耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应及其生理机制

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其生理机制。【方法】耐盐水稻品种连鉴5号、盐稻16Z38和盐敏感水稻品种华粳5号、连粳17号生长于盆钵，盆栽土设置2个不同盐浓度处理：0 g/kg (对照)；3 g/kg(盐胁迫)。【结果】与对照相比，在盐胁迫下两类品种均有不同程度的减产，耐盐品种减产的幅度明显小于盐敏感品种。耐盐水稻品种具有较高的产量主要在于较高的颖花量和结实率。与盐敏感品种相比，耐盐水稻品种在分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆中期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化酶活性较高，拔节期和抽穗期具有较高根系脯氨酸含量、脯氨酸合成酶活性和较高的K⁺/Na⁺值，分蘖至拔节以及抽穗至成熟期具有较高的作物生长率，抽穗期具有较高的叶面积指数和叶片SPAD值，抽穗至灌浆中期具有较高的根系氧化力。【结论】在盐胁迫下耐盐水稻品种较高的总颖花量、较强的抗氧化和渗透调节能力、较高的根系氧化力和K⁺/Na⁺值是其获得较高产量的重要原因。在盐胁迫下叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性较强和根系氧化力较高可作为评定水稻品种耐盐性的重要生理指标。

关键词: 水稻, 盐胁迫, 抗氧化, 渗透调节, 根系氧化力

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to clarify the response of salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice varieties to salt stress and their agronomic and physiological characteristics. 【Method】 Tow salt tolerant rice varieties Lianjian 5 and Yandao 16Z38 and two salt sensitive rice varieties Huajing 5 and Lianjing 17 were grown in pots at salt concentrations of 0 g/kg (control) and 3 g/kg (salt stress) in the soil. 【Result】 Compared with the control, salt stress decreased grain yield of both salt tolerant varieties and salt sensitive varieties, with more reduction in the latter. A higher grain yield for salt tolerant varieties than that for salt sensitive varieties under salt stress was mainly attributed to more total spikelet number and higher seed setting rate. Compared with salt sensitive varieties, salt tolerant rice varieties had higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, in leaves at the stages of mid tillering, jointing heading, and mid grain filling, higher contents of organic osmotic regulators such as proline and proline synthase activities in roots, and higher K⁺/Na⁺ values at jointing and heading stages. Salt tolerant rice varieties also showed higher crop growth rates from tillering to jointing and from heading to maturity, higher leaf area index and leaf SPAD value at heading stage, and higher root oxidation activity from heading to mid grain filling stage. 【Conclusion】 More total spikelet number, stronger antioxidant and osmoregulation ability, higher root oxidation activity, and higher K⁺/Na⁺ values contributed to a higher grain yield for the salt tolerant varieties under salt stress. Higher superoxide dismutase activity and root oxidation activity could be used as important physiological indexes in breeding and selecting salt tolerant rice varieties.

Key words: rice, salt stress, antioxidation, osmoregulation, root oxidation activity

周振玲, 林兵, 周群, 杨波, 刘艳, 周天阳, 王宝祥, 顾骏飞, 徐大勇, 杨建昌. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应及其生理机制[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(2): 153-165.

ZHOU Zhenling, LIN Bing, ZHOU Qun, YANG Bo, LIU Yan, ZHOU Tianyang, WANG Baoxiang, GU Junfei, XU Dayong, YANG Jianchang. Responses of Rice Varieties Differing in Salt Tolerance to Salt Stress and Their Physiological Mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(2): 153-165.

