施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220606

中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 89-101.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220606

施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响

王颖姮¹^,², 陈丽娟³, 崔丽丽¹^,², 詹生威³, 宋煜¹^,², 陈世安⁴, 解振兴¹^,², 姜照伟¹^,², 吴方喜¹^,², 卓传营³, 蔡秋华¹^,², 谢华安¹^,², 张建福¹^,²^,^*()

¹福建省农业科学院水稻研究所，福州 350019
²农业部华南杂交水稻种质创新与分子育种重点实验室/福州 (国家)水稻改良分中心/福建省作物分子育种工程实验室/福建省水稻分子育种重点实验室/福建省作物种质创新与分子育种省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/杂交水稻国家重点实验室华南研究基地/水稻国家工程实验室，福州 350003
³尤溪县农业技术推广站，福建三明 365100
⁴尤溪县西城镇经济发展综合服务中心，福建三明 365114

收稿日期:2022-06-14 修回日期:2022-10-15 出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2023-01-11
通讯作者: 张建福
基金资助:
国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-20);福建省人民政府-中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越"5511"协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021001);福建省科技重大专项(2020NZ08016);福建省属公益类科研院所科研专项(2021R1023007)

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Photosynthesis, Yield and Grain Quality of Superior Quality Rice “Fuxiangzhan”

WANG Yingheng¹^,², CHEN Lijuan³, CUI Lili¹^,², ZHAN Shengwei³, SONG Yu¹^,², CHEN Shian⁴, XIE Zhenxing¹^,², JIANG Zhaowei¹^,², WU Fangxi¹^,², ZHUO Chuanying³, CAI Qiuhua¹^,², XIE Huaan¹^,², ZHANG Jianfu¹^,²^,^*()

¹Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China
²Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China/ Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/ Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding／Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Fujian Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences & Technology／Base of South-China, National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
³Station of Agricultural Technology Extending for Youxi County, Sanming 365100, China
⁴Economic Development Comprehensive Service Center of West Town, Sanming 365114, China

Received:2022-06-14 Revised:2022-10-15 Online:2023-01-10 Published:2023-01-11
Contact: ZHANG Jianfu

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的烟稻轮作生产模式可以有效改善土壤生态，促进农业增效、农民增收。氮肥是影响水稻生长发育的关键因素，为明确优质稻“福香占”在福建烟后稻区的最佳氮肥施用量，充分发挥其优质、高产特性。方法本研究设置CK(0)、N₁(51.75)、N₂(103.5)、N₃(155.25)、N₄(207 kg/ hm²) 5个氮肥(以纯氮计)水平，在大田环境下，分析“福香占”光合特性、田间产量及其构成因素、稻米品质、香味等方面的变化。结果随施氮量增加，“福香占”生育期逐渐延长，叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、叶绿体大小、叶片中蔗糖和淀粉含量均上升，N₃或者N₄达到最高。两年穗总粒数和田间产量均是N₂最高，结实率、千粒重随施氮量增加而降低。稻米加工品质N₂处理表现最好，外观品质和食味品质受氮肥水平影响不显著。蛋白质含量随氮肥量升高而增加，峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、崩解值均随氮肥量增加而降低，消减值升高。N₂处理糙米香味物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的含量最高。结论氮肥处理促进了“福香占”的光合作用，但过量氮肥使得植株贪青迟熟，结实率和产量下降。施氮量为103.5 kg/hm² (N₂)时，“福香占”高产和优质协调，香味物质积累多。本研究为“福香占”进一步在福建烟后稻区推广应用及优质稻产业高质量发展奠定了基础。

关键词: 光合特性, 产量, 品质, 施氮量

Abstract:

