开放式增温对华南双季稻稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220402

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的华南双季稻区是我国优质籼稻的主产区之一，研究气候变暖对华南双季稻稻米品质的影响具有重要意义。方法采用稻田开放式主动增温系统对早稻(合丰丝苗，2020年；粤禾丝苗，2021年)和晚稻(粤禾丝苗，2020和2021年)进行全生育期昼夜不间断增温处理，分析增温对早、晚稻加工、外观、营养和食味品质的影响。结果与不增温处理相比，增温(早稻，1.5~1.8 ℃；晚稻1.9~2.0 ℃)对早、晚稻糙米率均无显著影响。增温条件下，早稻精米率和整精米率均显著降低，而晚稻精米率和整精米率无显著变化。增温对垩白粒率和垩白度的影响在早、晚稻之间呈相反趋势；增温显著提高早稻垩白粒率和垩白度，而降低晚稻垩白粒率。增温条件下，早、晚稻直链淀粉含量均显著降低，而蛋白质含量呈升高趋势。此外，增温提高早、晚稻稻米峰值黏度和米饭黏性，降低其消减值及晚稻糊化温度和米饭硬度。相关分析表明，增温条件下，早、晚稻糊化特性和米饭质构的改变主要与直链淀粉含量的降低有关。结论增温导致早稻加工和外观品质变差，而有利于改善其营养和食味品质。增温条件下，晚稻外观、营养和食味品质均有改善。

关键词: 全球变暖, 双季稻, 稻米品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The double cropping rice growing area in South China is one of the main producing areas of high-quality indica rice. However, the impact of global warming on rice quality of double-cropping rice in South China remains unclear. 【Method】 A field experiment was designed with ambient temperature treatment (CK) and whole growth period warming treatment (W). The warming treatments were generated with free air temperature increase (FATI) facilities. The milling, appearance, nutritional and eating quality of early rice (i.e., Hefengsimiao in 2020 and Yuehesimiao in 2021) and late rice (i.e., Yuehesimiao in 2020 and 2021) were compared and analyzed between CK and warming treatments. 【Result】 Compared to the CK, the warming treatment (early rice, 1.5-1.8 ℃; late rice, 1.9-2.0 ℃) had no significant effect on the brown rice rate of early and late rice. The milled rice rate and head rice rate of early rice decreased significantly, while the milled rice rate and head rice rate of late rice did not change under warming conditions. The warming effects on the chalky grain rate and chalkiness fallowed opposite trends between the early and late rice. Warming significantly increased the chalky grain rate and chalkiness of early rice, but decreased the chalky grain rate of late rice. The amylose contents of early and late rice decreased, while the protein contents increased under warming conditions. In addition, warming increased the peak viscosity and stickiness of early and late rice, while decreased their setback, pasting temperature and hardness of late rice. Correlation analysis showed that the changes in rice flour pasting property and cooked rice texture of early and late rice were mainly related to the reduction in amylose content under warming conditions. 【Conclusion】 Warming worsens the milling and appearance qualities of early rice, but it is beneficial to improving its nutritional and eating quality. The appearance, nutritional and eating quality of late rice are improved under warming conditions.

Key words: global warming, double-cropping rice, grain quality

杨陶陶, 邹积祥, 伍龙梅, 包晓哲, 江瑜, 张楠, 张彬. 开放式增温对华南双季稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(1): 66-77.

YANG Taotao, ZOU Jixiang, WU Longmei, BAO Xiaozhe, JIANG Yu, ZHANG Nan, ZHANG Bin. Effect of Free Air Temperature Increase on Grain Quality of Double-cropping Rice in South China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(1): 66-77.

