中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 48-56.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230401
吴子牛, 何丽梅, 熊莹, 陈凯瑞, 杨志远, 孙永健, 吕旭, 马均*()
收稿日期:
2023-04-03
修回日期:
2023-11-09
出版日期:
2024-01-10
发布日期:
2024-01-16
通讯作者:
* email:基金资助:
WU Ziniu, HE Limei, XIONG Ying, CHEN Kairui, YANG Zhiyuan, SUN Yongjian, LÜ Xu, MA Jun*()
Received:
2023-04-03
Revised:
2023-11-09
Online:
2024-01-10
Published:
2024-01-16
Contact:
* email: 摘要:
【目的】为明确氮素穗肥对杂交稻籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【方法】选用两个直链淀粉含量差异较大的杂交稻品种锦优1319(高直链淀粉)和蓉优702(低直链淀粉),在不同的氮素穗肥处理下(设0、60、90和120 kg/hm2 4个纯氮水平,分别用CK、N1、N2、N3表示)研究氮素穗肥水平对籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【结果】不同穗肥处理下杂交稻籽粒灌浆特性差异显著,且不同类型品种表现各异,其中氮素穗肥的施用显著降低了稻米的直链淀粉含量。锦优1319的Gmax和Gmean随氮素穗肥水平的变化均表现为N2>CK>N1>N3,而蓉优702则表现为N3>N2>CK>N1;施用氮素穗肥显著增加了花后5~25 d籽粒腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(ADPG)和淀粉分支酶(DBE)的活性,降低了花后5~15 d籽粒GBSS活性,降低了花后5~25 d籽粒淀粉合成酶(SSS)和SBE活性。【结论】高直链淀粉品种锦优1319籽粒灌浆的最佳氮素穗肥施用量低于低直链淀粉品种蓉优702:其中锦优1319的最佳氮素穗肥施用量为90 kg/hm2,蓉优702为120 kg/hm2。施用氮素穗肥显著降低了GBSS、SSS的活性,加之SBE活性下降,DBE活性提高,最终降低稻米直链淀粉含量。本研究条件下,籽粒ADPG活性未对稻米直链淀粉含量产生显著影响。
吴子牛, 何丽梅, 熊莹, 陈凯瑞, 杨志远, 孙永健, 吕旭, 马均. 氮素穗肥对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆影响及其与淀粉合成关键酶活性间关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(1): 48-56.
WU Ziniu, HE Limei, XIONG Ying, CHEN Kairui, YANG Zhiyuan, SUN Yongjian, LÜ Xu, MA Jun. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Topdressing for Panicle Differentiation on Grain Filling of Hybrid indica Rice and Its Relationship with the Activities of Key Enzymes for Starch Synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(1): 48-56.
年份 Year | 全氮 Total nitrogen /(g·kg−1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen/(mg·kg−1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus/(mg·kg−1) | 有效钾 Available potassium/(mg·kg−1) | 有机质 Organic matter /(mg·kg−1) | pH值 pH value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2.24 | 123.50 | 36.01 | 171.93 | 26.21 | 5.88 |
2021 | 1.78 | 90.41 | 32.65 | 145.56 | 30.02 | 6.01 |
表1 2020、2021年基础土壤理化指标
Table 1. Soil physical and chemical properties at experimental site in 2020 and 2021.
年份 Year | 全氮 Total nitrogen /(g·kg−1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen/(mg·kg−1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus/(mg·kg−1) | 有效钾 Available potassium/(mg·kg−1) | 有机质 Organic matter /(mg·kg−1) | pH值 pH value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2.24 | 123.50 | 36.01 | 171.93 | 26.21 | 5.88 |
2021 | 1.78 | 90.41 | 32.65 | 145.56 | 30.02 | 6.01 |
图1 不同氮素穗肥水平下杂交水稻籽粒增重动态和灌浆曲线 (左: J1319,右:R702)
Fig. 1. Grain weight dynamics and grain filling curve of indica hybrid rice at various nitrogen fertilizer topdressing levels for panicle differentiation (left: J1319; right: R702).