【Objcetive】 Tobacco-rice rotation can effectively improve soil ecology, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income. Nitrogen fertilizer is a key factor affecting the growth and development of rice. In order to determine the optimal nitrogen application rate and to give full play to the high quality and high yield potential of the superior quality rice “Fuxiangzhan” in the tobacco-rice rotation areas of Fujian Province, 【Method】 Five nitrogen rates, (CK: 0, N1: 51.75, N2: 103.5, N3: 155.25, and N4: 207 kg/ hm² by nitrogen) were set to analyze effects on photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield and its components, grain quality and aroma of brown rice under the field environment. 【Result】 The results showed with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the growth duration of “Fuxiangzhan” was gradually prolonged, chlorophyll SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, chloroplast size, sucrose and starch contents in flag leaves were increased, and all the parameters mentioned above reached the highest value in N₃ or N₄ treatment. The grain number per panicle and grain yield maximized in N₂ treatment, but the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. For the processing quality of grain, it performed best in N₂ treatment. The appearance quality and eating quality were not significantly affected by nitrogen rates. The total protein contents increased with the increase of nitrogen rates. For RVA profile, the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final paste viscosity and breakdown value decreased, while the setback viscosity value increased. The content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in brown rice under N2 treatment was the highest. 【Conclusion】 The results showed nitrogen treatment promoted the photosynthesis of “Fuxiangzan”, but excessive nitrogen made plants late-ripening, reduced seed setting rate and yielding. At the nitrogen application rate of N₂ (103.5 kg / hm²), we struck a balance between high yield and good quality with the most aroma substances accumulated. This study laid a foundation for the further popularization and application of “Fuxiangzhan” in production and the development of high-quality rice industry in the tobacco-rice rotation areas of Fujian Province.

Key words: photosynthesis characteristics, yield, grain quality, nitrogen rate

王颖姮, 陈丽娟, 崔丽丽, 詹生威, 宋煜, 陈世安, 解振兴, 姜照伟, 吴方喜, 卓传营, 蔡秋华, 谢华安, 张建福. 施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(1): 89-101.

WANG Yingheng, CHEN Lijuan, CUI Lili, ZHAN Shengwei, SONG Yu, CHEN Shian, XIE Zhenxing, JIANG Zhaowei, WU Fangxi, ZHUO Chuanying, CAI Qiuhua, XIE Huaan, ZHANG Jianfu. Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Photosynthesis, Yield and Grain Quality of Superior Quality Rice “Fuxiangzhan”[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(1): 89-101.

图/表 9

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年份	施氮处理	移栽期	始穗期	齐穗期	成熟期	生育期
Year	N rate	Transplanting date	First heading date	Full heading date	Maturity date	Growth duration/d
2020	CK	07-15	08-30	09-05	10-30	133
	N₁	07-15	09-03	09-11	11-04	138
	N₂	07-15	09-04	09-13	11-07	141
	N₃	07-15	09-05	09-16	11-10	144
	N₄	07-15	09-07	09-20	11-13	146
2021	CK	07-11	09-03	09-09	10-28	133
	N₁	07-11	09-08	09-15	11-03	139
	N₂	07-11	09-10	09-18	11-08	144
	N₃	07-11	09-13	09-22	11-14	150
	N₄	07-11	09-15	09-25	11-18	154

年份	施氮处理	移栽期	始穗期	齐穗期	成熟期	生育期
Year	N rate	Transplanting date	First heading date	Full heading date	Maturity date	Growth duration/d
2020	CK	07-15	08-30	09-05	10-30	133
	N₁	07-15	09-03	09-11	11-04	138
	N₂	07-15	09-04	09-13	11-07	141
	N₃	07-15	09-05	09-16	11-10	144
	N₄	07-15	09-07	09-20	11-13	146
2021	CK	07-11	09-03	09-09	10-28	133
	N₁	07-11	09-08	09-15	11-03	139
	N₂	07-11	09-10	09-18	11-08	144
	N₃	07-11	09-13	09-22	11-14	150
	N₄	07-11	09-15	09-25	11-18	154