图/表 11

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季别 Season	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Temperature treatment	移栽至成熟 Transplanting to maturity	抽穗至成熟 Heading to maturity
早稻	2020	合丰丝苗Hefengsimiao	不增温CK	29.3±0.1	31.1±0.2
Early rice			全生育期增温W	30.8±0.1	32.4±0.3
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	27.7±0.1	28.8±0.2
			全生育期增温W	29.5±0.4	31.0±0.3
晚稻	2020	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	27.6±0.1	24.4±0.1
Late rice			全生育期增温W	29.5±0.5	25.9±0.2
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	27.2±0.1	24.0±0.3
			全生育期增温W	29.2±0.1	25.3±0.2

季别 Season	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Temperature treatment	移栽至成熟 Transplanting to maturity	抽穗至成熟 Heading to maturity
早稻	2020	合丰丝苗Hefengsimiao	不增温CK	29.3±0.1	31.1±0.2
Early rice			全生育期增温W	30.8±0.1	32.4±0.3
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	27.7±0.1	28.8±0.2
			全生育期增温W	29.5±0.4	31.0±0.3
晚稻	2020	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	27.6±0.1	24.4±0.1
Late rice			全生育期增温W	29.5±0.5	25.9±0.2
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	27.2±0.1	24.0±0.3
			全生育期增温W	29.2±0.1	25.3±0.2

季别 Season	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Temperature treatment	播种期 Sowing	移栽期 Transplanting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
早稻	2020	合丰丝苗Hefengsimiao	不增温CK	03-16	04-09	06-14	07-12
Early rice			全生育期增温W	03-16	04-09	06-12	07-09
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	03-16	04-06	05-29	06-29
			全生育期增温W	03-16	04-06	05-28	06-27
晚稻	2020	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	07-21	08-05	10-03	11-10
Late rice			全生育期增温W	07-21	08-05	10-06	11-12
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	07-19	08-05	09-29	11-07
			全生育期增温W	07-19	08-05	10-01	11-09

季别 Season	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Temperature treatment	播种期 Sowing	移栽期 Transplanting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
早稻	2020	合丰丝苗Hefengsimiao	不增温CK	03-16	04-09	06-14	07-12
Early rice			全生育期增温W	03-16	04-09	06-12	07-09
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	03-16	04-06	05-29	06-29
			全生育期增温W	03-16	04-06	05-28	06-27
晚稻	2020	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	07-21	08-05	10-03	11-10
Late rice			全生育期增温W	07-21	08-05	10-06	11-12
	2021	粤禾丝苗Yuehesimiao	不增温CK	07-19	08-05	09-29	11-07
			全生育期增温W	07-19	08-05	10-01	11-09

季别 Season	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Temperature treatment	加工品质Milling quality/%			外观品质Appearance quality/%
季别 Season	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Temperature treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head rice rate	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate	垩白度 Chalkiness
早稻	2020	合丰丝苗	不增温CK	79.4 ab	71.1 a	50.4 c	37.1 b	14.1 b
Early rice		Hefengsimiao	全生育期增温W	79.8 ab	69.3 ab	45.1 d	50.5 a	21.8 a
	2021	粤禾丝苗	不增温CK	80.9 a	69.0 b	65.6 a	6.7 d	6.1 d
		Yuehesimiao	全生育期增温W	78.8 b	67.1 c	61.4 b	12.7 c	11.6 c
晚稻	2020	粤禾丝苗	不增温CK	81.3 b	72.5 a	66.7 a	1.8 c	0.5 b
Late rice		Yuehesimiao	全生育期增温W	82.0 ab	72.9 a	67.3 a	1.9 c	0.4 b
	2021	粤禾丝苗	不增温CK	81.9 ab	72.8 a	65.7 a	7.0 a	2.1 a
		Yuehesimiao	全生育期增温W	82.2 a	73.1 a	66.0 a	5.7 b	1.9 a
方差分析	早稻Early rice		年份Year(Y)	ns	**	**	**	**
ANOVA			温度Temperature (T)	ns	*	**	**	**
			Y*T	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
	晚稻Late rice		年份Year (Y)	ns	ns	ns	**	*
			温度Temperature (T)	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
			YsT	ns	ns	ns	*	ns