品种 Varieties | 处理 Treatment | R0 | Tmax | Gmax | Gmean | D | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | ||||||
J1319 | CK | 0.555 | 0.113 | 7.469 | 29.029 | 2.216 | 0.635 | 1.506 | 0.409 | 18.022 | 32.355 | ||||
N1 | 0.571 | 0.120 | 9.960 | 27.707 | 2.174 | 0.632 | 1.453 | 0.391 | 17.161 | 21.745 | |||||
N2 | 0.642 | 0.133 | 8.110 | 28.855 | 2.253 | 0.670 | 1.531 | 0.424 | 17.133 | 26.977 | |||||
N3 | 0.557 | 0.132 | 8.466 | 27.829 | 2.113 | 0.581 | 1.432 | 0.372 | 17.719 | 26.563 | |||||
R702 | CK | 0.421 | 0.157 | 7.107 | 28.209 | 1.911 | 0.883 | 1.298 | 0.567 | 14.771 | 22.014 | ||||
N1 | 0.538 | 0.164 | 6.594 | 27.777 | 1.853 | 0.840 | 1.259 | 0.543 | 15.592 | 24.301 | |||||
N2 | 0.582 | 0.185 | 7.164 | 27.751 | 1.990 | 0.798 | 1.352 | 0.523 | 13.446 | 23.685 | |||||
N3 | 0.467 | 0.180 | 7.197 | 28.902 | 2.090 | 0.674 | 1.420 | 0.445 | 13.104 | 27.237 |
表2 不同氮素穗肥水平下籼型杂交稻籽粒灌浆特征参数
Table 2. Grain filling parameters of indica hybrid rice at various nitrogen fertilizer levels for panicle initiation.
品种 Varieties | 处理 Treatment | R0 | Tmax | Gmax | Gmean | D | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | 强势粒S | 弱势粒I | ||||||
J1319 | CK | 0.555 | 0.113 | 7.469 | 29.029 | 2.216 | 0.635 | 1.506 | 0.409 | 18.022 | 32.355 | ||||
N1 | 0.571 | 0.120 | 9.960 | 27.707 | 2.174 | 0.632 | 1.453 | 0.391 | 17.161 | 21.745 | |||||
N2 | 0.642 | 0.133 | 8.110 | 28.855 | 2.253 | 0.670 | 1.531 | 0.424 | 17.133 | 26.977 | |||||
N3 | 0.557 | 0.132 | 8.466 | 27.829 | 2.113 | 0.581 | 1.432 | 0.372 | 17.719 | 26.563 | |||||
R702 | CK | 0.421 | 0.157 | 7.107 | 28.209 | 1.911 | 0.883 | 1.298 | 0.567 | 14.771 | 22.014 | ||||
N1 | 0.538 | 0.164 | 6.594 | 27.777 | 1.853 | 0.840 | 1.259 | 0.543 | 15.592 | 24.301 | |||||
N2 | 0.582 | 0.185 | 7.164 | 27.751 | 1.990 | 0.798 | 1.352 | 0.523 | 13.446 | 23.685 | |||||
N3 | 0.467 | 0.180 | 7.197 | 28.902 | 2.090 | 0.674 | 1.420 | 0.445 | 13.104 | 27.237 |
品种 Variety | 粒位 Grain position | 处理 Treatment | 前期Early stage | 中期Middle stage | 后期Late stage | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天数 Days/d | 平均速率 MGR /(mg·d−1grain−1) | 贡献率 RGC/% | 天数 Days/d | 平均速率 MGR /(mg·d−1grain−1) | 贡献率 RGC/% | 天数 Days/d | 平均速率 MGR /(mg·d−1grain−1) | 贡献率 RGC/% | |||||
J1319 | S | CK | 3.13 | 0.63 | 7.30 | 8.67 | 1.91 | 60.96 | 16.39 | 0.51 | 30.74 | ||
