中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 166-177.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220414
陈丽明1,#, 杨陶陶2,#, 熊若愚1, 谭雪明1, 黄山1, 曾勇军1, 潘晓华1, 石庆华1, 张俊3, 曾研华1,*()
收稿日期:
2022-04-29
修回日期:
2022-07-23
出版日期:
2023-03-10
发布日期:
2023-03-10
通讯作者:
曾研华
作者简介:
第一联系人:#共同第一作者
基金资助:
CHEN Liming1,#, YANG Taotao2,#, XIONG Ruoyu1, TAN Xueming1, HUANG Shang1, ZENG Yongjun1, PAN Xiaohua1, SHI Qinghua1, ZHANG Jun3, ZENG Yanhua1,*()
Received:
2022-04-29
Revised:
2022-07-23
Online:
2023-03-10
Published:
2023-03-10
Contact:
ZENG Yanhua
About author:
First author contact:#These authors contributed equally to this work
摘要:
【目的】明确未来气候变暖条件下双季籼稻品质形成的淀粉积累特征。【方法】早稻以湘早籼45号(常规籼稻)和柒两优2012(杂交籼稻),晚稻以九香粘(常规籼稻)和泰优398(杂交籼稻)为试验材料,利用开放式主动增温系统,设置全生育期增温(早稻增温1.4~1.5 ℃,晚稻增温2.0~2.3 ℃)和不增温2个处理,探明全生育期增温对双季籼稻籽粒淀粉合成及其关键酶活性的影响。【结果】开放式增温条件下,稻米中总淀粉和支链淀粉含量无显著变化,直链淀粉含量和直链淀粉占总淀粉比例降低,其中,柒两优2012和九香粘的直链淀粉含量分别显著降低了4.2%和3.4%。与不增温处理相比,增温提高了灌浆前期(抽穗后7~14 d)籽粒中总淀粉和直链淀粉积累量,但对晚稻籽粒直链淀粉积累量的影响持续时间要大于早稻,主要与淀粉合成关键酶活性不同程度升高有关。增温条件下,早稻灌浆结实期籽粒中二磷酸腺苷葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADGPase)活性呈先升高后降低趋势,而晚稻呈逐渐升高趋势;增温降低了早稻抽穗后14 d和晚稻抽穗后7 d籽粒中结合态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性,但显著增加晚稻抽穗后期(抽穗后21、28 d)籽粒中GBSS活性;同时显著提高了柒两优2012和九香粘抽穗后7和14 d 籽粒中可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性,晚稻籽粒中淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性有升高趋势。总体上,增温对晚稻籽粒中ADGPase、GBSS活性的影响显著大于早稻。【结论】开放式主动增温显著提升双季籼稻灌浆前期(抽穗后7~14 d)籽粒中ADGPase、GBSS和SSS的活性,进而提高双季籼稻灌浆前期籽粒总淀粉及其组分的合成和积累。增温对淀粉合成关键酶的影响因季别和品种而异。
陈丽明, 杨陶陶, 熊若愚, 谭雪明, 黄山, 曾勇军, 潘晓华, 石庆华, 张俊, 曾研华. 开放式主动增温对双季优质籼稻籽粒淀粉积累及其关键酶活性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(2): 166-177.
CHEN Liming, YANG Taotao, XIONG Ruoyu, TAN Xueming, HUANG Shang, ZENG Yongjun, PAN Xiaohua, SHI Qinghua, ZHANG Jun, ZENG Yanhua. Effect of Free-air Temperature Increasing on Activities of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis and Accumulation of Double-cropping indica Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(2): 166-177.
图1 不增温和增温处理水稻冠层日平均温度动态 图中数据为平均值±标准误。
Fig. 1. Rice canopy daily average temperature changes of rice canopy in ambient and warming treatments. The data in the table are average values ± standard error.
