱红单节螯蜂[Haplogonatopus apicalis R. C. L. Perkins]，优势种为黑腹单节螯蜂；8月15日盘锦地区养蟹稻田中，稻飞虱天敌螯蜂种群数量达到峰值(9.80±0.20 头/点)。考查螯蜂的不同虫态，雌成虫的数量峰值(4.40±0.60 头/点)、“背囊”寄主的数量峰值(6.40±0.51 头/点)、蜂茧的数量峰值(3.20±1.24 头/点)均出现在养蟹稻田，高峰期分别为7月30日、8月15日和9月15日。【结论】盘锦地区养蟹稻田中稻飞虱天敌螯蜂种群数量高于常规稻田，常规稻田中螯蜂与寄主稻飞虱种群动态无明显相关性。养蟹稻田几乎不施用杀虫剂，促使稻飞虱螯蜂科天敌种群密度增加，有利于其发挥稻田生态系统自然控害功能。

关键词: 稻田, 螯蜂, 优势种, 种群动态

Abstract:

【Objective】 Dryinidae is an important natural enemy of rice planthoppers, with both predatory and parasitic habits, plays an important role in regulating the paddy ecosystem. To understand the species composition and occurrence of Dryinidae, a four-year investigation was conducted in Panjin Prefecture, Liaoning Province, a siginicant japonica rice producing area in northern China. 【Method】 We used the rice planthopper with “back sac”(Hereafter referred to as“back sac” host), the cocoon and the female adult of Dryinidae as index, to research the species of Dryinidae, the population dynamics of different stages of Dryinidae in conventional paddies(CP) and crab-rice paddies(CR), and the correlation of population dynamics for Dryinidae and its host in conventional paddy fields. 【Result】 The results showed that there are two species of Dryinidae in Panjin Prefecture, which are Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood) and Haplogonatopus apicalis R. C. L. Perkins. Haplogonatopus oratorius(Westwood) is the dominant species. The peak population of Dryinidae for natural enemy of rice planthoppers appeared on August 15 in Panjin Prefecture(9.80±0.20). The number of “back sac” host, the cocoon and the female adult of Dryinidae peaked in crab-rice paddy field. The peak period is on August 15th, September 15th and July 30th in turn, and the peak value is 6.40±0.51, 3.20±1.24, and 4.40±0.60, respectively. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant correlation of population dynamics between rice planthoppers and Dryinidae in conventional paddy fields. We believe that the population quantity of Dryinidae for natural enemy of rice planthoppers in crab-rice paddy field is larger than that in conventional paddy field in Panjin Prefecture. We speculate that this was because almost no insecticides were applied in crab-rice paddy field, which increased the population density of Dryinidae. It is beneficial to its controlling function on pests in the paddy field ecosystem.

Key words: paddy field, Dryinidae, dominant species, population dynamic

马晓慧, 邢亚楠, 郭莉, 刘郁, 车喜庆, 桑海旭. 辽宁盘锦地区稻飞虱天敌螯蜂种群动态研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(1): 99-105.

MA Xiaohui, XING Yanan, GUO Li, LIU Yu, CHE Xiqing, SANG Haixu. Population Dynamics of Dryinidae, Natural Predators of Rice Planthoppers in Panjin Prefecture, Liaoning Province[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(1): 99-105.

图/表 5

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调查日期 Investigation date (Month-Day)	稻田类型 Type of paddy field	“背囊”寄主数量 “Back sac” host quantity	蜂茧数量 Cocoon quantity	雌成虫数量 Female adult quantity	螯蜂总数量 Total quantity of Dryinidae
7-15	常规稻田CP	0.60±0.24 a	0.40±0.24 a	0.00±0.00 a	1.00±0.31 a
7-15	养蟹稻田CR	1.20±0.37 a	0.40±0.24 a	0.00±0.00 a	1.60±0.40 a
7-30	常规稻田CP	1.00±0.32 a	1.60±0.93 a	0.60±0.24 a	3.20±1.02 a
7-30	养蟹稻田CR	2.20±0.58 a	3.20±1.24 a	1.00±0.44 a	6.40±1.03 a
8-15	常规稻田CP	1.80±0.20 a	0.80±0.37 a	0.60±0.40 a	3.20±0.73 a
8-15	养蟹稻田CR	6.40±0.51 b	2.80±0.37 a	0.60±0.40 a	9.80±0.20 b
8-30	常规稻田CP	2.40±0.40 a	0.20±0.20 a	2.60±0.24 a	3.80±0.58 a
8-30	养蟹稻田CR	3.00±0.54 a	1.80±0.37 b	2.20±0.58 a	7.00±0.71 b
9-15	常规稻田CP	4.20±0.37 a	1.00±0.55 a	0.60±0.40 a	7.80±0.80 a
9-15	养蟹稻田CR	4.40±0.40 a	0.60±0.24 a	4.40±0.60 b	9.40±0.68 a
9-30	常规稻田CP	1.20±0.20 a	0.40±0.24 a	0.60±0.40 a	2.20±0.58 a
9-30	养蟹稻田CR	0.80±0.20 b	0.00±0.00 a	0.00±0.00 a	0.40±0.24 b

调查日期 Investigation date (Month-Day)	稻田类型 Type of paddy field	“背囊”寄主数量 “Back sac” host quantity	蜂茧数量 Cocoon quantity	雌成虫数量 Female adult quantity	螯蜂总数量 Total quantity of Dryinidae
7-15	常规稻田CP	0.60±0.24 a	0.40±0.24 a	0.00±0.00 a	1.00±0.31 a
7-15	养蟹稻田CR	1.20±0.37 a	0.40±0.24 a	0.00±0.00 a	1.60±0.40 a
7-30	常规稻田CP	1.00±0.32 a	1.60±0.93 a	0.60±0.24 a	3.20±1.02 a
7-30	养蟹稻田CR	2.20±0.58 a	3.20±1.24 a	1.00±0.44 a	6.40±1.03 a
8-15	常规稻田CP	1.80±0.20 a	0.80±0.37 a	0.60±0.40 a	3.20±0.73 a
8-15	养蟹稻田CR	6.40±0.51 b	2.80±0.37 a	0.60±0.40 a	9.80±0.20 b
8-30	常规稻田CP	2.40±0.40 a	0.20±0.20 a	2.60±0.24 a	3.80±0.58 a
8-30	养蟹稻田CR	3.00±0.54 a	1.80±0.37 b	2.20±0.58 a	7.00±0.71 b
9-15	常规稻田CP	4.20±0.37 a	1.00±0.55 a	0.60±0.40 a	7.80±0.80 a
9-15	养蟹稻田CR	4.40±0.40 a	0.60±0.24 a	4.40±0.60 b	9.40±0.68 a
9-30	常规稻田CP	1.20±0.20 a	0.40±0.24 a	0.60±0.40 a	2.20±0.58 a
9-30	养蟹稻田CR	0.80±0.20 b	0.00±0.00 a	0.00±0.00 a	0.40±0.24 b