N1 | 6.16 | 0.82 | 20.15 | 7.61 | 1.90 | 58.12 | 9.72 | 0.53 | 20.74 | ||||
N2 | 4.00 | 0.54 | 8.18 | 8.23 | 1.94 | 60.95 | 15.07 | 0.52 | 29.87 | ||||
N3 | 4.28 | 0.71 | 12.06 | 8.36 | 1.83 | 60.49 | 13.50 | 0.50 | 26.45 | ||||
I | CK | 22.96 | 0.19 | 33.80 | 12.14 | 0.56 | 51.59 | 10.81 | 0.17 | 13.61 | |||
N1 | 24.36 | 0.16 | 45.49 | 6.70 | 0.56 | 44.41 | 4.35 | 0.18 | 9.10 | ||||
N2 | 24.21 | 0.18 | 39.19 | 9.30 | 0.59 | 48.42 | 7.18 | 0.18 | 11.39 | ||||
N3 | 22.97 | 0.15 | 35.53 | 9.71 | 0.52 | 50.60 | 8.26 | 0.15 | 12.87 | ||||
R702 | S | CK | 3.57 | 0.49 | 9.22 | 7.07 | 1.65 | 60.88 | 12.50 | 0.44 | 28.90 | ||
N1 | 2.84 | 0.51 | 7.35 | 7.50 | 1.60 | 60.96 | 14.15 | 0.43 | 30.69 | ||||
N2 | 3.93 | 0.36 | 7.70 | 6.46 | 1.71 | 60.96 | 12.04 | 0.46 | 30.34 | ||||
N3 | 4.04 | 0.34 | 7.30 | 6.31 | 1.80 | 60.96 | 11.91 | 0.48 | 30.74 | ||||
I | CK | 24.12 | 0.18 | 34.42 | 8.18 | 0.78 | 51.24 | 7.17 | 0.23 | 13.34 | |||
N1 | 23.12 | 0.18 | 32.32 | 9.31 | 0.74 | 52.41 | 8.62 | 0.22 | 14.27 | ||||
N2 | 22.95 | 0.15 | 28.05 | 9.61 | 0.70 | 54.63 | 9.95 | 0.20 | 16.32 | ||||
N3 | 23.18 | 0.13 | 25.21 | 11.44 | 0.59 | 55.99 | 12.76 | 0.17 | 17.80 |
表3 不同氮素穗肥水平下籼型杂交稻籽粒灌浆阶段特性
Table 3. Characteristics of grain filling of indica hybrid rice at various nitrogen fertilizer levels for panicle initiation.
品种 Variety | 粒位 Grain position | 处理 Treatment | 前期Early stage | 中期Middle stage | 后期Late stage | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天数 Days/d | 平均速率 MGR /(mg·d−1grain−1) | 贡献率 RGC/% | 天数 Days/d | 平均速率 MGR /(mg·d−1grain−1) | 贡献率 RGC/% | 天数 Days/d | 平均速率 MGR /(mg·d−1grain−1) | 贡献率 RGC/% | |||||
J1319 | S | CK | 3.13 | 0.63 | 7.30 | 8.67 | 1.91 | 60.96 | 16.39 | 0.51 | 30.74 | ||
N1 | 6.16 | 0.82 | 20.15 | 7.61 | 1.90 | 58.12 | 9.72 | 0.53 | 20.74 | ||||
N2 | 4.00 | 0.54 | 8.18 | 8.23 | 1.94 | 60.95 | 15.07 | 0.52 | 29.87 | ||||
N3 | 4.28 | 0.71 | 12.06 | 8.36 | 1.83 | 60.49 | 13.50 | 0.50 | 26.45 | ||||
I | CK | 22.96 | 0.19 | 33.80 | 12.14 | 0.56 | 51.59 | 10.81 | 0.17 | 13.61 | |||
N1 | 24.36 | 0.16 | 45.49 | 6.70 | 0.56 | 44.41 | 4.35 | 0.18 | 9.10 | ||||
N2 | 24.21 | 0.18 | 39.19 | 9.30 | 0.59 | 48.42 | 7.18 | 0.18 | 11.39 | ||||
N3 | 22.97 | 0.15 | 35.53 | 9.71 | 0.52 | 50.60 | 8.26 | 0.15 | 12.87 | ||||
R702 | S | CK | 3.57 | 0.49 | 9.22 | 7.07 | 1.65 | 60.88 | 12.50 | 0.44 | 28.90 | ||
N1 | 2.84 | 0.51 | 7.35 | 7.50 | 1.60 | 60.96 | 14.15 | 0.43 | 30.69 | ||||