图/表 11

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	每盆穗数 Panicles per pot	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Grain yeild /(g·pot⁻¹)	减产率 Yield reduction rate/%
2020
连鉴5号	CK	22.5 b	157.3 a	85.8 a	25.6 cd	77.8 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	16.8 d	132.1 c	83.4 b	24.3 d	45.0 c	42.2 d
盐稻16 Z38	CK	21.2 c	143.1 b	82.1 bc	26.2 c	65.4 b
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	16.0 e	110.4 e	80.5 c	24.7 d	35.0 d	46.4 c
华粳5号	CK	23.5 a	125.7 d	86.1 a	29.7 a	75.5 a
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	15.3 f	97.2 g	67.6 d	27.9 b	28.0 e	62.9 b
连粳17号	CK	23.2 a	138.7 b	86.5 a	27.6 b	76.8 a
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	14.1 g	101.4 f	63.5 e	26.3 c	23.9 f	68.9 a
2021
连鉴5号	CK	22.7 b	159.0 a	86.7 a	25.9 cd	81.2 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	17.1 d	134.7 c	85.1 b	24.8 d	48.7 d	40.1 d
盐稻16 Z38	CK	21.6 c	145.8 b	83.7 bc	26.7 c	70.4 c
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	16.3 e	112.6 e	82.1 c	25.2 d	38.0 e	46.0 c
华粳5号	CK	23.7 a	126.8 d	86.9 a	30.0 a	78.3 b
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	15.4 f	98.0 g	68.1 d	28.1 b	29.0 f	63.0 b
连粳17号	CK	23.6 a	141.2 b	88.1 a	28.1 b	82.5 a
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	14.3 g	102.7 f	64.3 e	26.6 c	25.1 g	69.5 a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	每盆穗数 Panicles per pot	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Grain yeild /(g·pot⁻¹)	减产率 Yield reduction rate/%
2020
连鉴5号	CK	22.5 b	157.3 a	85.8 a	25.6 cd	77.8 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	16.8 d	132.1 c	83.4 b	24.3 d	45.0 c	42.2 d
盐稻16 Z38	CK	21.2 c	143.1 b	82.1 bc	26.2 c	65.4 b
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	16.0 e	110.4 e	80.5 c	24.7 d	35.0 d	46.4 c
华粳5号	CK	23.5 a	125.7 d	86.1 a	29.7 a	75.5 a
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	15.3 f	97.2 g	67.6 d	27.9 b	28.0 e	62.9 b
连粳17号	CK	23.2 a	138.7 b	86.5 a	27.6 b	76.8 a
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	14.1 g	101.4 f	63.5 e	26.3 c	23.9 f	68.9 a
2021
连鉴5号	CK	22.7 b	159.0 a	86.7 a	25.9 cd	81.2 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	17.1 d	134.7 c	85.1 b	24.8 d	48.7 d	40.1 d
盐稻16 Z38	CK	21.6 c	145.8 b	83.7 bc	26.7 c	70.4 c
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	16.3 e	112.6 e	82.1 c	25.2 d	38.0 e	46.0 c
华粳5号	CK	23.7 a	126.8 d	86.9 a	30.0 a	78.3 b
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	15.4 f	98.0 g	68.1 d	28.1 b	29.0 f	63.0 b
连粳17号	CK	23.6 a	141.2 b	88.1 a	28.1 b	82.5 a
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	14.3 g	102.7 f	64.3 e	26.6 c	25.1 g	69.5 a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干物质量Biomass/(g·pot⁻¹)				作物生长率CGR/(g·pot⁻¹d⁻¹)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering(MT)	拔节期Jointing(JT)	抽穗期 Heading(HD)	成熟期Maturity(MA)	分蘖-拔节 MT-JT	拔节-抽穗 JT-HD	抽穗-成熟 HD-MA
2020
连鉴5号 Lianjian 5	CK	16.4 b	64.9 c	117.2 b	168.3 a	1.21 b	1.74 a	0.85 a
连鉴5号 Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	12.1 d	46.5 d	72.5 c	106.8 c	0.86 c	1.04 d	0.53 c
盐稻16 Z38 Yandao16 Z38	CK	18.5 a	70.2 a	120.7 ab	159.7 b	1.29 a	1.68 a	0.65 b
盐稻16 Z38 Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	13.0 c	47.8 d	71.3 c	94.1 d	0.87 c	0.94 e	0.35 d
华粳5号 Huajing 5	CK	16.1 b	68.7 b	124.3 a	162.2 b	1.32 a	1.63b	0.63 b
华粳5号 Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	7.2 e	26.7 e	51.1 d	70.8 e	0.49 d	0.81 f	0.30 f
连粳17号 Lianjing 17	CK	17.9 a	70.7 a	122.2 a	173.6 a	1.32 a	1.47 c	0.86 a
连粳17号 Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	6.1 f	20.1 f	40.6 e	61.4 f	0.35 e	0.68 g	0.32 e
2021
连鉴5号	CK	16.7 c	65.9 b	118.9 b	171.2 a	1.23 b	1.77 a	0.87 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	12.3 e	47.1 c	72.4 c	108.3 c	0.87 c	1.01 d	0.55 d
盐稻16 Z38	CK	19.3 a	70.5 a	121.1 ab	162.6 b	1.28 ab	1.69 ab	0.69 b
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	13.2 d	47.8 c	71.5 c	95.9 d	0.87 c	0.95 e	0.38 e
华粳5号	CK	16.4 c	69.4 a	125.8 a	164.4 b	1.33 a	1.61 b	0.64 c
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	7.3 f	27.1 d	51.9 d	72.1 e	0.50 d	0.83 f	0.31 f
连粳17号	CK	18.1 b	71.5 a	123.5 a	175.7 a	1.34 a	1.49 c	0.87 a
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	6.2 g	20.3 e	41.1 e	62.2 f	0.35 e	0.69 g	0.32 f