年份 Year	施氮量N-rates	有效穗数 Effective panicle (No.×10⁴/hm²)	每穗总粒数 Grain No. per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm⁻²)
2020	CK	212.74 ± 3.67 b	131.16 ± 2.49 a	91.46 ± 0.28 a	25.35 ± 0.17 a	5792.50 ± 67.67 b
	N₁	232.90 ± 13.44 ab	137.20 ± 12.40 a	88.77 ± 1.25 ab	24.41 ± 0.09 b	6130.50 ± 237.00 ab
	N₂	232.49 ± 12.17 ab	147.53 ± 8.24 a	86.18 ± 1.42 b	23.49 ± 0.12 c	6194.00 ± 137.67 a
	N₃	234.24 ± 6.67 ab	140.16 ± 5.76 a	76.28 ± 1.38 c	23.53 ± 0.26 c	5270.50 ± 89.33 c
	N₄	237.16 ± 1.44 a	146.57 ± 5.11 a	67.96 ± 1.17 d	23.65 ± 0.29 c	5001.50 ± 169.67 c
2021	CK	212.17 ± 3.13 d	173.47 ± 9.27 cd	69.56 ± 2.19 a	25.42 ± 0.16 a	5857.50 ± 50.40 c
	N₁	229.75 ± 1.80 c	185.73 ± 2.31 bc	67.62 ± 1.95 ab	24.45 ± 0.08 b	6396.00 ± 48.28 b
	N₂	244.17 ± 4.56 b	202.00 ± 6.62 a	64.06 ± 1.32 b	23.54 ± 0.13 c	6741.00 ± 52.54 a
	N₃	255.84 ± 2.27 a	169.33 ± 12.38 d	55.49 ± 3.62 c	23.66 ± 0.23 c	5116.50 ± 60.22 d
	N₄	259.67 ± 5.51 a	190.97 ± 8.34 ab	43.73 ± 1.54 d	23.80 ± 0.17 c	4651.50 ± 57.76 e
方差分析ANOVA
施氮量N-rates (N)		14.96**	5.76**	172.57**	125.53**	234.38**
年份Year (Y)		9.97**	155.67**	1009.98**	1.86	3.37
施氮量×年份N × Y		2.66	1.43	0.74	0.11	14.87**

年份 Year	施氮量N-rates	有效穗数 Effective panicle (No.×10⁴/hm²)	每穗总粒数 Grain No. per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm⁻²)
2020	CK	212.74 ± 3.67 b	131.16 ± 2.49 a	91.46 ± 0.28 a	25.35 ± 0.17 a	5792.50 ± 67.67 b
	N₁	232.90 ± 13.44 ab	137.20 ± 12.40 a	88.77 ± 1.25 ab	24.41 ± 0.09 b	6130.50 ± 237.00 ab
	N₂	232.49 ± 12.17 ab	147.53 ± 8.24 a	86.18 ± 1.42 b	23.49 ± 0.12 c	6194.00 ± 137.67 a
	N₃	234.24 ± 6.67 ab	140.16 ± 5.76 a	76.28 ± 1.38 c	23.53 ± 0.26 c	5270.50 ± 89.33 c
	N₄	237.16 ± 1.44 a	146.57 ± 5.11 a	67.96 ± 1.17 d	23.65 ± 0.29 c	5001.50 ± 169.67 c
2021	CK	212.17 ± 3.13 d	173.47 ± 9.27 cd	69.56 ± 2.19 a	25.42 ± 0.16 a	5857.50 ± 50.40 c
	N₁	229.75 ± 1.80 c	185.73 ± 2.31 bc	67.62 ± 1.95 ab	24.45 ± 0.08 b	6396.00 ± 48.28 b
	N₂	244.17 ± 4.56 b	202.00 ± 6.62 a	64.06 ± 1.32 b	23.54 ± 0.13 c	6741.00 ± 52.54 a
	N₃	255.84 ± 2.27 a	169.33 ± 12.38 d	55.49 ± 3.62 c	23.66 ± 0.23 c	5116.50 ± 60.22 d
	N₄	259.67 ± 5.51 a	190.97 ± 8.34 ab	43.73 ± 1.54 d	23.80 ± 0.17 c	4651.50 ± 57.76 e
方差分析ANOVA
施氮量N-rates (N)		14.96**	5.76**	172.57**	125.53**	234.38**
年份Year (Y)		9.97**	155.67**	1009.98**	1.86	3.37
施氮量×年份N × Y		2.66	1.43	0.74	0.11	14.87**