N2 | 3.93 | 0.36 | 7.70 | 6.46 | 1.71 | 60.96 | 12.04 | 0.46 | 30.34 | ||||
N3 | 4.04 | 0.34 | 7.30 | 6.31 | 1.80 | 60.96 | 11.91 | 0.48 | 30.74 | ||||
I | CK | 24.12 | 0.18 | 34.42 | 8.18 | 0.78 | 51.24 | 7.17 | 0.23 | 13.34 | |||
N1 | 23.12 | 0.18 | 32.32 | 9.31 | 0.74 | 52.41 | 8.62 | 0.22 | 14.27 | ||||
N2 | 22.95 | 0.15 | 28.05 | 9.61 | 0.70 | 54.63 | 9.95 | 0.20 | 16.32 | ||||
N3 | 23.18 | 0.13 | 25.21 | 11.44 | 0.59 | 55.99 | 12.76 | 0.17 | 17.80 |
年份 Year | 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% | 年份 Year | 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | J1319 | CK | 25.12±0.18 a | 2020 | R702 | CK | 14.47±0.10 a |
N1 | 23.88±0.58 b | N1 | 14.23±0.26 b | ||||
N2 | 23.21±0.95 b | N2 | 13.87±0.21 c | ||||
N3 | 22.56±0.69 c | N3 | 13.41±0.40 c | ||||
Average | 23.69 | Average | 14.00 | ||||
2021 | J1319 | CK | 26.82±0.13 a | 2021 | R702 | CK | 15.78±0.07 a |
N1 | 25.62±0.12 b | N1 | 15.57±007 b | ||||
N2 | 24.61±0.12 c | N2 | 15.05±0.11 c | ||||
N3 | 22.80±0.11 d | N3 | 14.93±0.11c | ||||
Average | 24.96 | Average | 15.34 | ||||
方差分析 ANOVA | 品种 Variety(V) | ** | 方差分析 ANOVA | 品种 Variety(V) | ** | ||
氮肥 Nitrogen(N) | ** | 氮肥 Nitrogen(N) | ** | ||||
V×N | ** | V×N | ** |
表4 氮素穗肥对杂交稻稻米直链淀粉含量的影响
Table 4. Effects of nitrogen panicle fertilizer on amylose content of hybrid rice.
年份 Year | 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% | 年份 Year | 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | J1319 | CK | 25.12±0.18 a | 2020 | R702 | CK | 14.47±0.10 a |
N1 | 23.88±0.58 b | N1 | 14.23±0.26 b | ||||
N2 | 23.21±0.95 b | N2 | 13.87±0.21 c | ||||
N3 | 22.56±0.69 c | N3 | 13.41±0.40 c | ||||
Average | 23.69 | Average | 14.00 | ||||
2021 | J1319 | CK | 26.82±0.13 a | 2021 | R702 | CK | 15.78±0.07 a |
N1 | 25.62±0.12 b | N1 | 15.57±007 b | ||||
N2 | 24.61±0.12 c | N2 | 15.05±0.11 c | ||||
N3 | 22.80±0.11 d | N3 | 14.93±0.11c | ||||
Average | 24.96 | Average | 15.34 | ||||
方差分析 ANOVA | 品种 Variety(V) | ** | 方差分析 ANOVA | 品种 Variety(V) | ** | ||
氮肥 Nitrogen(N) | ** | 氮肥 Nitrogen(N) | ** | ||||
V×N | ** | V×N | ** |
图2 氮素穗肥对籼型杂交稻灌浆期籽粒ADPG、GBSS、SSS、SBE和DBE活性的影响
Fig. 2. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer for panicle initiation on the activities of ADPG, GBSS, SSS, SBE, and DBE activities of indica hybrid rice during the filling stage.