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干物质量Biomass/(g·pot⁻¹)				作物生长率CGR/(g·pot⁻¹d⁻¹)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering(MT)	拔节期Jointing(JT)	抽穗期 Heading(HD)	成熟期Maturity(MA)	分蘖-拔节 MT-JT	拔节-抽穗 JT-HD	抽穗-成熟 HD-MA
2020
连鉴5号 Lianjian 5	CK	16.4 b	64.9 c	117.2 b	168.3 a	1.21 b	1.74 a	0.85 a
连鉴5号 Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	12.1 d	46.5 d	72.5 c	106.8 c	0.86 c	1.04 d	0.53 c
盐稻16 Z38 Yandao16 Z38	CK	18.5 a	70.2 a	120.7 ab	159.7 b	1.29 a	1.68 a	0.65 b
盐稻16 Z38 Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	13.0 c	47.8 d	71.3 c	94.1 d	0.87 c	0.94 e	0.35 d
华粳5号 Huajing 5	CK	16.1 b	68.7 b	124.3 a	162.2 b	1.32 a	1.63b	0.63 b
华粳5号 Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	7.2 e	26.7 e	51.1 d	70.8 e	0.49 d	0.81 f	0.30 f
连粳17号 Lianjing 17	CK	17.9 a	70.7 a	122.2 a	173.6 a	1.32 a	1.47 c	0.86 a
连粳17号 Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	6.1 f	20.1 f	40.6 e	61.4 f	0.35 e	0.68 g	0.32 e
2021
连鉴5号	CK	16.7 c	65.9 b	118.9 b	171.2 a	1.23 b	1.77 a	0.87 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	12.3 e	47.1 c	72.4 c	108.3 c	0.87 c	1.01 d	0.55 d
盐稻16 Z38	CK	19.3 a	70.5 a	121.1 ab	162.6 b	1.28 ab	1.69 ab	0.69 b
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	13.2 d	47.8 c	71.5 c	95.9 d	0.87 c	0.95 e	0.38 e
华粳5号	CK	16.4 c	69.4 a	125.8 a	164.4 b	1.33 a	1.61 b	0.64 c
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	7.3 f	27.1 d	51.9 d	72.1 e	0.50 d	0.83 f	0.31 f
连粳17号	CK	18.1 b	71.5 a	123.5 a	175.7 a	1.34 a	1.49 c	0.87 a
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫Salt stress	6.2 g	20.3 e	41.1 e	62.2 f	0.35 e	0.69 g	0.32 f

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering(MT)	拔节期 Jointing(JT)	抽穗期 Heading(HD)	成熟期 Maturity(MA)	茎蘖成穗率 Productive tiller rate/%
2020
连鉴5号	CK	15.8 bc	33.6 b	24.0 c	22.5 b	67.0 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	14.3 d	30.5 d	21.8 d	16.8 d	55.1 c
盐稻16 Z38	CK	16.0 b	34.1 b	26.4 a	21.2 c	62.2 b
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	14.7 cd	31.2 cd	21.7 d	16.0 e	51.3 d
华粳5号	CK	17.0 a	36.1 a	25.6 ab	23.5 a	65.1 ab
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	15.2 c	32.3 c	25.0 b	15.3 f	47.4 e
连粳17号	CK	17.4 a	37.1 a	25.2 b	23.2 a	62.5 b
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	14.8 c	31.5 cd	25.3 b	14.1 g	44.8 f
2021
连鉴5号	CK	15.9 bc	33.9 b	24.2 c	22.7 b	67.0 a
Lianjian 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	14.4 d	30.8 d	22.0 d	17.1 d	55.5 c
盐稻16 Z38	CK	16.2 b	34.6 b	26.8 a	21.6 c	62.4 b
Yandao16 Z38	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	14.9 cd	31.7 cd	22.1 d	16.3 e	51.4 d
华粳5号	CK	17.2 a	36.6 a	26.0 ab	23.7 a	64.8 ab
Huajing 5	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	15.3 c	32.6 c	25.2 b	15.4 f	47.2 e
连粳17号	CK	17.6 a	37.5 a	25.5 b	23.6 a	62.9 b
Lianjing 17	3 g/kg盐胁迫 Salt stress	15.0 c	31.8 cd	25.6 b	14.3 g	45.0 f