年份 Year	施氮量 N-rates	糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree/%	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/%	胶稠度 Gel consistency /mm	蛋白质含量 Protein content /%
2020	CK	80.27 ± 0.11 b	70.60 ± 0.13 c	45.73 ± 0.29 d	6.67 ± 0.44 ab	0.83 ± 0.13 bc	19.98 ± 0.36 a	65.00 ± 10.00 a	7.77 ± 0.26 b
	N₁	81.37 ± 0.09 a	73.57 ± 0.11 a	49.10 ± 0.80 c	6.67 ± 1.56 ab	0.76 ± 0.32 bc	20.21 ± 0.17 a	68.33 ± 7.78 a	8.12 ± 0.02 ab
	N₂	81.50 ± 0.20 a	73.63 ± 0.29 a	57.67 ± 1.02 a	6.67 ± 1.11 ab	1.26 ± 0.31 a	20.39 ± 0.35 a	65.50 ± 5.33 a	8.32 ± 0.23 ab
	N₃	80.50 ± 0.07 b	71.97 ± 0.09 b	53.83 ± 0.31 b	8.00 ± 0.67 a	1.07 ± 0.19 ab	20.22 ± 0.27 a	73.50 ± 7.00 a	8.38 ± 0.07 ab
	N₄	80.47 ± 0.11 b	72.03 ± 0.31 b	54.37 ± 0.78 b	5.00 ± 0.67 b	0.51 ± 0.11 c	19.93 ± 0.16 a	71.67 ± 2.22 a	8.50 ± 0.53 a
2021	CK	79.57 ± 0.51 b	66.90 ± 0.20 c	43.71 ± 0.65 b	5.72 ± 1.30 a	1.08 ± 0.16 a	16.03 ± 0.51 a	83.00 ± 2.00 a	6.44 ± 0.17 d
	N₁	81.17 ± 0.11 a	69.83 ± 0.16 a	46.62 ± 0.42 a	5.42 ± 1.36 a	1.10 ± 0.36 a	15.80 ± 0.40 a	81.00 ± 2.00 a	7.01 ± 0.24 c
	N₂	81.40 ± 0.07 a	69.97 ± 0.38 a	47.70 ± 1.33 a	4.36 ± 0.56 a	0.88 ± 0.15 a	16.17 ± 0.10 a	78.33 ± 1.56 a	7.58 ± 0.23 b
	N₃	81.27 ± 0.11 a	68.30 ± 0.20 b	37.08 ± 0.53 c	3.46 ± 0.39 a	0.71 ± 0.06 a	16.37 ± 0.18 a	83.67 ± 3.56 a	8.47 ± 0.17 a
	N₄	81.57 ± 0.04 a	68.67 ± 0.22 b	33.29 ± 1.68 d	3.43 ± 0.78 a	0.71 ± 0.07 a	16.13 ± 0.11 a	79.67 ± 0.44 a	8.43 ± 0.16 a
方差分析ANOVA
施氮量 N- rates (N)		30.46**	97.30**	44.44**	2.69	2.87	0.89	0.92	21.36**
年份Year (Y)		3.23	1009.48**	480.69**	24.21**	0.02	809.05**	29.17**	31.82**
施氮量×年份 N × Y		11.75**	0.34	62.93**	2.27	3.01*	0.68	0.54	6.19**

施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Photosynthesis, Yield and Grain Quality of Superior Quality Rice “Fuxiangzhan”

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Metrics

施氮量 N rates	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (PKV)	热浆黏度 Hot viscosity (HPV)	最终黏度 Final viscosity (CPV)	崩解值 Breakdown viscosity (BDV)	消减值 Setback viscosity (SBV)	回复值 Cosistency viscosity (CSV)
CK	3332.33±53.78 a	1767.00±60.67 a	2921.33±39.56 a	1565.33±36.22 a	−411.00±50.00 a	1154.33±24.22 a
N1	3167.00±125.33 a	1663.33±50.44 a	2814.33±62.89 a	1503.67±121.11 a	−352.67±148.44 a	1151.00±27.33 a
N2	3185.67±41.78 a	1657.33±37.78 a	2820.67±40.44 a	1528.33±36.89 a	−365.00±74.67 a	1163.33±37.78 a
N3	2971.67±220.44 a	1594.67±169.11 a	2761.33±152.22 a	1377.00±51.33 a	−210.33±68.22 a	1166.67±16.89 a
N4	2972.33±204.22 a	1609.67±117.78 a	2774.00±98.00 a	1362.67±86.44 a	−198.33±106.22 a	1164.33±20.22 a
方差分析 ANOVA
施氮量N rate	3.06	1.42	1.20	2.47	1.88	0.14

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