品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number /(×104·hm−2) | 每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate /% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g | 稻谷产量 Grain yield /(t·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
J1319 | CK | 228.92±6.37 b | 137.00±7.04 c | 85.81±1.59 a | 29.89±0.20 a | 8.59±0.10 c |
N1 | 245.29±2.46 a | 173.08±10.62 b | 70.46±0.70 b | 29.53±0.21 a | 9.59±0.16 b | |
N2 | 255.75±4.82 a | 195.68±1.32 a | 66.46±2.06 b | 29.70±0.04 a | 9.95±0.14 a | |
N3 | 256.15±13.55 a | 195.36±10.37 a | 71.23±0.11 b | 27.84±0.22 b | 9.99±0.25 a | |
Average | 246.58 | 175.28 | 73.05 | 29.24 | 9.53 | |
R702 | CK | 280.00±1.76 c | 112.61±3.87 c | 82.48±1.01 b | 23.77±0.13 b | 7.07±0.25 c |
N1 | 293.73±6.09 b | 128.35±3.95 b | 88.29±2.82 a | 24.79±0.28 a | 9.04±0.23 b | |
N2 | 313.33±0.85 a | 143.96±3.38 a | 89.21±3.03 a | 23.79±0.13 b | 9.71±0.07 a | |
N3 | 323.86±4.39 a | 147.61±13.05 a | 88.88±1.79 a | 24.10±0.45 b | 9.66±0.20 a | |
Average | 302.73 | 133.13 | 87.22 | 24.11 | 8.87 | |
方差分析ANOVA | 品种 Variety(V) | ** | * | ** | ** | * |
氮肥 Nitrogen(N) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
V×N | ns | * | ** | ** | ** |
表5 氮素穗肥对杂交籼稻产量及其构成因素的影响
Table 5. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer for panicle initiation on grain yield and its components of hybrid rice.
品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number /(×104·hm−2) | 每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate /% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g | 稻谷产量 Grain yield /(t·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
J1319 | CK | 228.92±6.37 b | 137.00±7.04 c | 85.81±1.59 a | 29.89±0.20 a | 8.59±0.10 c |
N1 | 245.29±2.46 a | 173.08±10.62 b | 70.46±0.70 b | 29.53±0.21 a | 9.59±0.16 b | |
N2 | 255.75±4.82 a | 195.68±1.32 a | 66.46±2.06 b | 29.70±0.04 a | 9.95±0.14 a | |
N3 | 256.15±13.55 a | 195.36±10.37 a | 71.23±0.11 b | 27.84±0.22 b | 9.99±0.25 a | |
Average | 246.58 | 175.28 | 73.05 | 29.24 | 9.53 | |
R702 | CK | 280.00±1.76 c | 112.61±3.87 c | 82.48±1.01 b | 23.77±0.13 b | 7.07±0.25 c |
N1 | 293.73±6.09 b | 128.35±3.95 b | 88.29±2.82 a | 24.79±0.28 a | 9.04±0.23 b | |
N2 | 313.33±0.85 a | 143.96±3.38 a | 89.21±3.03 a | 23.79±0.13 b | 9.71±0.07 a | |
N3 | 323.86±4.39 a | 147.61±13.05 a | 88.88±1.79 a | 24.10±0.45 b | 9.66±0.20 a | |
Average | 302.73 | 133.13 | 87.22 | 24.11 | 8.87 | |
方差分析ANOVA | 品种 Variety(V) | ** | * | ** | ** | * |
氮肥 Nitrogen(N) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
V×N | ns | * | ** | ** | ** |
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