季别 Season | 品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 抽穗-成熟 Heading to maturity | 移栽-成熟 Transplanting to maturity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最高 Max | 最低 Min | 日较差 Range | 最高 Max | 最低 Min | 日较差 Range | |||
早稻 | 湘早籼45号 | 不增温 Ambient | 36.9 | 23.5 | 13.4 | 34.6 | 21.5 | 12.6 |
Early rice | Xiangzaoxian 45 | 增温Warming | 37.9 | 25.0 | 12.9 | 35.0 | 23.2 | 12.0 |
差值 Difference | 1.0 | 1.5 | −0.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 | −0.6 | ||
柒两优2012 | 不增温 Ambient | 37.7 | 23.6 | 13.6 | 34.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | |
Qiliangyou 2012 | 增温Warming | 38.5 | 25.3 | 13.2 | 35.0 | 23.2 | 12.0 | |
差值 Difference | 0.8 | 1.7 | −0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 | −0.7 | ||
晚稻 | 九香粘 | 不增温 Ambient | 31.1 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 35.2 | 20.3 | 15.0 |
Late rice | Jiuxiangnian | 增温Warming | 32.3 | 18.2 | 14.1 | 36.6 | 23.0 | 13.6 |
差值 Difference | 1.2 | 2.7 | −1.5 | 1.4 | 2.7 | −1.4 | ||
泰优398 | 不增温 Ambient | 35.2 | 19.9 | 15.3 | 37.5 | 22.5 | 15.0 | |
Taiyou 398 | 增温Warming | 35.9 | 21.9 | 13.8 | 38.5 | 24.9 | 13.6 | |
差值 Difference | 0.7 | 2.0 | −1.5 | 1.0 | 2.4 | −1.4 |
表1 不增温和增温处理水稻冠层最高温度、最低温度和日较差
Table 1. Max, min and range temperature of rice canopy under ambient and warming treatments. ℃
季别 Season | 品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 抽穗-成熟 Heading to maturity | 移栽-成熟 Transplanting to maturity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最高 Max | 最低 Min | 日较差 Range | 最高 Max | 最低 Min | 日较差 Range | |||
早稻 | 湘早籼45号 | 不增温 Ambient | 36.9 | 23.5 | 13.4 | 34.6 | 21.5 | 12.6 |
Early rice | Xiangzaoxian 45 | 增温Warming | 37.9 | 25.0 | 12.9 | 35.0 | 23.2 | 12.0 |
差值 Difference | 1.0 | 1.5 | −0.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 | −0.6 | ||
柒两优2012 | 不增温 Ambient | 37.7 | 23.6 | 13.6 | 34.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | |
Qiliangyou 2012 | 增温Warming | 38.5 | 25.3 | 13.2 | 35.0 | 23.2 | 12.0 | |
差值 Difference | 0.8 | 1.7 | −0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 | −0.7 | ||
晚稻 | 九香粘 | 不增温 Ambient | 31.1 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 35.2 | 20.3 | 15.0 |
Late rice | Jiuxiangnian | 增温Warming | 32.3 | 18.2 | 14.1 | 36.6 | 23.0 | 13.6 |
差值 Difference | 1.2 | 2.7 | −1.5 | 1.4 | 2.7 | −1.4 | ||
泰优398 | 不增温 Ambient | 35.2 | 19.9 | 15.3 | 37.5 | 22.5 | 15.0 | |
Taiyou 398 | 增温Warming | 35.9 | 21.9 | 13.8 | 38.5 | 24.9 | 13.6 | |
差值 Difference | 0.7 | 2.0 | −1.5 | 1.0 | 2.4 | −1.4 |
图3 增温对水稻籽粒粒重的影响 误差线表示标准误(n = 3)。*表示处理在0.05水平上差异显著。下同。
Fig. 3. Effects of warming on rice grain weight. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). * means significance at 0.05 level. The same below.
季别 Season | 品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 总淀粉含量 Starch contents/% | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% | 直链淀粉 占总淀粉比例 Proportion of amylose/% | 支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content/% | 支链淀粉 占总淀粉比例 Proportion of amylopectin/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
早稻 Early rice | 湘早籼45号 | 不增温 Ambient | 87.6 a | 15.4 a | 17.6 a | 72.2 a | 82.4 a |
Xiangzaoxian 45 | 增温Warming | 87.2 a | 15.1 a | 17.3 a | 72.1 a | 82.7 a | |
柒两优2012 | 不增温 Ambient | 89.2 a | 14.2 a | 15.9 a | 75.0 a | 84.1 a | |
Qiliangyou 2012 | 增温Warming | 88.4 a | 13.6 b | 15.4 b | 74.8 a | 84.6 a | |
晚稻 Late rice | 九香粘 | 不增温 Ambient | 90.1 a | 14.6 a | 16.2 a | 75.6 a | 83.9 a |
Jiuxiangnian | 增温Warming | 89.7 a | 14.1 b | 15.7 b | 75.6 a | 84.3 a | |
泰优398 | 不增温 Ambient | 87.8 a | 14.6 a | 16.6 a | 73.1 a | 83.3 a | |
Taiyou 398 | 增温Warming | 86.7 a | 14.4 a | 16.6 a | 72.3 a | 83.4 a |
表2 增温对水稻籽粒中总淀粉含量及其组分含量的影响
Table 2. Effects of warming on starch content and its component contents in rice grain.
季别 Season | 品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 总淀粉含量 Starch contents/% | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% | 直链淀粉 占总淀粉比例 Proportion of amylose/% | 支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content/% | 支链淀粉 占总淀粉比例 Proportion of amylopectin/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
早稻 Early rice | 湘早籼45号 | 不增温 Ambient | 87.6 a | 15.4 a | 17.6 a | 72.2 a | 82.4 a |
Xiangzaoxian 45 | 增温Warming | 87.2 a | 15.1 a | 17.3 a | 72.1 a | 82.7 a | |
柒两优2012 | 不增温 Ambient | 89.2 a | 14.2 a | 15.9 a | 75.0 a | 84.1 a | |
Qiliangyou 2012 | 增温Warming | 88.4 a | 13.6 b | 15.4 b | 74.8 a | 84.6 a | |
晚稻 Late rice | 九香粘 | 不增温 Ambient | 90.1 a | 14.6 a | 16.2 a | 75.6 a | 83.9 a |
Jiuxiangnian | 增温Warming | 89.7 a | 14.1 b | 15.7 b | 75.6 a | 84.3 a | |
泰优398 | 不增温 Ambient | 87.8 a | 14.6 a | 16.6 a | 73.1 a | 83.3 a | |
Taiyou 398 | 增温Warming | 86.7 a | 14.4 a | 16.6 a | 72.3 a | 83.4 a |
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